Class 7

Geography chapter 11

Exercise

Fill in the blanks

1. Wind, Sun, Water are examples of renewable energy resources.

2. Solar cells use the power supplied by the sun.
3. Geothermal energy is the heat of the Interiors of the sun.
4. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are fossil fuels.
5. Anthracite is the coal with the highest percentage of carbon.

Match the following

1. Solar energy – Sun

2. Hydroelectricity – Water
3. Coal – Non-renewable
4. Wind – Wind mill
5. Farakka barrage – Ganga

Choose the correct answer

1. Photovoltaic cells use the energy of sun.

2. Hydroelectricity is obtained by using water
3. Wind mills have been used for many centuries in the Netherlands
4. The coal that has the highest percentage of carbon is anthracite.
5. The Bhakra-Nangal Dam is situated on the river Satluj.

True or false

1. Coal and petroleum are renewable energy resources. False

2. Renewable energy resources have limited supply in nature. False
3. China, USA, and Spain are major producers of wind energy. True
4. Coal takes millions of years to form. True
5. The Sardar Sarovar Dam is built on the river Narmada. True

Answer the following in brief

1. What are renewable energy resources?

Ans: Renewable energy resources are energy resources that can be regenerated after use
in a relatively short span of time such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy
(energy from the heat of the earth) and tidal energy.
2. What is the main difference between renewable and non-renewable energy resources?
Ans: Non-renewable energy resources are limited while renewable energy resources are
unlimited.
3. What is tidal energy?
Ans: Tidal energy is an inexhaustible source of energy. It is energy generated from ocean
tides. High tides in coastal areas are used to generate power. Tidal energy is generated
free of cost.
4. Which countries are major producers of wind power in the world?
 Ans: Countries like China, USA, Germany, and Spain are the leading wind power-producing
nations in the world.
5. What is biogas? How is it useful to us?
Ans: Animal waste and all other kinds of organic waste material generated by households
each day are converted into biogas. This gas is an excellent source of cheap power for
small-scale usage.
6. What are fossil fuels?
Ans: Fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which belong to this category,
will get depleted fast if they are not used with caution.
7. Name a few major producers of petroleum in the world.
Ans: The main oil producing areas are the Gulf countries including Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran,
USA, Venezuela, Algeria and Russia.

Answer the following in one or two paragraphs

1. Give an account of the use of solar energy.

Ans: Solar cells are used for lighting street lamps, in electronic calculators, watches, smart
phones, cameras, traffic signals, water pumps and home lighting. Solar energy is also used
to heat ovens, cook food, and heat water.
2. How is hydroelectricity generated?
Ans: The word ‘hydro’ means water and hydroelectricity is the energy obtained using
water. It is produced when water falls from a height under the force of gravity. The falling
water is used to turn the wheels of a large turbine that generates electricity.
3. Explain briefly geothermal energy.
Ans: Geothermal energy is the energy generated by harnessing the heat in the interiors of
the earth. The earth has very hot materials below the crust. They heat up groundwater to
produce hot water and steam. This hot water and steam gush up in many places as springs
and geysers, which may be used to run turbines to generate electricity.
4. What do you know about wind energy?
Ans: Wind is used to produce electricity which people the world over greatly depend on.
When the wind blows, it turns the three large blades of the windmill, which are attached
to turbine. The turbine, which is connected to a generator, converts the energy of the
wind into electrical energy.
5. Describe the four major types of coal.
Ans: Depending on the carbon content, there are four types of coal:
Anthracite: is the best quality coal since it has almost 90 percent carbon.
Bituminous: coal is the second-best coal with 65 to 70 percent carbon.
Lignite: is a poor-quality coal with a carbon content of around 60 percent.
Peat: has very little carbon, is not fully formed and gives little heat and a lot of smoke on
burning.
6. Write a short note on nuclear power.
Ans: Nuclear power is also known as atomic energy. The disintegration of radioactive
elements such as uranium and thorium releases nuclear power. Nuclear power is the
energy obtained either through fusion or fission. The process of splitting of atoms to
obtain nuclear energy is called fission. The process of combining two atoms to produce
nuclear energy is called fusion.
7. Write about hydroelectric projects in India.
Ans: Bhakra-Nangal Dam: It is built on the river Satluj in Himachal Pradesh and is the
largest dam in India.
 Damodar Valley Project: It is built on the river Damodar. It includes a number of dams that
provide water for irrigation to West Bengal.
Farakka Barrage: It is built on the river Ganga in West Bengal. It supplies water to West
Bengal and Bangladesh.
Sardar-Sarovar Dam: It is built on the river Narmada. It provides water to the dry areas of
Gujarat and Rajasthan.
Hirakud Dam: It is built on the river Mahanadi in Odisha and is the longest dam in India.
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam: The Nagarjuna Sagar Dam on the river Krishna is located on the
border between Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
The Idukki Dam: is built on the river Periyar in Kerala.
8. Why do we need to conserve our energy resources?
Ans: Conservation of energy is important, especially the conservation of conventional
energy resources that may get exhausted in this century itself. With growing demands due
to increasing population, we are overusing and wasting them. It is important that we soon
find ways to use non-conventional sources of power as there is no danger of them being
exhausted in our lifetime.

Picture study

1. Wind energy
2. South