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 1711

THE

AGAMEMNON OF ÆSCHYLUS

LORD CARNARVON

JIJIJIJIJ
Gag. 551.

SIGILL

C
O
L
L
CHRISTO

ARV
ARD
I
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BOUGHT WITH
THE INCOME FROM

THE BEQUEST OF
CHARLES MINOT,
OF SOMERVILLE,
(Class of 1828, )

3Aug. , 1882.
MER
FAL
CA
+
AGAMEMNON.
 )
•

AGAMEMNON .

TRANSLATED FROM ÆSCHYLUS.

BY t
Bing Gerard Be
THE EARL OF CARNARVON.

LONDON :

JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.

1879.
 9.
Ga 55
1.

18
in82 Ab
uug. 3.
ot
, nd.

BRAD WHITE
BURY, AGNEW, & CO. , PRINTERS, FRIAR
S.
LOND
ON
 PREFACE.

IN adding one more to the many trans

lations of this -the greatest perhaps of all

ancient tragedies -it is unnecessary for me

to say anything of its scope and character.

This has already been done by distinguished

scholars, and little remains to be accom

plished in the way of annotation , conjecture,

or emendation. But it is perhaps desirable

that I should very briefly explain the

principles which have more or less guided

me in the composition of this little volume.

For the sake, too , of English readers,

whose knowledge or recollections of the plot

may not be quite clear, it is perhaps well

to recapitulate the principal facts on which

b
vi Preface.

this drama is based. The story, indeed , varies

in the old Greek writers ; but the legend

adopted by Æschylus is briefly this :

Atreus, king of Argos, and Thyestes were

brothers, sons of Pelops and grandsons of

Tantalus. Thyestes seduced the wife of his

brother Atreus, who in turn drove him into

banishment, but before long recalled him

under the pretence of forgiveness and re

conciliation, to inflict upon him the horrible

retribution of a banquet, at which he was

induced to eat the flesh of his own murdered

children .

From this fiendish atrocity spring the long

succession of crime begetting crime and the

curse which is ever calling for atonement

and never receiving satisfaction ; and on

this idea, so familiar to Greek dramatists

and audiences, rests the story of this gloomy

and magnificent play. In revenge for this

cruelty perpetrated on his father Thyestes,

 Preface. vii

Ægisthus seduces Clytemnestra, the wife of

Agamemnon, during his absence at the siege

of Troy, and with her aid and by her hand

murders Agamemnon on his return home.

The character of Ægisthus is represented

as base, cowardly, treacherous ; that of Aga

memnon, haughty, unattractive though unsus

picious ; whilst that of Clytemnestra is perhaps

one of the grandest combinations of masculine

capacity, lofty indifference to insult, subtle

and unscrupulous resolve, that ancient or

modern poetry can show.

She has often been compared to Lady Mac

beth, and making due allowance for the

necessary difference in the conception of

classical and modern character, the comparison

seems no unfair one. And as the only affec

tion and loyalty in Lady Macbeth are given

to her husband , so the only softness in

Clytemnestra's character is reserved for

Ægisthus .
62
viii Preface.

In one passage indeed she alleges a pretext

for the murder of Agamemnon in his consent

to the sacrifice of their daughter Iphigeneia, at

the instance of the prophet Calchas, who had

declared that a virgin's blood could alone

release the wind-bound fleet of the Greek

heroes in the harbour of Aulis ; but the pre

text hardly rises in gravity to a plea of self

defence. It is rather a bitter sarcasm thrown

out against her murdered husband by one

who is indifferent alike to its acceptance or

rejection.

The reference to the fate of Iphigeneia- the

omens which presage it—the exquisite descrip

tion of the sacrifice, which have inspired at least

two beautiful allusions in Latin and English

poetry- all these are introduced as the shadows

of coming events, darkening the mind of the

bystanders and preparing them for the final

catastrophe, rather than as offering apology or

justification for Clytemnestra's act.

 Preface. ix

The scene is laid at Argos in front of the

Palace of Agamemnon in the early morning,

and the Chorus consists of Argive elders, who

have held the office of a Council of State

during the absence of the Sovereign.

In translating into English verse this great

Play, I have sought, whilst adhering as near

as I could to the sense of the original, so to

render the words and phrases that they should

be readily understood by any ordinary English

reader, assuming only that he is acquainted

with the story on which the drama is founded .

For this reason, where I have had to choose

between an exact rendering which would be

unintelligible to any but a scholar, and the freer

translation which would commend itself to one

wholly ignorant of Greek, I have chosen the

latter.

I am therefore conscious of some occasional

divergence from the original ; but I have en

deavoured to avoid any alteration of the general

X Preface.

sense, and to refrain from importing foreign

ideas into the English version. My hope is

that the divergence from the text, wherever it

occurs, is not great, and that in spite of its

imperfections there may remain enough in this

translation to interest those ordinary English

readers to whom , from ignorance of Greek, the

literature of that wonderful language lies in a

sealed book .

I have been anticipated in this work by many

translators, and by some very eminent in the

paths of literature. I have read many of these

translations, and often with admiration ; but

I have sought to avoid all imitation , and I

have desired not even to dwell long or closely

on them, from a natural fear that some of the

felicitous expressions which they contain might

exercise a too great influence on my mind. As

far as I am aware, this translation is, with

all its defects, one for which I alone am

responsible.
 Preface. xi

With regard to the Choruses, I believe it to

be simply impossible for any but a poet as great

as the author of this drama himself to render

them with an approach to their real force

perhaps, it may be added, that in no other

language could the same ideas receive their

full poetical expression at all . Independently

of the obscurity of some passages, and of the

poetry in other parts which is of the highest

order, there is a compression of thought within

a narrow compass which defies translation in

anything like an equal number of words, whilst

in addition to all other peculiarities there is

a weird and ghostly strain running through

every chorus from first to last, which gives

them a character of their own , and which is

far beyond reproduction or imitation .

The question whether or no the choruses

when reduced to English should take a

rhyming form has, I suppose, perplexed many

translators. Rhymes were unknown to ancient

xii Preface.

poetry ; their origin is to be found in Christian

thought, as their subsequent history is inter

woven with the life of the Christian world ,

and therefore their application to a Greek

chorus seems to be more or less of an incon

sistency. I have, however, decided to follow

the example set by almost all Æschylean

translators , and to render them in rhyming

verses.

At the same time I have not invariably

adhered to this rule. Thus at the close of one

chorus, and in the earlier dialogue between

Cassandra and the Chorus, I have employed

ordinary blank verse, partly because in that.

portion of the dialogue the iambic was mingled

with the lyrical lines, and partly because

on the whole the character of the speeches.

seemed to me to lend itself to the longer and

more regular versification. As, however, the

dialogue proceeded I thought it desirable to

adopt the lyrical form. I was, perhaps,

 Preface. xiii

further led to my general conclusion on this

subject by reflecting how few satisfactory ex

amples there are in English poetry of lyrical

but un-rhyming verse, such as those that I

66 Thalaba," whose rhythm
contemplated. In

Southey has defended in no doubtful terms,

and in the " Curse of Kehama," specimens are

indeed to be found worthy of high admiration ;

but whatever their intrinsic merits may be they

have at least this serious defect, that they have

entirely failed to conciliate to themselves popu

lar favour ; they are now barely read, and they

are certainly not known as they deserve to be.

In Walter Scott's " Pirate," the runes chaunted

by Norna are very fine, both in poetic thought

and in composition, but they are essentially

Scandinavian in character, and can hardly, I

think, be adopted as models for a Greek Chorus .

The late Lord Lytton's translations of the

Horatian Odes, supposing that they were

suited to an Eschylean Chorus, are probably

 Ga 9.551.

1882, Aug. 3 .

cinot fund.

LONDON
BRADBURY, AGNEW, & Co., PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS.

I
 PREFACE.

IN adding one more to the many trans

lations of this—the greatest perhaps of all

ancient tragedies- it is unnecessary for me

to say anything of its scope and character.

This has already been done by distinguished

scholars, and little remains to be accom

plished in the way of annotation , conjecture,

or emendation. But it is perhaps desirable

that I should very briefly explain the

principles which have more or less guided

me in the composition of this little volume.

For the sake, too , of English readers,

whose knowledge or recollections of the plot

may not be quite clear, it is perhaps well

to recapitulate the principal facts on which

b
xiv Preface.

not amongst the most successful works of that

gifted and graceful writer ; and even the famous

rendering by Milton of the fifth Ode of the

first Book of Horace has always seemed to

me to owe more to the name of its great

author than to any rhythm or melody of its

own.

Conscious, therefore, of the hopeless diffi

culties inherent in the task, not less than of my

own imperfect mode of attempting it, I have

accepted rather than adopted the old and con

ventional form .

