Solutions to Winter 2023 Examination
Q.1
(a) Define software and explain its characteristics. (3 marks)
Solution:
Definition: Software is a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate computers and
execute specific tasks.
Characteristics:
- Intangible
- Easy to modify
- Does not wear out but may become obsolete
(b) Write a note on Software Engineering - A layered technology. (4 marks)
Solution:
- Definition: A framework with multiple layers to ensure efficient software development:
1. Tools: Support processes.
2. Methods: Best practices.
3. Processes: Development flow.
4. Quality Focus: Ensures standards.
(c) Explain Software Process Framework and umbrella activities. (7 marks)
OR
Define SDLC and explain each phase.
Solution for SDLC:
Phases:
1. Requirement Analysis: Understanding needs.
2. Design: Planning architecture.
3. Development: Coding phase.
4. Testing: Debugging and quality assurance.
5. Deployment: Release.
6. Maintenance: Updates and fixes.
Q.2
(a) Describe advantages and disadvantages of the Prototype model. (3 marks)
Solution:
- Advantages: Better user feedback, reduced risk.
- Disadvantages: Time-consuming, costly for large systems.
(b) Explain Prototyping Model and justify when to use it. (4 marks)
Solution: Use when:
- Requirements are unclear.
- User feedback is critical.
Example: UI-heavy systems.
(c) Sketch and discuss Waterfall & Incremental Models. (7 marks)
OR Spiral Model advantages/disadvantages.
Solution:
- Waterfall Model: Sequential; good for well-defined projects.
- Incremental Model: Develop in iterations; handles changes better.
Q.3
(a) Illustrate the importance of SRS. (3 marks)
Solution: Ensures clarity, reduces ambiguity, and acts as a reference for all stakeholders.
(b) Specify characteristics of good & bad SRS. (4 marks)
Solution:
- Good SRS: Clear, concise, complete.
- Bad SRS: Ambiguous, inconsistent.
(c) Classify types of requirements in SRS (Functional vs. Non-functional). (7 marks)
Solution:
- Functional: System capabilities (e.g., login functionality).
- Non-functional: Quality attributes (e.g., performance, usability).
Q.4
(a) Give steps of Project Monitoring and control process. (3 marks)
Solution:
1. Planning.
2. Tracking progress.
3. Reviewing reports.
4. Adjusting deviations.
(b) Discuss Risk Assessment and Mitigation. (4 marks)
Solution:
- Assessment: Identify and analyze risks.
- Mitigation: Reduce likelihood/impact through planning.
(c) Define project risk and risk management process. (7 marks)
Solution:
- Definition: Potential issues affecting project success.
- Process:
1. Identify risks.
2. Analyze.
3. Plan responses.
4. Monitor continuously.
Q.5
(a) Characteristics of a good UI. (3 marks)
Solution:
- Simple, intuitive, consistent, responsive.
(b) Briefly explain Unit Testing. (4 marks)
Solution: Testing individual components of a software to ensure functionality.
(c) Draw and explain activity diagrams for train reservation. (7 marks)
OR Describe coding standards and guidelines.
Solution for Activity Diagrams: Illustrate key processes:
1. User login.
2. Search for trains.
3. Select train.
4. Make payment.
5. Confirm reservation.
