MATH04

Pre-Calculus
Course Outcome 3
Lesson 1: Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Trigonometric Function In a Unit Circle
We can define the trigonometric functions using the unit circle, using
the same concept as we used in right triangles.

Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3koyLj7 Retrieved from https://bit.ly/39iLMV1

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
Now, from that definition, we will define the function having the input
be the angle 𝜃 (in radian measure) and the output be the value of the
specific trigonometric function.
Ex. 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 𝑦 = cos 𝑥
The graphs of these functions can be understood by providing values of
the angle and determining the corresponding output.

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function

Retrieved from http://www.rasmus.is/uk/t/F/Su36k05.htm

Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2XvzPIQ

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
Trigonometric functions are periodic function. Periodic function is a
function that repeats its values at a regular interval.

This means that we can describe the behavior of the graphs of

trigonometric function by using only 1 period, as the behavior will just
repeat.

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
The trigonometric functions can be graphed on a rectangular
coordinate system by plotting the points whose coordinates belong to
the function.

But the easier way to graph trigonometric functions is by using the

properties of each function.

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
Basic Properties of Sine Function: 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
Domain: All Real Numbers
Range: 𝑦 − 1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1}
Period: 2𝜋
Symmetry: With respect to the origin
x-intercepts: At multiples of 𝜋
Graph of 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 and 𝒚 = −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
Basic Properties of Cosine Function: 𝒚=𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
Domain: All Real Numbers
Range: {𝑦| − 1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1}
Period: 2𝜋
Symmetry: With respect to the y-axis
x-intercepts: At odd multiples of 𝜋/2
Graph of 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 and 𝒚 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
Amplitude and Period of Sinusoidal Graphs
• The word sinusoidal means “resembling the sine function”.
• Any graphs of the form y = sin x or y = cos x are referred to as sinusoidal functions

For sinusoidal functions of the form 𝑦 = asin(𝑏𝑥) and 𝑦 = acos(𝑏𝑥), the amplitude is the |a|.
When 𝑎 < 1, the graph is compressed in the vertical direction, and when 𝑎 > 1, the graph is
stretched in the vertical direction.

Period of Sinusoidal functions

2𝜋
For sinusoidal functions of the form 𝑦 = asin 𝑏𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥, the period is .
|𝑏|
When 0 < 𝑏 < 1, the graph is stretched in the horizontal direction, and when 𝑏 > 1, the graph is
compressed in the horizontal direction.

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
Note:
Assuming c is a positive constant, we graph the functions using horizontal and
vertical translations (shifts) in the following way
• To graph f(x+c) shift f(x) to the left c units
• To graph f(x-c), shift f(x) to the right c units
• To graph f(x) + d, shift f(x) up d units
• To graph f(x) –d, shift f(x) down c units

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
Properties of Graph of 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒙 − 𝒄 + 𝒅 and 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒙 − 𝒄 + 𝒅
Amplitude: 𝐴 = |𝑎|
2𝜋
Period: 𝑃 =
𝑏
𝑃
Interval: 𝐼 =
4
𝑐
Starting Point of One Cycle:
𝑏
𝑐 2𝜋
Ending Point of One Cycle: +
𝑏 𝑏
Vertical Shift: 𝑉𝑆 = 𝑑
𝑐
Phase Shift: 𝑃𝑆 =
𝑏

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
I. Determine the amplitude, period, phase shift and vertical shift of each function.
Sketch the graph over one period interval.
π
1. y = 3 sin 2x −
2

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
I. Determine the amplitude, period, phase shift and vertical shift of each function. Sketch the graph over one
period interval. 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
+ =
1. y = 3 sin 2x −
π 4 4 2
2 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
+ =
𝜋 2 4 4
𝑎 = 3 ; 𝑏 = 2; 𝑐 = 2 ; 𝑑 = 0 3𝜋 𝜋
+ =𝜋
Amplitude: 𝐴 = 3 = 3 4 4
𝜋 5𝜋
2𝜋 𝜋+ =
Period: 𝑃 = =𝜋 4 4
2
𝜋 Vertical Shift: 𝑉𝑆 = 0
Interval: 𝐼 = 4
𝜋
2 𝜋
Phase shift: 𝑃𝑆 = =
2 4
𝜋
2 𝜋
Starting Point of One Cycle: 2 = 4
𝜋 5𝜋
Ending Point of One Cycle: 4 + 𝜋 = 4