I scarcely know if I ought to apologize for

my use of the Latin names of the Divinities,

when the distinct tendency of recent transla

tors is towards the Greek and unquestion

ably the more correct nomenclature. I am

of course aware that the Greek Zeus and

the Latin Jupiter express to a scholar entirely

different ideas. It is possible that the day

may come when an average English reader

 Preface. XV

may be sensible of the distinction ; but that

time is as yet distant, and whilst Zeus repre

sents nothing to him, Jupiter does convey

some notion, though often an inexact and

imperfect one. Even Mr. Grote- addressing

himself to students and scholars- thought it

necessary to preface his History of Greece by a

glossary of Latin equivalents in explanation of

the Greek names which he has used .

Milton not only uses those Latin equivalents

but places them occasionally side by side with

the Greek names . So again Pope. He wrote

before the days of these finer distinctions of

modern criticism , but the absence of them in

his Iliad and Odyssey has not injuriously

affected that great work ; and I feel sure that

Lord Derby's spirited translation has gained

by the use of the Latin and more familiar

nomenclature.

It is of course a choice of difficulties ; and

one difficulty in connection with this question I

xvi Preface.

may perhaps instance in the rendering of the

word " Até." It plays a remarkable part in

the greatest Greek dramas, and it represents

one of the grandest, most sombre , and most

poetical of all the ideas of Greek Mythology.

But it has no precise equivalent in Latin , and ,

though the word is consecrated by Shakspeare,

the idea is without a real counterpart in English .

The word itself in this very Play is used in

several distinct senses ; sometimes as the ances

tral curse, sometimes as the Fiend who presides

over the fortunes of the House, sometimes as

the frenzy which leads men to the commission

of crime, and sometimes as the woe which is

the result of that crime. I have thought it

best to express the value of these different

meanings as I best might, without confining

myself to the use of a particular word which

would seem of necessity to an English reader

to carry with it one single idea.

I ought perhaps to add that I have generally

 Preface. xvii

followed Dindorf's text, and have refrained

from foot- notes in explanation of the particular

renderings which in doubtful passages I have

adopted. I may, however, say that I have had

a reason- whether sufficient or not others must

judge for such renderings.

With these few observations I must commit

to the winds and waves of possible criticism

this slight attempt to render into English a

very great and noble drama. That it has

been written during the fugitive moments of a

scanty leisure, and that it has undergone far

less revision and correction than was its due, are,

I am aware, no excuses for its many imperfec

tions ; that it has been a source of great pleasure

to me, associating itself with solitary walks and

railway journeys, is perhaps a better reason—

but be the justification what it may, I can only

now submit it as an insignificant and humble

offering to the memory of that old University

teaching, which, whatever may be the troubles

xviii Preface.

of private or the controversies of public life,

loses none of its charm as men grow older, and

to which I at least shall always cling with

grateful affection .
C.
March, 1879.
 PERSONS REPRESENTED.

AGAMEMNON, King of Argos.

ÆGISTHUS, Cousin to Agamemnon .
CHORUS of Argive Elders.
HERALD.
WATCHMAN.

CLYTEMNESTRA, Wife to Agamemnon.

CASSANDRA, Daughter to King Priam.

SCENE.-Argos, in front of Agamemnon's Palace.

TIME. -Early morning.
1
 AGAMEMNON .

WATCHMAN.

YEAR after year and night on night I keep

On the Atreida's roof, like house-dog true,
My weary watch and scan the host of heaven—

Bright powers that shine along the sky, and bring

Or summer's heat or winter's cold to men

Craving the Gods some respite of my toil .

And still I watch to see the beacon's blaze

Redden the sky and tell the welcome tale

That Troy is fallen . So wills my mistress -She
Who in men's counsels bears no woman's heart.

And when upon this couch of mine I lie

Wet with the dews of night, and close my eyes,

'Tis but a fitful and a feverish rest,

Unbless'd by dreams and scared by things of

dread.
B
2 Agamemnon .

Or if like sentry on my round I strive

With idle song to wile the weary hours,

Comes o'er my mind the boding sense of ill,

The altered fortunes of this Royal House .

Shine forth then, blessed harbinger of good,

And bring us rest. Ye Gods ! it surely shines,

Bright torch of night, making our darkness day,

Speeding in gladsome Argos feast and dance.
Swift to Atreides' wife the glorious news

I'll bear, and bid her rise, and through these

halls

Raise the loud song of triumph for the fall

Of Troy-if Troy indeed be overthrown

As seems the fiery messenger to say.

And I will tread the prelude of the dance,

For that by some shrewd cast of Fortune's die

I marked the signal of my lord's success .

May I be first to grasp his gracious hand !—

No more my lips in silence close are sealed ,

But had these walls a voice, methinks they'd

say,
How fain I'd speak to those who know my thought,

And silence keep to those who yet know nought.

 Agamemnon . 3

CHORUS.

Ten years have come and gone since when

The two great chiefs of Atreus' race,

Ordained of Jove and Kings of men,

A royal pair in power and place,

Marshalled their thousand ships and more,

And sailing from their native shore,

Led forth to war the Greek array,

Loud clamouring for the battle fray.

So when their nest has lost its young,

The parent vultures rend the air,

And borne on pinion fierce and strong

Circle above the plundered lair.

But far away and far above,

Touch'd with compassion's gracious love,

Jove or Pan or just Apollo

Hearkens to their wailing cry

For these outcasts of the sky,

And sends the avenging fate ;

Which, however slow and late,

Fails not upon guilt to follow.

So Jove, the sovereign guardian of the household

hearth and shrine,
B 2
4 Agamemnon .

Hath sent the two Atreidæ upon guilty Paris'

line,

And many a knee shall dusty be in the struggle

and the strife,

And many a spear shall shivered be for that un

faithful wife.

But what is, is ; and Fate's decree

Bringeth to pass whate'er must be :

Nor offering nor tearful wail,

Nor penitence, * shall aught avail

To pacify those Maidens stern
Before whose shrines no fires burn .

But we whose youth long since is spent,

Propping on staves our bodies bent,

Lag here behind the armament .

The old and young alone are left,

The land of its defence is reft ;

For strength of child is all the same

As weakness in the aged frame.

I understand the allusion to be to Iphigeneia rather than the

violated rites of hospitality by Paris.
 Agamemnon . 5
сл

And so, when manhood's leaf decays,

And bending o'er his staff with pain

The old man treads life's downward ways,

Age is like childhood come again,

Or some day- dream that never stays

But Clytemnestra, royal Queen,

Daughter of Tyndarus, declare

What these sacrifices mean ,

Why the incense loads the air.

The Gods who round our city stand,

Who guard our market-place and land,

The Gods who dwell in Heav'n's high sphere,
The Gods who rule the shades below,

See with rich gifts their altars glow ;

While streaming upward far and near,

Fed with unguents soft and clear,

From the inmost royal store,

Sacred fires heavenward soar.

Then, lady, say whate'er is well

For you to say and me to hear,

And soothe the dim and anxious fear,
Sometimes seeming in my ear

To ring a weird and boding knell ;

6 Agamemnon .

Sometimes, as the holy incense

And the sacrifice's influence

Fill my mind with other strain,

Giving place to hope again.

Yes I can tell the fateful signs the Grecian host

befell,

What time the heroes ' gan their march. Old as I

am, the spell

Of heav'nly trust inspires the song congenial to

my age

How erst the royal princes twain went forth the

war to wage,

And marching on with glittering spear and with

avenging brand,

They led the flower of Grecia's youth against the

Trojan land .

But them with this dread omen the King of birds

did greet,

Them on their way, the two kings, who ruled our

Grecian fleet ;

For hard beside the palace, in a clear and cloudless

sky,
 Agamemnon . 7

Two eagles on the right hand men could easily

descry .

Of this dread pair the one was black as night ;

The other showed behind a plumage white ;

But foully feasting both did rend and tear,

Her labours done,
Her last course run,

Great with young, a luckless hare.

The burden of my song shall be a woe and wail :

But in the end of ends the good shall still prevail.

The wise Seer understood and knew

What meant the sights within his view—

The leaders mustering for the fight,

The savage feeders on the hare,

And the Atreidæ twain,

Of common birth, of equal might,

In mould and mind a different pair

And thus he spoke in prescient strain :

" Priam's town and haughty towers ,
" Rich in wealth and royal state,

" Veil to your embattled powers ,

" And in time shall yield to Fate .

8 Agamemnon .

" But when at last

" On Troy is cast

"The curb that's forged for courser wild,

"May Heaven to us be good and mild.

" For Dian, goddess chaste and fair,

66
Compassionates the wretched hare,

" Compassionates her helpless brood,

" Fiercely torn and rent for food

" By the winged hounds of Jove.

" Loathing the eagle's cruel chase,

"Wroth at the royal house and race,

" To us the goddess bears no love .

" The burden of my song shall be a woe and wail :

" But in the end of ends the good shall still prevail.

" Yes-gentle is that goddess fair

" To every helpless tender brood ;

" E'en the young lions know her care,

" In dewy mead or tangled wood :

" And She her mighty sire entreats, that He

" Will turn to good the doubtful augury.
" God of healing, thee I pray,

"Thy dear Sister's wrath to stay,

"Pray Her that there be not sent

 Agamemnon . 9

" On our Grecian armament,

"Gales tempestuous, contrary,

" Blowing inland from the sea.

