By : Alia

Name Origin Insertion Action Nerve supply

1- Flexion of hip joint and abduction and
Sartorius lateral rotation of the
The longest muscle in the body From the anterior superior iliac the upper part of the
medial surface of the shaft
thigh.
2- Flexion of knee and medial rotation of
‫كلهم ب‬
spine. of tibia leg
Action of sartorius brings the lower limb
into the sitting position of a tailor (Latin

It arises from the ilium by two heads:

sartor: tailor) The
Quadriceps Femoris
‫الربعه الجايين‬
a- Straight head: arises from the upper part of the
anterior inferior iliac spine.
Femoral
nerve
the most powerful extensor of the
knee joint b- Reflected head: arises from a groove above the the four heads fuse into a
1-Rectus Femoris acetabulum. common 1. Extension of the knee joint by the four
tendon and attached to the heads
crosses two joints, i.e., hip and upper border of the
knee joints. (the main action).
patella (a sesamoid bone 2. Flexion of the hip joint by the rectus
2- Vastus Lateralis -a linear and aponeurotic origin from in the quadriceps
-the upper part of the intertrochanteric line femoris muscle Each head of quadriceps
tendon). N.B. The rectus femoris is also called the
-anterior and inferior borders of the greater The ligamentum patella receives one or two
trochanter, emerges from “kicking muscle” because it extends separate branches
-lateral lip of gluteal tuberosity the apex of the patella and the knee
- Upper half of the lateral lip of linea aspera. attached to the upper and flexes the hip—the actions required
3-Vastus Medialis -a linear origin from the lower part of smooth part of tibial during kicking.
-intertrochanteric tuberosity.
-line, spiral line,
- medial lip of linea aspera,
-upper two-third of the medial supra condylar line.
4- Vastus Intermedius the anterior and lateral aspects of the
upper three-fourth of the shaft of femur.
from the anterior surface of the lower part of the into the upper part of the pulls up the synovial membrane a twig from the nerve to
Articularis Genu shaft of the femur. synovial membrane of the upward to prevent its damage when the vastus intermedius.
consists of three or four muscular It lies deep to the vastus intermedius knee joint. knee isextended (it prevents the synovial
membrane from trapping in between the
Branch from femoral
slips
articular surfaces). nerve

Tensor Fasciae Lata

from the outer lip of the iliac crest extending from into the iliotibial tract 3–5 It abducts the hip joint and maintains the The superior gluteal
the anterior superior iliac spine to the tubercle of cm below the level of the extended position of the knee joint through
It is a short thick muscle the crest greater trochanter. the iliotibial tract. nerve.
 By : Alia

Name Origin Insertion Action Nerve supply

Gracilis
The lower half of the body pubis and
adjoining anterior part of the inferior
the upper part of themedial surface of
tibia between the insertions of
-It adducts the thigh.
-it is a flexor of the knee joint and a ‫كلهم ب‬
pubic ramus sartorius (in front) and
semitendinosus
medial rotator of the leg
The Anterior
(behind).------SGS
division of
from the pectineal surface of the along a line extending from the It adducts the thigh at the hip joint
obturator nerve
Pectineus superior ramus of pubis lesser trochanter to the upper end of
the linea aspera Except
Anteriror fibers of
Adductor Longus
a rounded tendon from the front of the middle one-third of the linea a powerful adductor and medial pectineus
the body of pubis just below the pubic aspera rotator of the thigh at the hip joint
tubercle
by Femoral nerve
anterior surface of the body of pubis inserted along a line extending from adducts the thigh at the hip joint
Adductor Brevis and the outer surface of the inferior the lesser trochanter to the upper part
(triangular muscle) ramus of pubis in the interval between of linea aspera
gracilis and obturator externus

The adductor part into the medial margin of gluteal

tuberosity, medial lip of linea aspera,
Adduction and medial rotation of
the thigh at the hip joint.
the posterior division of
arises from the outer surface of and upper part of medial the obturator nerve
Adductor Magnus ischiopubic ramus, mainly from supracondylar line
ramus of ischium.