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
I. Determine the amplitude, period, phase shift and vertical shift of each function.
Sketch the graph over one period interval.
𝜋
2. 𝑦 = −2 cos 𝑥 + 2 + 1

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
I. Determine the amplitude, period, phase shift and vertical shift of each function. Sketch the graph over one
period interval.
𝜋 𝜋
𝜋 − + =0
2 2
2. 𝑦 = −2 cos 𝑥 + 2 + 1 𝜋 𝜋
0+2 = 2
𝜋
𝑎 = −2 ; 𝑏 = 1; 𝑐 = − 2 ; 𝑑 = 1 𝜋 𝜋
+ =𝜋
2 2
Amplitude: 𝐴 = −2 = 2 𝜋 3𝜋
2𝜋
𝜋 + 2
= 2
Period:𝑃 = 1 = 2𝜋
Vertical Shift: 𝑉𝑆 = 1
2𝜋 𝜋
Interval:𝐼 = 4 = 2
𝜋
2 𝜋
Phase shift: 𝑃𝑆 = =
1 2
𝜋
−2 𝜋
Starting Point of One Cycle: 1 = − 2
𝜋 3𝜋
Ending Point of One Cycle:− 2 + 2𝜋 = 2

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
I. Determine the amplitude, period, phase shift and vertical shift of each function.
Sketch the graph over one period interval.
𝜋
2. 𝑦 = −4 sin 2𝑥 − 4 − 2

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
I. Determine the amplitude, period, phase shift and vertical shift of each function. Sketch the graph over one
period interval.
𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
𝜋 + =
2. 𝑦 = −4 sin 2𝑥 − 4 − 2 8 4 8
3𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋
+ =
𝜋 8 4 8
𝑎 = −4 ; 𝑏 = 2; 𝑐 = 4 ; 𝑑 = −2 5𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋
+ =
8 4 8
Amplitude: 𝐴 = −4 = 4
7𝜋 𝜋 9𝜋
2𝜋
8
+ 4
= 8
Period:𝑃 = 2 = 𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 Vertical Shift: 𝑉𝑆 = −2
Interval:𝐼 = 4 = 4
𝜋
4 𝜋
Phase shift: 𝑃𝑆 = =
2 8
𝜋
4 𝜋
Starting Point of One Cycle: 2 = 8
𝜋 9𝜋
Ending Point of One Cycle: 8 + 𝜋 = 8

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
Basic Properties of 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙
𝜋
Domain: All real numbers except odd multiples of 2
Range: All real numbers
𝜋 𝜋
Period: 𝜋 (the graph completes one cycle on the interval − 2 < 𝑥 < 2 )
Symmetry: With respect to the origin
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: at multiples of 𝜋
𝜋
Vertical Asymptotes: odd multiples of 2
The graph has no defined amplitude, since the function is unbounded.

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
Basic Properties of 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙
Domain: All real numbers except multiples of 𝜋
Range: All real numbers
Period: 𝜋 (the graph completes one cycle on the interval 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋)
Symmetry: With respect to the origin
𝜋
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: at odd multiples of 2
Vertical Asymptotes: at multiples of 𝜋
The graph has no defined amplitude, since the function is unbounded.

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
Basic Properties of 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒙
Domain: All real numbers except multiples of 𝜋
Range: 𝑦 𝑦 ≥ 1, 𝑦 ≤ −1
Period: 2𝜋
Symmetry: With respect to the origin
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: none
Vertical Asymptotes: at multiples of 𝜋
The graph has no defined amplitude, since the function is unbounded.

shs.mapua.edu.ph
Graphs of Trigonometric Function
Basic Properties of 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙
𝜋
Domain: All real numbers except odd multiples of
2
Range:{𝑦|𝑦 ≥ 1, 𝑦 ≤ −1}
Period: 2𝜋
Symmetry: With respect to y-axis
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: none
𝜋
Vertical Asymptotes: at odd multiples of
2
The graph has no defined amplitude, since the function is unbounded.

shs.mapua.edu.ph
shs.mapua.edu.ph