"Pray that no fresh sacrifice,
66
Impious, loathsome, shock our eyes,
" Fruitful worker of dread strife,

" Setting war ' twixt man and wife.

" Yes-the wrath of Heav'n undying

" Ever constant shall remain,

" Lurking in the House, and crying,

"Vengeance for a daughter slain . ”
Such the fateful strain and measure,

Heard with mingled grief and pleasure,

Drawn from way-side bird and presage,

To our Kings rang out the message.

So Calchas spake, the gifted Seer,

And in his words I seem to hear,

Like burden of a song, a constant woe and wail ;

Though in the end of ends the good shall still
prevail.

Mighty Jove, whoe'er thou art,

By whatsoever name addrest,

10 Agamemnon .

To thee alone I give my heart,

On thee my cares and burdens rest .

The earliest born who ruled in Heaven ,

Mighty of strength, has past and gone ;

Who followed next in turn was driven

From his realm outcast, undone.

But those who hymn aright Jove's praise,

Shall attain their heart's desire

Jove, who guides men's faltering ways,

And by suffering leads them higher.

So comes o'er sleeping eyes the memory of

pain ;

Comes o'er th' unwilling mind wisdom's persuasive

strain :

And on their ever holy seats the blest Gods sit, and
school

The hearts of men to reverence by stern com

pulsion's rule .

Then spake the elder of the twain,

But not to murmur or complain ;
Though the Seer said the words of doom,

Though Fortune darkened round in gloom ;

 Agamemnon . II

What time the Grecian fleet by stress

Of wind and wave lay motionless ,

Where Aulis hears the ceaseless roar

Of surges on the Euboean shore.

From Strymon's banks the Thracian gale

Blew fiercely, rending rope and sail,

And bearing in their dismal train ,

Delays and famine, waste and pain ;

Till, sickening o'er their hopes delayed,

The flower of our host ' gan fade.

Dread was that gale : but dreader still

When pealing forth his words of ill ,
In Dian's name his doom the Seer

Proclaimed, and e'en the Chieftains twain

Smote on the ground, nor could restrain

For anguish sore the unbidden tear.

Then spake the elder King that day,
"Woe's me if I do not obey ;
"Woe too if at the altar side

" I slay my child, my flower and pride,

" And in her blood my hands imbrue !
"What shall I leave undone ? What do ?

" How shall I fail my comrades true ?

12 Agamemnon.

" For well they know a virgin's blood

" These winds alone can lull to rest.

"For this they crave . Perchance ' twere good

" To hearken to their stern behest."

So spake he with a wavering mind.

But when he once had bowed to Fate,

Came o'er his soul , like change of wind,

A spirit base and insensate.

For frenzy, when it stirs the brain,

Counsels to deeds of wrong and bane ;

And desperate daring swells the train.

And so he willed to sacrifice

His only daughter, as the price

Of favouring gale

To spread his sail,

And vict'ry in the avenging strife

Waged for the sake of faithless wife.
Each warrior chief looked on- small care,

and prayer,
Methinks, had they for cry and

Or for her young and maiden life .

And he, her sire, to whom she prayed ,
Bade her with solemn chaunt be laid ,

Like kid, upon the altar- stone,

 Agamemnon. 13

Swathed in her robes from foot to crown ,

And guard her mouth lest cry or moan

Upon the House bring curses down .

And silently and piteously
In saffron robe that swept the ground ,

She passed along with glance of eye

Smiting each priest that stood around ;

Beauteous as tho' by limner's art portrayed,
And tho' to silence bound she oft to speak essayed .

For she of yore was wont with song

To cheer her sire, his guests among,

And with her young and virgin voice

Greet him , and bid him to rejoice,

When he the wine-cup high had filled

What followed then ' tis not for me

To say. The deed I did not see .

The arts of Calchas were fulfilled .

Yet justice wills that men should learn

The fruit of sin by suffering stern ,

Though idle would the forecast be

That strove to pierce futurity :

To know what fate doth hold in store

Were adding to our griefs one more.

14 Agamemnon .

Come then fair tidings with the breaking day,

As swift and gladsome as the morn. So say

We, the sole remnants of the Argive band,

The sole defenders of our native land .

Enter CLYTEMNESTRA.

Hail, Clytemnestra- meet it is to pay

Our heart-felt homage to thy royal worth,

And to do honour to a wife, whose Lord

Is absent far from home and kingly realm :

Say what thy tidings, and what joyful hopes

Have made these altars smoke. Fain would I

hear,

Yet can I bear to be denied my wish.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Yes-may the morn , as saith the adage old,

Be child of night and herald of good news !

List then a tale of joy beyond thy hopes,

Thy utmost hopes-the Greeks are lords of Troy.

CHORUS.

Troy ! Can it be ? I scarce believe thy words.

 Agamemnon . 15

CLYTEMNESTRA.

I say that Troy is ours- speak I not plain ?

CHORUS.

O joy ofjoys- rises th' unbidden tear.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Nay, never blush . That tear doth prove thee friend.

CHORUS.

But say, what warrant for this wondrous tale ?

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Warrant enough-unless some God deceives.

CHORUS.

Was it some tempting vision of the night ?

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Nay, ' twas no fancy of a drowsy soul .

CHORUS.

Dost feed thy mind on some unfledged report ?

16 Agamemnon .

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Mock'st thou, as though I were some foolish girl ?

CHORUS.

When did Troy fall ?

CLYTEMNESTRA.

This very night it fell

This night that now is brightening to the dawn .

CHORUS.

Who brought these tidings with a herald's speed ?

CLYTEMNESTRA.

It is the beacon fire on Ida's crest

By flaming convoys that hath brought the news .

From Ida's woods to the Hermæan crag

Of Lemnos-then from Lemnos to the heights

Of Athos-Athos consecrate to Jove

Passed the broad brand of flame. Then towering

high

And gathering strength, e'en as it sped its

course,
 Agamemnon . 17

It spanned the sea, and, like a golden sun,

Flashed its red glow athwart Macistus' cliffs .

And there the watchman, watching not in vain ,

Wrought at his labour till Euripus ' flood

Reddened again, and by Messapian towers,

Heaping the beacon high with withered heath,

His comrades saw and sped the message on .

Then without stop or stay, nor yet bedimmed ,

Like a bright moon , the flaming herald flew

Over Asopus' plain, and wakened up

Fresh fiery signals on Citharon's rock.

Nor did the watchman on that distant height

Refuse the flaming message sent from far ;

But sped it on till , blazing yet more high ,

It swooped on the Gorgopian lake and climbed

The cliffs of Ægiplanctus, warning wide

To heap the bale-fire with unstinting hand.

And then rekindled , in unbroken might,

Swept the huge beard of flame, and soared above

The headland which looks down upon the waves

Of the Saronic gulf, and thence once more

It flashed upon the Arachnæan cliffs

And the watch-towers that near the City stand,
с
18 Agamemnon .

Till on the Atreida's roof it lighted last,

Claiming descent from Ida's far- off fires .

So have I ordered the succession due,

As in a torch race, where each man in turn

Receives from other ; and the first and last

Is deemed victorious . Now thou hast the proof

Of the news sent me by my lord from Troy.

CHORUS.

Unto the Gods my due thanks shall be given

Hereafter : now I fain would hear again
The tale which fell so sweetly on my ears .

CLYTEMNESTRA.

This day-this very day the Grecian host

Is within captured Troy. And there, methinks,

No doubtful cry is ringing through the town.
Pour oil and acid in the self- same vase,

They'll blend as soon in friendly unison

As the stern victors and the vanquished foes.

Yes ; you may hear the cry of each distinct

A double horror-and in fancy see

How sire and son and kinsman high are heaped

 Agamemnon . 19

Each on the other, whilst the captives round

Mourn for their dear ones who shall ne'er return .

And in their midst the conquering bands ofGreece,

All rank and order for the time forgot,

Famished with toil and blood, through the dark hours

Hold their rude revel, with scant rule or form.

No need for them to keep their watch beneath

The open vault of heaven ' mid frost and dew:

In Trojan homes they dwell ; and free from care

They sleep unguarded through the livelong night.
Yet in their triumph let them mind to pay

Due reverence to every God and shrine

Of captured Troy-and so shall they escape

The doom of conquerors conquered in their turn.

Woe worth the day if some unhallowed lust

Or greed of spoil enthrall that host-who, like

Some runner in the race, can only win

A safe return by running back his course.

If Heaven's displeasure light upon our arms,

The dead men's curse will surely wake, e'en if

No fresh disaster fall . Hear then my words,

Albeit a woman's ; and may good prevail

As I, methinks, have had my share of good.

C 2
20 Agamemnon .

CHORUS.

