11069 Series
11070 Series
11071 Series
11072 Series
Cold Root Rolling Tools for
Rotary Shouldered Connections
Informational Guide
Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................... 3
What is Cold Root Rolling? ............................................................................ 3
Why Root Roll Rotary Tapered Connections? ............................................... 7
Why Use CJ Winter's Cold Root Rolling Tools? .............................................. 7
Series Designation and Capacities ................................................................. 9
Works Cited ................................................................................................. 11
Contact Information .................................................................................... 12
CJ Winter May 2018 Page 2
Introduction
Congratulations on your purchase of a CJ Winter Cold Root Rolling Tool. These tools
have been designed specifically for use in the manufacture of Rotary Shouldered
Connections using a CNC lathe. With proper use, these tool will cold root roll threads
compliant with ANSI/API Specification 7.2:2008 and ISO 10424-2:2007, and in
accordance with specifications NS-1 sub-spec 143 and DS-1 (Third Edition, Volume
3.33.6). This manual will help you use and maintain your tool.
What is Cold Root Rolling?
Cold root rolling is the process of burnishing the root radius of a previously cut
thread, in a Rotary Shouldered Connection. A hardened roll, similar in profile to the
thread being manufactured, is placed in contact with the root radius of the tapered
thread, and pressure is applied to force the roller to penetrate into the cut surface
of the root radius, displacing and cold-forming the thread material. This
deformation cold-works the material, imparting an improved surface finish and
compacts and displaces the grains of the root material. Industry experience with the
cold root rolling process has suggested an increase in fatigue life of 3 to 5 times over
similar un-treated connections under the same working environment. Some studies
have noted laboratory results of up to 27 times better life attributable directly to
cold root rolling process (1).
Figure 1: Roll Entering Root Contact
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Figure 2: Roll Fully Engaged at .006" Penetration
Figure 3: Final Result After Elastic Springback
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Various studies have attributed the increase of fatigue life to one or more important
effects of cold root rolling:
1. Cold root rolling imparts a thin zone of residual compressive stress in the
root region. This residual compressive stress offsets the tensile stresses
induced in service, and lowers the overall stress in the critical stress region
of the thread root. Figure 4.0 is an illustration of the typical residual stress
patterns that remain in the part after cold root rolling, as well as the
condition and displacement of material throughout the root rolling process
(Note: the magnitude and depth of the stress plot has been exaggerated
for clarity).
Figure 4: Residual Stress via Burnishing
2. The burnishing effect of the smooth roller on the root radius causes the
small scratches and ridges left by the threading insert to flatten into a more
uniform surface. These scratches have very small tip radii, at the leading edge,
or bottom of the scratch. These small tip radii are considerable stress
concentration factors, in one of the most highly stressed regions of the drill
string connection. As a result, these scratches are the crack propagation
CJ Winter May 2018 Page 5
points for most fatigue failures. Any method that minimizes or eliminates
them enhances fatigue life.
3. Scratches provide prime locations for chemical erosion. The microscopic
surface of a scratch is very jagged and porous, exposing a large surface area,
and numerous molecular bonding sites, to the corrosive effects of liquids
and gasses present in a drill string environment. The burnishing smoothes
this surface, presenting a densely compressed and uniform surface. This
burnishing eliminates outcroppings and inclusions, minimizes surface area,
and inhibits chemical attack.
4. Root rolling the connection has a work-hardening effect on the surface of
the material. On a molecular scale, the displacement of the crystalline
lattice within the steel grain structure causes the crystal structure to
change from a repetitive and uniform atomic structure, to one with many
dislocations in the pattern. These dislocations in the iron matrix cause the
crystal structure to interlock, and become more resistant to further
deformation. This added resistance to deformation at the surface of the
material helps prevent cracks from starting, and helps arrest microscopic
cracks from growing into structural flaws that threaten the integrity of the
joint. In lab studies, cracks that have occurred in cold rolled joints have
exhibited a significantly lower Crack Aspect Ratio (Crack Length/Crack
Depth). A 30% to 50% lower CAR means that cracks in cold root rolled
products are more likely to be deep and short (as illustrated by the crack at
the top of the pipe shown in Figure
5), rather than long and shallow (as
illustrated by the crack at the
bottom). A shallow crack is more
likely to lead to a sudden and
complete structural failure of the
joint. A deep crack that partially
penetrates the section wall is
detectable via pressure drop of
circulating drilling fluids, and allows
for an early recovery of damaged
string prior to complete structural
failure of the joint (1). Figure 5: Crack Aspect Ratio
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Why Root Roll Rotary Tapered Connections?
Cold Root Rolling is a requirement of DS-1 sec. 3.3.66 and NS-1 sub-spec 143, which
require all new and re-cut BHA and HWDP connections with API thread forms to be
Cold Root Rolled.
Cold Root Rolling is also a money saving process. Cold Root Rolling can drastically
increase the fatigue life of each rotary shouldered connection in a typical drill string.
It can also reduce the frequency of repairing connections in the field, and of having
to fish for down-hole failures. With the increasing popularity of extended reach
drilling, multi-lateral wells, "hard rock" and horizontal well applications, the stress
and bending moments being placed on rotary threaded connections, plus the sheer
number of rotary threaded connections being placed into service, is growing each
day (2). With these increased stresses, and increased number of connections, also
comes the increased chance of a down-hole failure of the drill string. T.H. Hill
estimates that the cost of a single down-hole failure can surpass 1 million dollars (3).
With that kind of risk, Cold Root Rolling is cheap insurance, significantly reducing
costly drill-string failures.
Why Use CJ Winter's Cold Root Rolling Tools?