The ischialpart Into the adductor tubercle by a

rounded tendon, which sends a
weak extensor of the thigh at the hip
joint
the tibial part of the
arises from the inferolateral part of fibrous expansion to the lower part of sciatic nerve
the ischial tuberosity medial suprcondylar line
 By : Alia
the hamstring muscles

Name Origin Insertion Action Nerve supply

Biceps femoris Long head: 1. Chief flexors of the knee ‫كلهم ب‬
joint and weak extensor of
The Tibial
From lower medial part of upper
quadrilateral area of ischial tuberosity
Into the head of the fibula in the hip joint; however, the
front of its styloid process two actions cannot be
Short head:
From lateral lip of the linea aspera
performed maximally at the
same time.
part of the
and from the upper two third ofthe
lateral supracondylar line
2. Hip extensors during
walking on the flat ground
sciatic nerve
(L5; S1, S2)
when the gluteus maximus
Semi tendinosus From the lower medial part Into the upper part of the
exercise minimal activity.
of upper quadrilateral area of medial surface of the tibia
the ischial tuberosity
2. The action of hamstring Except
muscles restricts the range of
motion (ROM) of the hip
flexion when the knee is Short head of Biceps
Semi-membranosus From the upper lateral part of Into the horizontal groove on extended, e.g., during toe femoris
upper quadrilateral area of the posterior aspect of the touching
ischial tuberosity medial condyle of the tibia by the Peroneal
Clinical significance:: If
part of the sciatic
From inferolateral aspect of Into the adductor tubercle
hamstring muscles are paralyzed, the nerve
Ischial part of patient tends to fall forward because
the ischial tuberosity the gluteus maximus muscle cannot
maintain the necessary tone to stand
adductor magnus upright
 By : Alia

*************Major group****************
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve supply action
• Chief extensor /antigravity
1- Gluteal surface of the ilium 1-Superficial 3/4 of posterior of
behind posterior gluteal line iliotibial tract
Inferior gluteal muscle of the hip joint
Gluteus maximus 2-Dorsal surfaces of the sacrum 2-Deep 1/4 of gluteal tuberosity nerve • Assists in getting up from
sitting position up, running &
3- Sacrotuberous ligament of femur
climbing up stairs

Gluteus medius
Gluteal surface of the ilium Oblique ridge on the lateral • Abductor of the hip joint
between anterior and posterior surface of the greater • Prevents the sagging of pelvis on
(fan-shaped muscle) gluteal lines trochanter the unsupported side

Gluteus minimus
Gluteal surfaces of the
Anterior Surface of greater
Superior
gluteal nerve
ilium between anterior abductor of the hip joint
trochanter of femur
(fan-shaped muscle) and inferior gluteal lines

Tensor fasciae Outer lip of the anterior part of

Supports the femur on tibia during
iliac crest (from ASIS to Iliotibial tract
standing position
latae tubercle)

*************Minor group****************
Piriformis
Pelvic surface of the middle three
pieces of sacrum by three digitations
Apex/tip of greater trochanter Ventral rami of S1, S2 ‫كلهم‬
Superior Gemellus
Upper margin of the lesser sciatic
notch
Upper border of the tendon of
obturator internus
Nerve to Obturator
internus
Lateral
Inferior Gemellus
Lower margin of the lesser sciatic
notch
Lower border of the tendon of
obturator internus
Nerve to quadratus
femoris
rotator
 Obturator Internus
Pelvic surface of the Obturator
membrane and surrounding bones
Medial surface of greater trochanter
of femur in front of trochanteric fossa
Nerve to Obturator
internus
of the
thigh at
Quadratus femoris
Lateral border of the ischial
tuberosity
Quadrate tubercle on the
intertrochanteric crest and area
below it
Nerve to quadratus
femoris hip joint
By : Alia

*****Anterior compartment*****
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve supply
-Upper 2/3rd of the lateral surface of -Medial surface of the medial -Dorsiflexion of the ankle
Tibialis anterior
the tibia cuneiform -Inversion of the foot ‫كلهم ب‬
-Adjacent part of the interosseous -Adjoining medial surface of the base -Maintenance of the medial
membrane of the 1st metatarsal longitudinal arch of the foot
the deep
Extensor hallucis -Middle 2/4th of the anterior surface of

peroneal
-Extension of the
the shaft of fibula Base (dorsal surface) of the
phalanges of the big toe
-Adjacent part of theinterosseous distal phalanx of the big to
longus membrane
-Dorsiflexion of the foot