Lady, thy speech, like prudent Counsellor's,

Lends to these tokens confirmation sure ;

And I, in full assurance of their truth ,

Will raise my voice and bless the Gods for this,

The glorious meed of toils and perils past.

Sovereign Jove and friendly Shade

Of Night, by whose propitious aid

War's bright triumphs now are ours,

And o'er Troy's embattled towers

The meshes of a net are cast,

Fate-enwoven close and fast,

So that in its mighty fold

Are wrapped alike both young and old

Jove, my Lord, I reverence thee,

Great God of hospitality.

Straight on perjured Paris thou

Didst long since direct thy bow ;

And thy shaft went surely home,
When the fated hour was come.

Jove hath struck the appointed blow

This we surely see and know :

He hath brought in very deed

 Agamemnon . 21

That to pass which he decreed .

In foolishness the fool once said,

No heed the Gods to sinners paid .

'Twas idly said. In wrath divine

On sire to son through long -drawn line—

When war is waged with impious hate,
And hoarded wealth is all too great

The awful Gods stand forth confess'd.

For me with humbler thoughts possess'd,

In prudence and sobriety,

May my lot be from sorrow free.
Idle are the fence and shield

Which wealth's treasure-houses yield

To the sinner who has striven,

In wantonness of heart malign,

To raise his heel against the shrine

Where Justice sits beloved of Heaven.

By Persuasion-Goddess dread,
Eldest born of Fate - misled ,

Evil counsels now prevailing,

Mortal help all unavailing,

To his doom he headlong goes.

Say not that Guilt hidden lies :

22 Agamemnon .

It burns, it glares in baleful guise,

And like baser metal shows

Its nature darkened and defiled .

E'en so in thoughtless sport the child

His painted flying bird pursuing,

Brings on his home and people ruin .

Too late he prays. Idle his prayers shall fall,

The sinner perishes beyond recall.

So came unto the Atreida's roof Troy's young and

treacherous lord,

And stole away his host's fair wife and wronged the
friendly board .

And lightly through the gates she passed, leaving

to kith and kin

The curse of deadly spear and shield, the heritage

of sin,

And strife of men and gathering ships . Daring

and rash went she,

Bearing to Troy a wedding gift of death and misery.

Then in words of prophecy,

Mingled with a wailing cry,

Oft repeated, wild and drear,

Rose the chaunt of Priest and Seer.
 Agamemnon . 23

"Woe for the Royal House ; woe for the marriage

bed ;

"Woe for the wife whose love is lost, whose steps

are fled :

"Woe for the chiefs ; -foremost for him , and chief

of all,

" Dishonoured, uncomplaining, silent in his hall .

" He scarce believes that she in truth has fled

across the main ,

66
' Though in her place for love of her a phantom

seems to reign.
"Yes-for the love of her the statue's grace is

gone,

" And from the sightless eyes the light of love is

flown.

" In the wandering dreams of night

"Fantasies oft meet his sight,

" Dreams which in their birth are dying,

" Human wit and strength defying,

" Flitting on wings that never come again,

" Adown the paths of Sleep's eternal reign."
Woes like these, nor these alone,
Brood beside our home's hearth- stone,
24 Agamemnon .

Whilst in every Argive dwelling

Grief its bitter tale is telling,
For the dear sake of those who went

Forth with the Grecian armament.

Those who went forth to war return

No more to us ; but in their room

The hero dust and funeral urn

Are sadly borne to their last home.

The God who rules war's usury,

Changing life to ashes dry,

Who holds the scale with even hand

In the rude shock of spear and brand,

Sends from Troy's war -wasted plains

A few scorched and scanty grains,

Relics of each gallant wight,

Stored in urn, who fell in fight.

And loud the cry goes up for him,

The strong of heart, the stout of limb ;

Or him, the warrior skilled in strife,

Who perished for another's wife.

And round and round ,
With hateful sound ,

The envious whispers come and go,

 Agamemnon . 25

And wrath and bitterness and woe

'Gainst the Atreidæ twain ;

For those who in a foreign grave

Take their last rest-the young and brave,

All in their beauty slain .

Mingled with curses deep and loud,

The tale is passed from man to man ;

And still my longing grows to scan

What the blind caves of night do shroud .

The jealous Gods are swift to mark

The man of blood ; the Furies dark

Swift to hurl him to disgrace

From his pitch of power and place .

Passeth strength and fadeth bloom ,

In the land of endless gloom .
Praise that doth the mean transcend ,
Leadeth men to fatal end .

Who can bear the scorching rays

Flashing from Jove's angry gaze ?

Be mine a lot of tranquil ease,

Such as will no God displease ;

No sack or spoil of town I crave,

I pray to wear no chain of slave .
26 Agamemnon .

The beacons blaze, and through the city speeds

A swift and joyous tale-who knows if true,

Or if it be some heaven- commissioned lie ?

But dull of heart and childish would he be

Who at the flash of some wild signal fire

Kindling to ecstasy, should on the change

Of the glad tidings faint and fall away.
'Tis woman's temper to believe in joy
Ere it hath come-swift move her thoughts, and
swift

Passes away the tale her tongue has told .

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Enough—we soon shall hear whether or no

These bright relays of beacon fires have told

A truthful tale ; or, like some pleasing dream ,

The phantom light has but beguiled our minds.

Fast from the shore speeds hitherward a man,

Herald of news, dusty and olive - crowned ;

And from his lips a surer tale we'll learn

Than from the smoke and flame of beacon

lights.
Either fair news he brings, or-but I loathe
 Agamemnon . 27

To forecast evil. -May good fortune send

To fair beginnings a yet fairer end !

[Exit CLYTEMNESTRA.
CHORUS.

So too say I ; and ill betide that man

Who breathes a different prayer.

Enter HERALD.

HERALD.
Hail to thee, hail,

My native soil , my own dear Argive land !

Ten years of exile, and of many hopes

Made shipwreck, this alone is mine
What ne'er I dreamt of-to lie down and die

On my loved Argive soil ! Wherefore once more

Hail to thee, Earth, hail to thee, blessed Sun,

Hail, highest Jove, and thou too , Pythian King !

Whilom thy shafts fell thick amidst our ranks,

And by Scamander's stream thou wroughtest woe

Unmeasured . Now Apollo, gracious Lord,

Save us and grant us from our toils release .

Whom shall I turn to next ? My country's Gods ?

Or thee my Patron, glorious Mercury,

Herald divine, whom mortal heralds love ?

28 Agamemnon .

Or the blest Dead, who sent us forth to war,

And now receive the remnants of our host ?

Ah me !-what joy to see once more these dear,

These royal halls, this awful judgment seat,

These holy statues facing towards the sun .

If ever in old time with welcome look

Ye hailed your Lord coming in royal state,

Receive him now, bringing for you and all

Light to the darkness of our troubled thoughts-
Agamemnon, who like rugged labourer

In Jove's stern service toiling, has hewn down

Troy and her altars and her temple shrines,

And wasted all her fruitful fields of corn .

Yes he has cast his yoke on Troy, and comes

Girt round with honours and with Fortune's gifts,

Foremost of living men : nor Paris, nor
His guilty country dare to boast their crime

Outweighs the forfeit and the penalty.

For rightly judged and convict found of theft,
He sought in vain deliverance from his deed,

And, like the mower mowing in the fields,

Laid level with the ground his father's house.

Twice o'er sin's wage have Priam's children paid .

 Agamemnon . 29

CHORUS.

We bid thee welcome, coming from our host.

HERALD.

So welcome, I am well content to die .

CHORUS.

What ! has the love of home tried thee so sore ?

HERALD .

Yes, my eyes swim with tears of heartfelt joy .

CHORUS.

That were, methinks, a pleasant cause of grief.

HERALD.

Speak clearly, friend-I do not read thy words.

CHORUS .

We yearned for those who yearned in turn for us .

HERALD .

Did then our country crave for our return ?

30 Agamemnon .

CHORUS.

Yes-oft with gloomy and foreboding mind .

HERALD.

But why such boding fear upon the land ?

CHORUS .

When times are out of joint, silence is best.

HERALD .

What ! when our kings were absent, did ye fear?

CHORUS.

E'en as you said I could have wished to die.

HERALD.

'Tis well that endeth well . For in man's life

The diverse good and ill commingled are ;

And who, beside the blessed Gods, are free

From sorrow through all time ? I could recount

How on the sea we toiled and roughly fared,

Scarce putting to the shore, and every day

Teemed with fresh suffering as our constant lot.

 Agamemnon . 31

But on the land yet sorer was our toil :

We spread our couch hard by the foemen's walls,

The dews from heaven and the long meadow grass,

Stood thick on hair and raiment—but why tell

Of winter's frost smiting the fowls of air,

When Ida's snow was deep, or summer's heat

When the broad sea as on a noontide couch

By wave or wind unruffled lay asleep ?

Why tell of this and grieve ? 'Tis past, all past,

As with the dead who shall arise no more .

Why should the living for the dead make moan ?

Why tell the tale of those who fell in fight ?