For over 45 years CJ Winter has been an industry leader in supplying thread rolls and
thread rolling tools globally. CJ Winter has used that experience to design tools
specifically for Rotary Shouldered Connections in the Petroleum Industry. We
believe this is the only self-contained, commercially available tool that will cold root
roll threads compliant with ANSI/API Specification 7.2:2008 and ISO 10424-2:2007,
in accordance with NS-1 cold root rolling procedures, and DS-1 Third Edition, Volume
3.33.6. Our in-house engineering staff is always available to assist with any technical
manufacturing situation.
The CJ Winter cold root rolling tools and rolls also have some unique advantages.
This tool does not require an external power device to pressurize the roller piston.
No hoses to tangle, no shut-off valves to leak, no manual pumps to lose. The only
thing required to pressurize this tool is socket wrench.
This tool does not require an external accumulator to roll the run-out thread. It is
a requirement of both NS-1 and DS-1 to maintain full pressure on the roller until the
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last remnant of the run-out thread (4). This requirement either forces perfect
synchronization of the retraction of the cutting tool and roller, or an accumulator to
allow the roller to retract into the holder body. Since perfect synchronization can
be exceedingly difficult, the CJ Winter holder comes standard with an integral
accumulator to allow for the extra roller travel in this critical region.
The rolls in this tool cannot be loaded incorrectly. Rotary Tapered Connections use
threads that are tapered. The rolls and roll pins on a Cold Rolling tool are tipped
slightly to minimize side forces on the rolls and tool components as they travel up
that taper. Because the form on a standard API roll is not symmetric, assembly
orientation is critical. When using OEM supplied rolls with the EPL® system (Error
Proof Loading® - Patents Pending), rolls CANNOT be loaded backwards. Unlike other
tools, you do not rely on an imprecise and often over-looked, visual verification of
the 5° skew on the thread form. The EPL system uses an asymmetric hub system
where the hub on one side of the roll is larger than the other. The asymmetric hubs
work in conjunction with a step in the roll holder to create Step/Hub interference if
the user attempts to load the roll backwards. This eliminates this all too common
mistake that can ruin a Rotary Shouldered Connection, and require a connection to
be re-cut, or discarded.
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This tool requires no conversion between the values of hydraulic pressure, and
roller force. To simplify the process and reduce the chance for a damaging error,
the numerical values of the pressure gauge are the same for both PSI and Lbs force.
Because we designed our working piston to be Ø1.128", which has an area of 1.00
in2, no confusing lookup table is required to convert 1 PSI to 1 pound of force.
The supplied pressure gauge is liquid filled, and
comes equipped with max indicating pointer so
values can be observed after the cycle is complete,
rather than during cycle with moving parts and
coolant spraying about the lathe. The liquid filled
gauge is IP67 rated against coolant ingress, and
comes with NIST traceable certification from CJ
Winter.
Series Designation and Capacities
There are currently 4 standard series of CJWinter Cold Root Rolling tools.
The 11069-SA series is a miniature bore-bar style, box rolling tool, designed to share
all the advantages of the larger cold rolling tools, but in a smaller package.
The 11069-SA Series will roll standard API Rotary Shouldered BOX
connections in the following ranges:
NC31 thru NC38
3-1/2 thru 4-1/2 REG
2-7/8 to 3-1/2 IF
3-1/2 to 4-1/2 FH
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The 11070-SA series is a full-size, bore-bar style, box rolling tool.
The 11070-SA series will roll standard API Rotary Shouldered BOX
connections in the following ranges:
NC38 thru NC77
4-1/2 REG thru 8-5/8 REG
3-1/2 thru 6-5/8 IF
5-1/2 FH and 6-5/8 FH
The 11071-SA series is a bore-bar style, PIN rolling tool, designed for machines with
limited OD tool-holding capabilities.
The 11071-SA series will roll ALL std. API Rotary Shouldered PIN
connections.
The 11072-SA series is a square-shank OD-style PIN rolling tool, designed for
machines with square-shank tool-holding turrets. This low-profile tool presents the
wheel in a more conventional, OD-turning configuration.
The 11072-SA series will roll ALL std. API Rotary Shouldered PIN
connections.
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Works Cited
1. Fatigue life improvement of threaded connections by cold rolling. Knight,
M.J., Brennan, F.P. and Dover, W.D. 2, September 30, 2004, Journal of Strain
Analysis, Vol. 40, pp. 83-93. DOI: 10.1243/030932405X7818.
2. An Experimental Investigation of Fatigue-Crack Growth in Drillstring
Tubulars. Dale, B.A. 4, s.l. : Society of Petroleum Engineers, December 1998, SPE
Drilling Engineering, Vol. 3. 15559-PA.
3. T.H. Hill Associates, Inc. Engineering Solutions - Failure Analysis.
www.thhill.com. [Online] [Cited: February 13, 2012.]
http://www.thhill.com/engineering_services/documents/failure_analysis.pdf.
4. Tom H. Hill, P.E., et al. Standard DS-1. 3 Drill Stem Inspection. s.l. : T.H. Hill
Associates, January 2004. Vol. 3.
5. API(American Petroleum Institute). Specification for Threading and
Gauging of Rotary Shouldered Thread Connections. s.l. : API Publishing Services,
December 1, 2008. ANSI/API 7-2.
6. Douglas, Jim. "Prevent Rotary Shouldered Failures." April 13, 2011,
American Association of Drilling Engineers. AADE-11-NTCE-31
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Contact Information
167 Ames Street | Rochester, NY 14611 p:
800.288.7655 | f: 585.429.5095
http://cjwinter.com/ | http://www.coldrootrolling.com/
CJ Winter Machine Technologies, Inc. is a Brinkman Products company.
Brinkman Products is a part of the Brinkman International Group. Please
visit all of our companies via our website below.
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