Structured Data type: ARRAY
Objectives:
• What is Array?
• What is subscript?
• Types of Array
• 1-D Array
• Memory Representation of 1-D Array
• Program to Linear Search an element in an Array.
• String as an Array
• 2-D Array
• Processing 2-D Array
contd…
• Memory Representation of 2-D Array
• Program to check equality of two matrices.
• Array of Strings
What is Array?
• In C, all arrays consist of contiguous memory locations.
• The lowest address corresponds to the first element and the highest
address to the last element.
• Arrays are the way to group a number of items into a larger unit.
• Array can have data items of simple types like int or float, or even of
user-defined types like structures.
What is subscript?
• The element number in [] are called subscripts or indices.
• The subscript, or index of an element designates its position in the
array’s ordering.
• The subscript of the lowest position always starts from 0 and the
highest position is always size of the array – 1.
Types of Array
• There are 2 types of Array:
• one-dimensional arrays, comprised of finite homogeneous elements.
• two-dimensional arrays, comprised of elements, each of which is
itself an array.
1-D Array
• A simplest form of an array.
• syntax:
• type array-name[size];
• example:
• int marks[50];
• In order to initialize particular element in an array use subscript, i.e.
• marks[0]=89; //the first element of an array marks is 89
contd…
• In order to take input user-input in bulk use for loop, i.e.
• for(i=0; i<50; ++i)
• scanf(“%d”, &marks[i]);
• //where i in the loop starts from the subscript 0 and ends at 50-1
• Similarly, you can print the value using for loop.
Memory Representation of 1-D Array
• example:
• char grade[8];
• The memory of the above would look like:
g[0] g[1] g[2] g[3]
2001 2002 2003 2004 grade
addresses
Base Address
contd…
• int age[5];
age[0] age[1] age[2] age[3] age[4]
5000 5002 5004 5006 5008
• Because of the size of the int beign 2 bytes the address will also skip.
• In order to calculate the total size of an array:
• total bytes=sizeof(type)*size of array
• bn=sizeof(int)*5; //bn=10 bytes
Program to Linear Search an element in an
Array.
• You’ll require:
• an array arr[50] to store the data of integer type of size 50.
• item that need to be searched in the given array.
• N to give the actual number of elements that need to be stored
in an array.
• an i for the loop
• and an index to get the position of the item that has been found.
contd…
9. void main()
1. int Lsearch(int a[], int size, int
item) 10. { int arr[50], N, item, index,i;
2. { int i; 11. printf(“enter the desired
size of elements:\n”);
3. for(i=0; i<size; i++)
12. scanf(“%d”,&N);
4. { if(a[i]==item)
13. printf(“Enter Array
5. return i; elements:\n”);
6. } 14. for(i=0;i<N;++i)
7. return -1; 15. { scanf(“%d”,&arr[i]);
8. } 16. }
contd…
17. printf(“Enter element to be
searched for:\n”);
18. scanf(“%d”,&item);
19. index=Lsearch(arr, N, item);
20. if(index==-1)
21. printf(“could not found
the item”);
22. else
23. printf(“Found in
position: %d ”, index+1);
24. }
String as an Array
• In C, string is defined as a character array that terminated by null(‘\0’)
character.
• For this reason, the character arrays are declared one character
longer than the largest string they can hold.
• For instance, to declare an array strng that holds a 10-character
string, you would write:
• char strng[11];
note*- “Stream of characters is known as String”
contd…
• In C, in order to take use-input either you can use for loop.
• But, more better option would be to use “%s”.
• char name[30];
• scanf(“%s”,&name);
Write a C program to reverse the string.