Nay, rather, we, the remnant of the host,

To our long griefs now bid a long farewell,

And flying glorious over land and main,

Full in the face of Heaven we boast, that we

The spoils of Troy to the great Gods of Greece

For endless time here consecrate and vow.

Let then the People hear, and hearing bless

The State and our commanders, and proclaim

All praise to Jove who wrought this wondrous

deed.

My say is said.
32 Agamemnon.

CHORUS .

By it I am convinced ;

For age is ever young enough to learn.

But welcome most, I ween, will be thy news

To Clytemnestra and the Royal House.

Enter CLYTEMNESTRA.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

When the first beacon broke upon the night

With the glad tidings of Troy's overthrow,

I raised a cry of joy-and one who stood

Hard by, in chiding words thus spake to me :

" Deem'st thou, in faith of these wild signal-fires,

" That Troy is overthrown ? 'Tis easy, sure,

" To raise a woman's hopes." To such a one

I seemed in sooth to dream ; yet not the less

I offered up my sacrifice of thanks :

And now in woman's fashion through the town

Men raise their cry of joy, and bless the Gods

With grateful hymns and fragrant altar- fires .

What need of more ? From Agamemnon's self
I soon shall hear the truth ; and meanwhile I

As best I may will welcome back my Lord.

 Agamemnon . 33

What brighter radiance of created things

Can bless the vision of a loving wife,

Who in the open gateway stands to greet

Her Lord returning from war's dread alarms ?
Go then, and bid Him, whom his People love

Hasten to come ; and coming he shall find

By his hearth-side his wife, like watch-dog true,
All love to him, all terror to his foes ;

Such as he left her, and in all things like,

Guarding th' unbroken signet of her trust .
Sooner shall brass receive the colour's dye,

Than my fair name be stained with calumny.

HERALD.

A noble boast in sooth for noble dame.

CHORUS .

Aye, for her words are clear and shrewdly said .

But tell me, Herald, comes he with the host ?

Comes Menelaus our beloved prince ?

HERALD.

I dare not lie even to please my friend .

D
34 Agamemnon .

CHORUS.

My heart misgives me that the solemn truth

Stands far aloof from what we most desire.

HERALD.

The hero with his bark hath passed away

From out the Grecian host. Thou hast the truth .

CHORUS.

Was it in sailing from the shores of Troy

Full in the gaze of men ? or midst his friends

Did some swift storm-wrack sweep him from their

sight ?
HERALD.

Yes-thy few words the mournful tale have told .

Like skilful archer thou hast hit the mark .

CHORUS.

What say the seamen ? Make they no report,

Whether he perished or perchance survives ?

HERALD.

No eye has seen save the far- seeing Sun,

By whose sustaining beams all nature lives.

 Agamemnon . 35

CHORUS.
And was it then the wrath of Heaven which sent

This fatal tempest on our armament ?

HERALD.

Let no untoward speech profane to- day

Our happiness . Each God of mirth or gloom

Hath his own hour when men should give him

praise.

When some sad-visaged messenger brings home

Tidings of broken armies, private woes,

Or public wounds that pierce a country's heart,

And men made homeless by the two-fold scourge

That bloody, barbed curse so dear to Mars

Methinks that then the bearer of such news

To the dread Furies should pour forth his song.

But he who bears the tidings of great joy

To a rejoicing and acclaiming town,

How can he dash their mirth or bear to tell

The tempest-laden anger of the Gods ?

For Sea and Fire that ' erst were deadly foes,
Conspired in solemn covenant to bring
Our fated host to ruin. Wind and wave
D 2
 on
36 Agamemn .

Arose tumultuous ; and through the night

Drove ship on ship, till in the blinding spray

And the mad tempest's rage they passed from

sight.

But when the daylight came, full in our view

Th' Ægean bloomed, like some rich garden plot,

With men and wrecks and relics tempest- strown.

Ourselves our bark- how we escaped ' tis hard

To say. 'Twas, sure, some God, no mortal man,

Stood at the helm and stole us from the storm .

For saving Fortune sat upon our bark,

And when we reached the haven of our rest,

Kept us from breaking surge and rock-bound shore.

Yet in the glow and sunshine of new life,
While scarce believing that the seething hell
Of angry waters we had ' scaped, once more

We seemed to chew the bitter cud of grief,

When we bethought us sadly of our friends

Scattered like dust across the storm-beat main .

But if among them there are those who live,

They doubtless deem that we have perished, as

We deem them dead . Why not ? May all end

well ;
 Agamemnon . 37

And first and chief may Menelaus come !

For if he lives-if still the Sun's bright eye

Surveys him, and if Jove consents to spare

The Royal race, good hope there is that he

May once more see his home. My tale is told .

CHORUS.

Who was it in the distant days,

Far beyond man's ken or gaze,
Named her Helen ?* and whence came

The inspired prophetic name ?

Bride of the Spear and cause of strife,
Fatal name to human life,

Fatal name to captured town,

To navies lost, to hosts o'erthrown .

Forth from her dainty bower she passed upon the
seas,

And spread her sail to catch the earth -born Zephyr's

breeze ;

* The play upon the name of Helen in the original seems to me—
with every deference to those who have attempted to imitate it in
English-unfortunate and impracticable. I agree with Dean Milman's
observations on this subject at page 36 of his fine translation, and venture
to think that he need not have feared to adhere to his own view.
 non
38 mem
Aga .

And fast like huntsmen on the track-the viewless

track of oars—

Her armed pursuers came to land by Simois '

woody shores .

Woe for the bloody strife ! woe for the wrath

divine

Which brought the marriage curse on Troy and

Priam's line !

Claiming vengeance for the evil done to Jove our

Sovereign Lord,
Lord and ever-watchful guardian of the hospitable
board

Vengeance from her Trojan kinsmen , who unheed

ful of the wrong ,

All too quickly, all too lightly hymned the fatal

marriage song.
But Priam's ancient town in ruin

Learns to- day a different strain,

Learns from her citizens' undoing,

Guilty Paris to arraign.

So once a lion's cub was reared

With kindly nurture ; tame and mild,

F
Gentle to aged man and child,
 Agamemnon . 39

Like foster-son he came at call ,

Fondled and loved . But soon appeared

The instincts of his nature wild,

A curse unto the friendly hall .

Then his nurture ill-requiting,

On men and flocks in turn alighting,

Fell the ravening beast of prey.

And the house was stained with blood ,

As when some infernal brood

Of curses grow and cling and stay

In some friendly man's abode.
E'en so there seemed to come on Troy

The spirit of a breathless calm,

A dream of beauty and of joy,

Revealing in her eyes the charm

Of tender grace and piercing fire,

And conquering bloom of soft desire.

Fatal neighbour, cruel guest,

Hapless bride, domestic pest,

To the sons of Priam, she,

Claiming hospitality,
Came commissioned to fulfil

Her marriage curse of grief and ill.

40 Agamemnon .

So once ' twas said in times of yore,

" Great happiness can never die,

" Or pass away like childless sire
" Without result or progeny ;

" But endless sorrows shoot and spring

" Out of Fortune's blossoming ."

But I believe unholy deed

Bears ever true and kindred seed,

Whilst in the dwellings of the just arise

Fair children and illustrious destinies.

But in the unrighteous home,

An ancient wrong begets a worse,

And, when the appointed hour shall come,

That worse shall yet again beget

Of its own kind, most dread in fight,

Arrogant and foe to light,

In the dark halls where far from sight
Broods the hereditary curse .

But Justice marks the blameless lot ;

She shines within the smoke-dimm'd cot,

And ever as she turns her eyes

From glittering gawd or golden prize,

And lightly recks of power or cause

 Agamemnon . 41

Stamped with a counterfeit applause,

With an unerring aim she bends
Man's fate to its appointed ends .

Enter AGAMEMNON with CASSANDRA.

Welcome, proud conqueror, Atreus' son,

How shall I fittingly, monarch, address thee ?

How in my prayers shall I honour and bless thee,
Truthfully telling forth what thou hast done ?

Ah me ! full many a man doth feign

Friendship he does not know,
And counterfeits a joy or pain
In others ' weal or woe,

Or makes his cheerless lips to wear

A smile that has no true place there

But he who reads men's hearts aright,
Knows the dissembler at first sight :

And, sooth to say, in days of yore,

What time our host went forth to war,

I loved thee not ; and took it ill

When, in thy stern imperious will,

Thou sentest men to bleed and die

Forth from their homes unwillingly.

42 Agamemnon .

But now thy words ring well and true

To those who gallantly, and through

The toils of war, their way have won .

Now thou shalt learn what each has done

By unwise rule or sage command,

Whilst thou wert absent from the land .

AGAMEMNON.

To Argos first and to its native Gods,

Through whom I wrought the vengeance upon Troy,

By whom I now return- to Them I pay

My greeting. At their bar the cause of Troy,

Though not by mortal pleaders, was discussed.

Of the two urns, in one the votes were cast

For sack and slaughter ; o'er the other vase ,

Empty and void, Hope faltered in her flight.

