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Chapter 3 talks about the profound cultural art of persuasion which requires a different approach. The
difference in persuasion culture in the mixed reactions that Williams and Hupert received can be attributed to
the opposing thinking methods of German and American persuasion. The German approach is based on an
argumentative style that analyzes all theoretical data before applying it to practice, while the Americans place
more emphasis on practice and form two methods of reasoning.
Reasoning 1: principle-based (deductive reasoning) drawing factual conclusions from general principles or
concepts.
Emphasis on teaching methods of school systems in Anglo-Saxon countries
Theory 2: application preference (inductive inference), general conclusions are made based on observed
models from the real world.
Emphasizes teaching methods of school systems in Latin Europe (France, Italy, Spain, Portugal), Germany
(Germany, Austria), and Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Argentina).
Most people are capable of practicing both principled reasoning and applied to reason first. But heavily
influenced by the type of thinking emphasized in your culture's educational structure, the two styles of
habitual reasoning evolve and problems arise as they approach each other.
-On the concentration scale, given the importance and power of cultural relativism in shaping our
perceptions, a given country’s position on the scale is less important than the position of two countries.
Cultures relative to each other. Example: Compared to other European cultures, the UK is quite the preferred
application. But when comparing the UK with the US, it seems stronger on the principle of precedence
-The culture of persuasion from 2 different styles of argument partly due to its philosophical origin has
influenced the approach to intellectual life in general and science in particular.
From the difficulty of cross-cultural thinking in persuasion, the right strategies for avoiding conflict and being
ineffective are to cycle between theoretical principles and practical examples. economic. By being aware of
the Persuasion scale and the challenges it presents, you can read signals from your audience more clearly and
react accordingly. Across the West, we see a stark difference between the two backward ways of thinking. But
when looking at the difference between Asian and Western ways of thinking, we need to use a different lens
due to the influence of philosophical origins in other countries. Asians have what we call holistic thinking
models (dialectical thinking), such as Chinese religions and philosophies which have traditionally emphasized
interdependence and interconnectedness with each other. together. Westerners tend to take a concrete
approach. A common tenet of Western philosophies and religions is that you can remove an item from its
environment and analyze it separately. (metaphysical approach). Each culture will have different
management methods to improve work efficiency. In a particular culture, you need to motivate, manage, or
convince people with your very detailed information, job segments, and performance expectations. In holistic
cultures, you will have to spend a lot of time explaining the big picture and showing how all the pieces fit
together. Besides the challenges posed by cross-cultural collaboration, it also offers a lot of benefits and two
simple tips that can help you realize the benefits of collaboration
First, in a multicultural team, you can save time by having as few people on your multicultural team as
possible.
Second, think carefully about your larger goals before mixing cultures. If your goal is innovation or creativity,
the more culturally diverse the better, as long as the process is carefully managed.
