1. What is the main goal of software process models?

a) To create hardware
b) To organize and control software development
c) To build databases
d) To develop operating systems
2. Which phase is NOT included in the Waterfall Model?
a) Requirements
b) Maintenance
c) Continuous feedback
d) Design
3. What is the first step in the Waterfall Model?
a) Testing
b) Implementation
c) Requirements
d) Maintenance
4. Which process model is known for its rigid structure(cấu trúc cứng nhắc)?
a) Waterfall Model
b) Spiral Model
c) Agile Model
d) Prototype Model
5. In the Waterfall Model, when does testing occur?
a) At the beginning
b) After maintenance
c) After implementation(thực thi)
d) Throughout the process
6. What does the Spiral Model focus on?
a) Risk management(rủi ro)
b) Fixed structure
c) Quick development
d) No iterations
7. How many stages are there in the Waterfall Model?
a) 3
b) 5
c) 6
d) 8
8. What is a key characteristic of the Spiral Model?
a) It avoids iteration
b) It includes risk analysis
c) It excludes customer feedback
d) It is used for small projects
9. Which model is most flexible(linh hoạt) in adapting to changing requirements?
a) Waterfall Model
 b) Agile Model
c) Spiral Model
d) Incremental Model
10. What does Agile emphasize(nhấn mạnh)?
a) Customer collaboration and adaptability(hợp tác và khả năng thích ứng)
b) Risk analysis
c) Fixed steps
d) Large teams

11. Which of the following is a method in Agile development?

a) Spiral
b) Scrum
c) Waterfall
d) Prototype
12. What is the primary goal of the Prototype Model?
a) To complete development quickly
b) To demonstrate a working example of the system
c) To avoid testing
d) To focus on maintenance
13. What is NOT a benefit of the Incremental Model?
a) Quick delivery of features
b) Easy to manage
c) Suitable for projects with stable requirements(yêu cầu ổn định)
d) Good for customer feedback
14. What phase involves coding(liên quan đến việc mã hóa) in the Waterfall Model?
a) Verification
b) Implementation
c) Requirements
d) Maintenance
15. What is the main drawback(nhược điểm chính) of the Waterfall Model?
a) Iterations are required
b) It is too simple
c) It is not flexible for changing requirements(không linh hoạt)
d) It focuses on risk

16. In the Spiral Model, what follows the planning phase?

a) Design
b) Risk analysis
c) Development
d) Implementation
17. Which Agile principle(nguyên tắc) promotes(thúc đẩy) teamwork?
a) No feedback
b) Collaboration between customers and developers
c) Iterations only
d) No testing
18. What is the role(vai trò) of maintenance(bảo trì) in the Waterfall Model?
a) To test the system
b) To update and support the software
c) To gather requirements
d) To avoid errors
19. What does DevOps integrate(tích hợp)?
a) Design and testing
b) Development and operations (phát triển và vận hành)
c) Implementation and maintenance
d) Testing and risk management
20. What does CI/CD stand for in DevOps?
a) Code Integration/Code Development
b) Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery(tích hợp và phân phối liên tục)
c) Computer Integration/Computer Deployment
d) Customer Interaction/Customer Deployment

21. What is a key focus of the Spiral Model?

a) Customer collaboration
b) Testing
c) Iterative risk evaluation
d) Simplicity
22. Which model is best for projects with unclear requirements?
a) Agile Model
b) Waterfall Model
c) DevOps
d) Incremental Model
23. What does the term “iteration”(lặp lại) mean in software development?
a) Fixed steps
b) Repetition of a process
c) Avoiding changes
d) Risk analysis
24. What is NOT a characteristic of the Agile Model?
a) Fixed timelines
b) Flexibility(linh hoạt)
c) Collaboration(cộng tác)
d) Rapid feedback(phản hồi nhanh)
25. Which phase in the Waterfall Model verifies(xác minh) correctness?
a) Design
b) Verification
c) Maintenance
d) Requirements