The storms of Fate yet rage, and the fresh smoke

And reeking embers of the conquered town

Send up to heaven their thick and fragrant cloud .

For these their crowning mercies let us thank

The Gods, by whose high favour we have snared

Within our toils proud Ilium, and have seen

The Monster-horse, laden with armed folk,
 Agamemnon. 43

About the setting of the Pleiades,

Spring like a ravening lion o'er the walls,

And lap its fill of princely blood . So much

As to the Gods . For thee I know thy worth,

Unlike the herd who know not how to give

Ungrudging honour to the prosperous.

Upon their heart a cankerous envy sits,

Doubling the burden of their discontent

For their own woes and for their neighbour's weal.

I know how poor a thing is friendship—

A mirrored form, a shadow of a shade.
Only Ulysses, who reluctant sailed
Who knows if still he lives ?—like some stout horse

Strained at the yoke and laboured in my cause .

Meanwhile, if aught there be yet unresolved,

Touching the State or worship of the Gods ,

In full assembly we will counsel take,

To give to that which standeth right and true

Sure confirmation ; but where disease hath gone

Down to the core, there fearless with the knife

Or burning iron to root out the plague.

But my first greeting in these hallowed halls
Is to the blessed Gods who sent me forth,
44 Agamemnon .

And now have granted me a safe return

May Vict'ry, that has never left my side,

Be my abiding and my constant guide !

Enter CLYTEMNESTRA.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

I have no shame, grave citizens of Argos,

In making known to you the love I bear
Unto my husband : for there comes a time

When speech grows bold-and thus I dare to tell

At the untutored bidding of my mind,
How sad a life was mine when he was gone .

Yes-sad it is for any wife to sit

All lonely in her home and list the tales
Of varying evil, each worse than the last.

For had the tales been true which reached my

ear,

Surely my Lord, all smitten through and through,

Had gaped with wounds like some wide-meshèd

net.

And had he died, as it was bruited oft,

He must like Geryon have three times put on

His earthy garment of mortality,
 Agamemnon . 45

Dying afresh with each and every change.

Tortured by such reports I oft had bound

The cord about my neck ; as oft my friends

Loosened the fatal knot in my despite.

And therefore marvel not our child, the first

And dearest pledge of our exchanged vows,

Orestes, is away. Him rears and tends

Strophius of Phocis, our ally and friend,

Who sagely warned me of this twofold risk

Danger to thee whilst fighting before Troy,

And troublous risings ' gainst the public laws :

For men are base, and ever take delight

To trample on the fallen. Trust me, dear

My Lord, there lurks no falsehood in this speech :

Weeping o'ermuch hath e'en dried up the fount

Of my abundant tears ; and my poor eyes,

Worn with long watching for the beacon lights

That never made us answer, are cried out .

Oft too the gnat's shrill trumpet broke my

dreams

Dreams of affright for thee, crowded within

The insufficient compass of my sleep .

But as I uncomplaining bore my grief,

 n
no
mem
46 Aga .

So now, dear Lord, I bid thee welcome home

True as the faithful watch-dog of the fold,

Strong as the mainstay of the labouring bark,

Stately as column, fond as only child,

Dear as the land to shipwrecked mariner,

Bright as fair sunshine after winter's storms ,

Sweet as fresh fount to thirsty wanderer

All this, and more, thou art, dear love, to me.

Be gracious, Heaven . Full sore has been our

load

Of grief and care—and now, dear Heart, step down

From out thy chariot-but let not, I pray,

Thy conqueror's foot be soiled by touch of earth.

Ho ! maidens, swift with purple strew his path ,

And bring him home for whom we dared not

hope .

As for the rest, my sleepless care shall see

To order all things as the Gods decree.

AGAMEMNON.

Daughter of Leda, guardian of my home,

Well hast thou spoken of my absence long ;

And long has been thy speech . But as for praise,

 Agamemnon . 47

That fitly comes from other lips than thine.

And treat me not in guise effeminate,

Nor bow before me, like barbaric prince,

With servile cry or prostrate form ; nor strew

These purple tapestries along my path ,

On which no mortal man may dare to tread,

Lest he arouse the envy of the Gods,

To whom alone such homage high belongs.
Give me the honour of a simple man .

My fame stands not in need of carpetings,

Or broidered gewgaws ; for God's greatest gift

Is a well ordered mind ; and he alone

Is blest who ends his days in happiness

Happy my lot, if so it fare with me!

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Nay, speak not thus my purpose to oppose.

AGAMEMNON.

Nay, dream not I my purpose will forego

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Didst thou then vow this in some hour of fear

 n
emno
48 Agam .

AGAMEMNON.

I speak as one whose mind is well assured .

CLYTEMNESTRA.

What would King Priam in thy place have done ?

AGAMEMNON.

On these embroideries he ' ld stalk amain .

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Dost fear the idle censure of men's tongues ?

AGAMEMNON.

Public repute is not an idle vaunt.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Who hath not envy, hath not honour's meed .

AGAMEMNON.

'Tis not a woman's part to love dispute .

CLYTEMNESTRA.

'Tis for a conqueror to give up his will.

 Agamemnon . 49

AGAMEMNON.

Dost value then the palm of this debate ?

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Yes ; yield thee willingly.

AGAMEMNON.

Well, as thou wilt

Ho ! some one loose the sandal from my foot,

Lest as I trample on these purple gawds
Some swift displeasure from the far-off Gods
Strike me to death. In sooth I fear to tread

With wasteful luxury the costly web.

Enough of this .

Thy stranger guest receive

With gentle care : Heaven smiles on those who

use

Their conquests gently : for ' tis hard to bow

A freeborn neck to foreign slavery .

And she, the fairest flower and choicest prize,

The Army's gift, has hither followed me.

And now, consenting to thy will, I come

Over these tap'stries to my palace home.

E
50 Agamemnon .

CLYTEMNESTRA.

There is the sea, and who shall drain its depths,

With its unbounded hoards of purple dye,

Worthy their weight in gold ? * Nor is there

stint

Of such-like wealth within our household stores .

Right gladly too, if oracle or shrine

Had laid this load upon me, when I sought

A ransom for thine oft imperilled life,

I would have vowed rich carpetings and rare.

Thou art like root of some o'ershadowing tree

That dims the fury of the dogstar's heat ;
Thou art like summer's warmth to winter's cold

Returning to thy home. Ah me ! when Jove

Presses the juice of the unripened grape,
How cold that home shall be, e'en though its Lord.

Is once more in its halls. O mighty Jove,

That bringest all things to their fateful end,

To these my prayers their fated answer send.

* The sense of the original is I think of precious metals rather than

of any one particular metal ; gold implies this to an English reader,
and therefore I use it in preference to silver, which most translators have
adopted.
 Agamemnon . 51

CHORUS.

Before my heart a thing of fear

Ever sitteth, ever flitteth,

And in my ears I seem to hear

A boding strain, unbought, unsought :

And as in dreams dark, dim, unknown,

Courage deserts my bosom's throne.

My hope had passed its prime

What time

Our galleys came to land

By Ilium's sandy strand :

And our host in set array

'Neath her walls embattled lay.

Yes-they come--and though my eyes

Witness to their safe return,

All around me seems to rise

Unmusical and harsh and stern,

A strain which confidence might daunt,

A strain which Furies love to chaunt.

As I hearken to that strain,

Sure my fears are not in vain :

Not in vain my storm -vex'd mind

Rolls in eddies dark and blind
E 2
52 Agamemnon .

Yet let the presage pass away,

Brightening to a better day.

The insatiate lust of power and pride

No limit knows, yet hard beside

Dwell woe and mortal grief;
And human fate all recklessly

Goes speeding o'er th' unwarning sea,

To strike upon the hidden reef.

And Prudence warns with fearful voice

To make some timely sacrifice,

Uttering her sage behest ;

So might the House escape the doom,

So might the sinking bark come home,

Safe to the haven's rest.

With many a gift Jove knows to bless,

From the teeming fallow's side,
From his own rich bounteousness :

But when once life's purple tide

To the earth has flowed amain,

What mortal art or magic strain

 Agamemnon . 53

Can call that life-blood back again ?

The King of Heaven himself forbade *

The great Physician to recall

To life, of all

The realm of shadows e'en one single shade.

The Fate that sits above the skies

And rules all other Destinies,

Bids my prophetic tongue be still

To words and presages of ill.
But still with hidden fires aglow,

In hopelessness
And bitterness ,

My soul broods o'er a coming woe.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Come thou within, Cassandra. Jove with thee

Hath gently dealt, in that He makes thee

share

With other slaves the shelter of this roof,

And the protection of our household shrine.

Step down from out thy car-and be not proud ;

This refers to the legend of Esculapius thunder-smitten by Jove

for bringing back the dead to life.
54 Agamemnon .

Alcmena's son once bore to be a slave,

And bent his neck unto the yoke : so thou,

Since Fate so wills it, joy at least to be

Slave in an ancient and a lordly house.