Extensor digitorum -Dorsiflexion of the foot

nerve
Upper 3/4 of the anterior surface of Middle and distal phalanges of the
-Extension of MP, PIP, and DIP joints
and dorsiflex the foot at the
the fibula lateral four toes by four tendons ankle
longus of the lateral four toes

-Lower 1/4th of the anterior surface of

Dorsal surface (medial part)
the fibula
Peroneus tertius
-Dorsiflexion of the foot
of the base of the 5th metatarsal
-Adjacent part of the interosseous -Eversion of the foot
bone
membrane
 By : Alia
*****Lateral compartment*****
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Is the longer, larger, and
-the inferolateral surface of 1. chief evertor of the foot.
more superficial of the two
the 2. Maintenance of the lateral
muscles of thelateral
base of the first metatarsal longitudinal and transverse
peroneus longus compartment
bone archs.
Upper two third of thelateral 3.Weak plantar flexion of the
- the adjacent part of the
surface
medial cuneiform
The superficial ankle
of the shaft of fibula
peroneal
(a) Lower two third of the nerve (L5; S1,S2) 1. It is the evertor of the foot.
Peroneus brevis lateral surface of the shaft of the tubercle on the lateral 2. It maintains the lateral
-lies deep to the peroneus longus.
the fibula. side of the base of the longitudinal arch.
-it is shorter than (peroneus longus) (b) Anterior and posterior fifth metatarsal 3.Weak plantar flexion of the
intermuscular septa of the leg ankle

*****Superficial posterior compartment*****

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
-Medial head arises from popliteal
surface of femur above medial
Gastrocnemius condyle.
-Lateral head arises from a small pit The middle part of
above lateral epicondyle
is a powerful muscle. It has an
the posterior surface of The tibial nerve a. Planterflexion of the ankle joint by
the three muscles.
calcaneus by the tendocalcaneus
inverted U-shaped origin from upper
(tendoachills) (Nerve of the The soleus has a powerful action
while the action of plantaris is
Soleus muscle
part of posterior surface of
fibula, soleal line on posterior surface
of the tibia and middle 1/3 of medial posterior negligible
b. Gastrocnemius flexes the knee joint
border of the tibia.
compartment) when the foot is supported on the
ground as in squatting position.
small muscle may be absent. It arises posterior surface of calcaneus
Plantaris from the popliteal surface of the medial to the tendocalcaneus or
femur above the lateral condyle. attached to tendocalcaneus.
 *****Deep posterior compartment*****
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
It initiates flexion of the knee joint
from the popliteal groove on the from the hyper-extended position.
lateral surface of the lateral condyle - When the foot is supported on the
into the upper part of the
of femur below the lateral a branch from the tibial ground it rotates femur laterally on
Popliteus muscle
posterior surface of the tibia above
epicondyle. This origin lies the tibia to unlock the knee joint.
inside the capsule of the knee joint.
the soleal nerve. - When the leg is unsupported the
line.
So the muscle is intracapsular extra- popliteus rotates the tibia medially on
synovial. the femur laterally on to unlock the
knee joint.

The Flexor The medial part of posterior surface

by four tendons into the planter
1- Planter flexion of the ankle joint.

posterior
surface of the bases of the distal
of the tibia
Digitorum Longus phalanges of the lateral four toes. 2- Supports the longitudinal arches of
the foot.
3- Each muscle has an additional

tibial
specific action:
Flexor hallucis longus
the planter surface of the base of the
the posterior surface of fibula. a. Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexion
distal phalanx of the big toe.
of all joints of the lateral four toes.
b. Flexor hallucis Longus Flexion of
Tibialis posterior -the lateral part of posterior surface of
tibia, posterior surface of fibula
- the interosseous membrane between
all tarsal bones except talus. Its main
insertion is in navicular bone
nerve all joints of the big toe.
c. Tibialis posterior: Inversion of the
foot.
muscle the tibia and the fibula

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve supply action

-by four tendons into
proximal phalanx of big toe
Extensor digitorum Superior surface of the
( the tendon for the big toe is
called extensor hallucis
deep peroneal extends medial 4 toes
brevis Calcaneum
brevis)
-long extensor tendons to
nerve
2nd, 3rd and 4th toes

By : Alia