26. What is the advantage of DevOps?

a) No automation
b) Faster deployment and feedback
c) No customer interaction
d) Minimal maintenance
27. What does risk analysis aim to do in the Spiral Model?
a) Create prototypes
b) Identify and mitigate potential issues(Xác định và giảm thiểu các vấn đề tiềm ẩn)
c) Avoid iterations
d) Finalize testing
28. Which model involves delivering the product in phases(giai đoạn)?
a) Prototype Model
b) Incremental Model
c) Spiral Model
d) Agile Model
29. What is the primary benefit of Agile methods?
a) Fixed structure
b) Ability to respond quickly to change
c) Low cost
d) No feedback
30. What is Scrum primarily used for?
a) Maintenance
b) Project management in Agile
c) Risk management
d) Coding

31. What is the final stage of the Waterfall Model?

a) Implementation
b) Maintenance
c) Testing
d) Requirements
32. Which model is best for handling high-risk(rủi ro cao) projects?
a) Agile Model
b) Waterfall Model
c) Spiral Model
d) Incremental Model
33. What does the Prototype Model help with?
a) Avoiding customer feedback
b) Understanding unclear requirements
c) Focusing on risk management
d) Avoiding iterations
34. In the Incremental Model, how is the product delivered?
a) In phases
b) As a single release
c) Without testing
d) Only after maintenance
35. Which of the following is a drawback of the Prototype Model?
a) Helps clarify requirements
b) Encourages collaboration
c) Can lead to incomplete designs
d) Focuses on customer feedback

36. What is a sprint in Scrum?

a) A long-term planning phase
b) A short, focused development period(ngắn, tập trung)
c) The maintenance phase
d) A risk management session
37. What is the key focus of DevOps?
a) Separation between teams
b) Automation and integration(tích hợp)
c) Iterative risk management
d) Customer feedback only
38. Which of the following is a principle of Agile?
a) Following strict plans
b) Delivering working software frequently
c) Avoiding customer interaction
d) Focusing on large development cycles
39. What is the main purpose of CI/CD pipelines in DevOps?
a) To slow down development
b) To automate software building and deployment
c) To focus only on design
d) To avoid integration
40. Which model promotes “working software over comprehensive documentation”?
a) Waterfall Model
b) Agile Model
c) Spiral Model
d) Incremental Model
41. What is a major limitation of the Waterfall Model?
a) High adaptability to change
b) Sequential design process
c) Focus on customer interaction
d) Rapid feedback cycles
42. Which phase of the Spiral Model involves customer evaluation?
a) Planning
b) Development
c) Evaluation
d) Risk analysis
43. Which Agile framework emphasizes iterative and incremental delivery?
a) Waterfall Model
b) Scrum
c) Prototype Model
d) Spiral Model
44. What is NOT a phase in the Spiral Model?
a) Analysis
b) Risk management
c) Continuous maintenance
d) Planning
45. What is the main goal of the Prototype Model?
a) Build the final product directly
b) Explore and refine requirements
c) Avoid testing
d) Skip documentation

46. In DevOps, what is the role of automation?

a) To reduce deployment time
b) To eliminate customer interaction
c) To avoid testing
d) To slow down feedback
47. Which model is best for projects with changing requirements?
a) Agile Model
b) Waterfall Model
c) Prototype Model
d) Incremental Model
48. Which Agile artifact is used to track(theo dõi) progress?
a) Backlog
b) Risk evaluation
c) Prototype
d) CI/CD pipeline
49. What does Scrum focus on in terms of team roles?
a) No defined roles
b) Defined roles like Product Owner, Scrum Master
c) A single developer in charge
d) No collaboration
50. What does the Verification phase in the Waterfall Model ensure?
a) That requirements are met(đáp ứng yêu cầu )
b) That the design is incomplete
c) That risk is avoided
d) That testing is skipped