For harsh are they who suddenly have reaped

An unexpected harvest of great wealth .

Thou knowest now the usage of this House .

CHORUS.

To thee, Cassandra, hath our Lady spoke.

And, since thou art within the toils of fate,

Yield if thou canst—and yet thou may'st refuse.

CLYTEMNESTRA:

Nay, but like swallow coming from abroad

She speaks a strange outlandish speech ; and I

Am vainly striving to convince her mind.

CHORUS.

Yield thee-she counsels wisely. Leave thy seat

And follow her within.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

I have no time
 Agamemnon . པ་

To wait this woman's fancies at the door.

Beside the household altar stand the sheep,

Waiting the sacrifice of thankful hearts ,

Which we ne'er thought to pay. Come then,

declare

Forthwith thy purpose ; if thou hearest not,

Make plain by gesture* what thou canst not speak.

CHORUS.

'Tis clear she needeth an interpreter,

Our stranger fair-in sooth her manner is

Like some wild creature's taken in the toils.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Nay, but she raves, and evil counsel takes

From a disordered mind . Her native land

Lies desolate ; but she, like unbroke steed,

Chafes at her bit, and foams in blood away

Her strength. I will not waste my words or bear

The floutings of her pride.
[ Exit CLYTEMNESTRA.

* I have adhered to the sense of the original, though there is an

obvious inconsistency in desiring Cassandra to answer by sign of hand
what she could not understand when expressed by word of mouth.
 non
56 Agamem .

CHORUS.

Not so for I

Compassionate her grief, and am not wroth .

Come then, unhappy one, and quit thy seat ;

Handsel the yoke which Fate hath made thee
bear.

CASSANDRA. N

Woe, woe-woe worth the day-Apollo Lord

CHORUS.

Why wail'st thou of Apollo ? He forsooth

Is not a God to love a strain of woe.

CASSANDRA.

Woe, woe- woe worth the day-Apollo Lord

CHORUS.

Again with words of evil omen she

Calleth on one who hath no love for grief.

CASSANDRA.

Apollo, O Apollo, God of Ways,

 Agamemnon . 57

God my destroyer- now a second time

Thou hast destroyed me !

CHORUS.

Sure-she speaks like one

Inspired with her own calamities ;

And though a slave she hath the gift divine.

CASSANDRA.

Apollo; O Apollo, God of Ways,

Apollo my destroyer, whither, where,
Unto what dwelling hast thou led my steps ?

CHORUS.

Unto the house of the Atreidæ , sure.

I speak the truth-true thou shalt find my

words.

CASSANDRA.

Aye, to a house abhorred of Heaven, whose walls

Can tell of kinsmen's crimes and woes- -a house

That reeks of human butchery and gore.

 non
58 mem
Aga .

CHORUS.

Like some keen -scented hound this stranger maid

Seems hunting out the tracks of murder foul .

CASSANDRA.

I have a proof which I cannot gainsay—

I seem to see the forms of wailing babes,

And a sire feasting on his children's flesh .

CHORUS.

The fame of thy divining lore ere this

Had reached us ; but we covet not thy gifts .

CASSANDRA.

Woe's me- what is the plan, the deadly plan,

Born in the caverns of her brooding mind ?

And help stands far aloof.

CHORUS.

I am unskilled

To read these riddles, though we all know well

The older story of that ancient crime.

 Agamemnon . 59

CASSANDRA.

Ah, wretched woman, wilt thou do the deed ?—

And he thy lord and husband, e'en as he

Steps from the bath-how shall I tell the tale ?

Swift to the fatal issue moves the crime,

And hand on hand is dealing forth the blows.

CHORUS.

I cannot read her meaning : and my mind,

'Wilder'd at these dark sayings, sinks and fails .

CASSANDRA.

Ah me, what ghastly sight is this I see—

The infernal trammels of a deadly net

Around its victim cast ! -She is that net,

The wife and the accomplice of the crime—

Yell then, insatiate band of Furies, yell

Your hymn of woe o'er the accursed deed !

CHORUS.

What is this Fury whom thou call'st so loud

To sound her trumpet-blast within these walls ?

Thy speech affrights me ; and the ruddy tide,

60 Agamemnon .

Which in man's last extremity doth keep

Sure time and pace with life's departing rays,

Flies backward to my heart. Yet Fate moves on .

CASSANDRA.

Lo where the bull with his black horns lies caught

Within the subtle meshes of her robe

Ho ! save him from his mate . She strikes- He

falls,

Falls in the brimming, treacherous, deadly bath—

What that bath witnesseth I dare not say.

CHORUS.

I have no skill to be th' interpreter

Of oracles, and yet I fear her words

Bode evil- but why speak of oracles ?

The wordy arts of sad diviner's lore

Bring only fear and sorrow to man's race.

CASSANDRA .

Ah me, most hapless ! Though I pour my grief

Into the cup of common woe, and share

The common lot, yet will I tell it forth—

 Agamemnon . 61

For why, my master, hast thou brought me here

But to die with thee ? Yet, in sooth, why not ?

CHORUS.

Insensate ! God-possessed ! Thy dismal chaunt

Is like the strain of tawny nightingale,
Who ceaseless ever of her grief and song

For Itys, Itys makes her life-long moan .

CASSANDRA.

Yes-the sweet nightingale declares her fate.

The Gods enrobed her in a wingèd form ;

And granted her a tearless life of song.

But the sharp sword is my abiding doom .

CHORUS.

Whence this ungoverned and inspired grief—

Wild words of fear in shrill and dismal song ?

Where didst thou learn thy melancholy lore ?

CASSANDRA.

Woe for the wedding by which Paris brought

Destruction on his friends !-woe too for thee,
62 Agamemnon .

My native stream, Scamander ! By thy banks

In happier days my childhood's prime was spent ;

But soon, methinks, upon the fatal shores
Of Acheron and dark Cocytus , I

Must chaunt my latest and prophetic dirge.

CHORUS.

Now thou dost speak in words so clear, a child

May read thy meaning. As I list thy wail

Thy strange, disastrous wail-a deadly pang

Pierces my heart, and smites me through and

through .

CASSANDRA.

Woe for my town, my native perished town !

Not all the kine that fed in Troy's deep meads,

Which my sire offered to the Immortal Gods ,

Availed to save her towers from overthrow.

And I too, I, shall soon be lying low.

CHORUS.

Again, again, —sure some malignant God

Inspires thy mournful, deathsome melody ;

And what the issue I cannot foretell.
 63
Agamemnon .

CASSANDRA.

No longer shall my prophecy be dark,

And shrouded like a timid bride that peeps

From out her veil ; nay, rather like the wave

That at sun-rising tosses its white crest

Against the brightening line of angry sky

A woe yet greater than my own despair.

And now no more in riddles will I speak.
Then mark how I, like questing hound, pursue

With quick keen scent the track of ancient crime ;

For never shall they quit these halls, that ghastly

crew,

That sing in unison, not melody,

A masque of Sister Furies, drunk with blood

And ever-growing boldness. As they crouch,

They chaunt the story of an ancient curse—
The incestuous couch, a brother's shameful wrong,

A brother's deadly wrath .-Am I not right ?

Have I not hit, like archer true, the mark ?

Or like some babbling vagrant do I deal

In idle prophecy ? Come, swear to me and say

If I have truly told the ancient crimes

Of this devoted House ?
64 Agamemnon .

CHORUS.

Nay wherefore swear ?

What healing virtue in an oath ? And yet

How doth a stranger born beyond the seas

Speak of another land as though ' twere hers ?

CASSANDRA.

My prophet lore was by Apollo given.

CHORUS.

Was it for love of thee the God was moved ?

CASSANDRA.

Yes : but till now from shame I dared not speak.

CHORUS.

They who fare well, grow dainty in their talk.

CASSANDRA.

Full was the measure of his love and grace.

CHORUS.
*
And were ye joined in wedlock's solemn bond ?
 Agamemnon . 65

CASSANDRA.

I pledged my troth and then deceived the God.

CHORUS.

But not until the soothsayer's art was thine ?

CASSANDRA.

E'en then I had foretold my country's woes .

CHORUS.

And didst thou go unscathed by Loxias' wrath ?

CASSANDRA.

It was my penalty that none believed .

CHORUS.

And yet to us thy warning words seem true.

CASSANDRA.

Woe's me-once more the spirit of my Art,

My true and dreadful Art, comes over me,

And racks and rends me as I strive to speak.

Lo ! where they crouch, like phantoms of a dream,

F
66 Agamemnon .

The forms of children foully done to death

By their own kindred , holding in their hands

Their own flesh and their entrails -piteous sight —
On which their sire himself must feast anon .

And now, in retribution for these deeds,

There plotteth one against my master's life

My master ? Yes, for am I not a slave ?—

There plotteth, wallowing in another's lair,

A treacherous, craven lion in the house ;
And little dreams the conqueror of Troy,

The ruler of the fleet, how She forsooth,

With tongue of hateful dog and fawning mien,

Like some sad secret Destiny, shall bring
These woeful fortunes to their fatal end.

She dares it all-the woman dares to be

The slayer of the man. But how shall I

Rightly declare her ?-amphisbœna dire ?

Or some rock-haunting Scylla, fatal curse
Of mariner ? or raging dam of Hell,
Breathing fierce war on kith and kin and friends ?
Hark ! how she shouted o'er him as men shout

When turns the battle ! Yet she feigns to feel

Joy in his safe return ! But ' tis all one
 Agamemnon . 67

Whether my words gain credence-time shall

show :

And thou ere long shalt see, and pitying own

I was in sooth too true a prophetess .

CHORUS.

When thou didst tell me of Thyestes' feast

I understood , and held my breath for awe,

To hear the truth, the very truth, declared :

But for the rest of thy mysterious words,

Like runner in a race, I run at fault.

CASSANDRA.

Thou Agamemnon's death thyself shalt see.

CHORUS.

Hush ! wretched woman , keep thy lips from ill .

CASSANDRA.

This is an ill beyond the healer's art.

CHORUS.

May Heaven in mercy spare what you foretell .

F 2
68 Agamemnon .

CASSANDRA.

While you protest, they plan the murderous deed .

CHORUS.

Who is the man to do this cursed act ?

CASSANDRA.

Your question shows you miss my true intent.

CHORUS.

I cannot comprehend these guilty plots .

CASSANDRA.

'Tis not because I do not speak thy tongue .

CHORUS.

Aye-and canst prophesy, though dark thy speech.

CASSANDRA.

Gods ! I'm consumed by the prophetic fire

*
Woe's me, Apollo, Slayer of the Wolves ;

* Lycæan or Slayer of Wolves was one of Apollo's attributes. In

another of the Æschylean Plays he is entreated to slay the enemies even
 Agamemnon . 69

This human lioness, the base wolf's mate,

What time the generous lion's far from home,

Shall murder me. Aye, as she whets her sword

To slay the man, like one who drugs the bowl,

She pours into the cup of wrath my life,

Repaying by my death my bringing here.

Why wear I then the symbols of my art

The prophet's necklace, the diviner's staff ?

They shall not live at least to see my doom—

Go to destruction, whither I go too,—

Go and enrich some other hapless maid.

Aye-He himself looks on and sees me scorned,

Unjustly scorned by friends and foes alike,
Tricked in these idle gawds-Apollo, He

Now strips me bare of my prophetic robe ;

And I, who have endured to bear the name

Of poor, starved, lying vagrant,—I, on whom,

A prophetess, the prophet God has wreaked
His vengeance, now am led to Death's dark road .

And ' stead of altar in my father's house,

as he once slew the wolves ( Sep. c. Theb. 131 ). And here in similar
fashion his wrath is invoked against the base wolf Ægisthus who is
plotting the murder of the noble lion Agamemnon.
70 Agamemnon .

The block now waits me with its murderous

stroke .

Yet shall we not fall unavenged by Heaven,

For there shall come one to requite our death ;

A mother's slayer, one who shall exact

Price for a father's life. Yes, though afar

He wanders exiled and outcast from home,

Yet shall he come to gladden his friends' eyes,

And place the crowning and the coping stone

On this dark cruel work of destiny.

For a great oath is registered above,

That his dead sire lying with upturned face

Shall bring him home. But why make I this

moan

I who have seen the ruin of fair Troy,

I who now see her conquerors in turn

By Heaven's decree departing to their place ?

Shall I not also go, and dare to die ?

I make my prayer unto the gates of Death,

That without moan or struggle, while life's

blood

Flows freely ' neath the mortal stroke, my spirit

May pass away, and my eyes close in night.

 Agamemnon . 71

CHORUS.

O maiden most unfortunate, most wise ,

If in thy long and woeful prophecy

Thou truly know'st thy fate, how dost thou

dare

To walk unmoved and fearless to thy doom ,

Like some poor heifer to the sacrifice ?

CASSANDRA.

'Tis but a respite-there is no escape.

CHORUS.

Yet he who suffers last, doth gain in time.

CASSANDRA.

My day hath come : ' twere little worth to fly.

CHORUS.

Thy daring spirit leads thee to thy doom .

CASSANDRA.

Yet to die nobly is a gift from God.

72 Agamemnon .

CHORUS.

The happy tell , forsooth, another tale.

CASSANDRA.

Alas, my sire, for thee and for thy race !

CHORUS.

What dost thou strain at with such fearful eyes ?

CASSANDRA.

Alas-alas !

CHORUS.

What is this secret terror of thy soul ?

CASSANDRA.

The smell of blood is clinging to these walls.

CHORUS.

'Tis but the odour of the sacrifice.

CASSANDRA.

Nay-' tis the reek as of some charnel house.

 Agamemnon . 73

CHORUS.

Thy words at least breathe not of Syrian balm .

CASSANDRA.

Yes-I will go, and in these halls will chaunt

The dirge of Agamemnon and myself.

Enough of life.-Farewell, my friends-and yet

'Tis not for fear I shrink like the poor bird

That vainly shivers at the deadly snare.

Nay, bear me witness in my coming death—

When in my place another woman dies,

And in the place of an ill-mated man

Another man shall fall, witness my words

I claim this boon as one about to die.

CHORUS.

Thou hast my pity in thy foreseen doom .

CASSANDRA.

Yet once again I'll sing my dying strain ;

And as I look the last time on the sun,

I call on my avengers to repay

Vengeance upon my murderers for me,

74 Agamemnon .

A helpless captive and an easy prey.

Alas for human fortunes ! In the hour

Of triumph shaken by a shadow's shade,

And in adversity their record washed

As with a sponge from off the page of life.

Of two such ills I pity most the last .

CASSANDRA enters the Palace.

CHORUS.

Alas for human happiness,

Howsoever great it be—

Mortals never wish it less ;

Never comes satiety .

No man warns the rich and great

From the shelter of his gate.

By the gracious will of Heaven

To our sovereign Lord ' twas given

To subdue great Priam's town

And see his native land once more,

Crowned with glory and renown .

But now if in the hour

Of pride and conscious power

He dies, and pays unto the dead

1
 Agamemnon . 75

The price of blood once foully shed

In the distant days of yore,

Who amongst mortal men shall dare

To count his life as free from care ?

AGAMEMNON (within).

Help ! I am smitten with a deadly blow.

IST CHORUS.

Silence ! Who says he's wounded fatally ?

AGAMEMNON.

Help ! help ! I'm smitten by another blow.

2ND CHORUS.

Our Sovereign's cries declare the deed is done.

3RD CHORUS.

Come, let us counsel take for action sure.

4TH CHORUS.

I give my voice that we should straitly call

Here to the rescue Argos' citizens .

76 Agamemnon .

5TH CHORUS.

My counsel is-fall on at once and find

Proof of the deed in the blood -dripping blade.

6TH CHORUS.

I do agree, and vote for action swift ;

This bloody juncture will not brook delay.

7TH CHORUS.

The signs are clear. It is the overture

Of the new tyranny they meditate.

8TH CHORUS .

While we debate, they trample under foot

Thought for delay-their right hand slumbers not.

9TH CHORUS.

I know not what to counsel. We as yet

Know not the author of the bloody deed .

IOTH CHORUS.

I do agree. Pause we awhile ; for sure

Words will not call the dead to life again .
 Agamemnon . 77

IITH CHORUS.

What ! Shall we live by base consent to those

Whose usurpation ' tis a shame to bear ?

12TH CHORUS.

That were past suff'rance. Let us fall like men,

For better far is death than slavery.

13TH CHORUS .

But hold- are we prepared to say these groans

Are certain proof of this man's bloody end ?

14TH CHORUS .

True-let us know for sure of what we speak ;

For guess and knowledge ever are at strife.

15TH CHORUS.

By many reasons moved I give my vote

That we should learn how Agamemnon fares.

Enter CLYTEMNESTRA.*

CLYTEMNESTRA.

If oft I spake in different strain from what

The scene was here probably opened, and a wheeled platform

brought forward showing the dead bodies of Agamemnon and
 n
78 Agamemno .

I now shall speak, for this I take no shame.

How else could we under affection's guise,

In deadly conflict with our deadly foes,

Entrap them in a snare whose fatal bounds
Transcend their utmost power to escape ?

Though long I waited, long I did forecast

This final wrestle of an ancient feud .

The deed is done. I smote him where I stand ;

I smote him-yes, I scorn to lie-past cure

And past escape. Round him I wrapp'd the
robe

With its entangling and destroying folds,

Like net around the fish . I smote him twice,

And with two groans he slack'd his limbs in

death :

Then as he lay I dealt him a third blow,

As a thanksgiving to the Infernal God,

The Keeper of the Dead. Thus chafing sore

In rage and impotence he falls and dies ;

And as in blood he gasps away his breath

Cassandra, with Clytemnestra standing over them. Therefore she

says, " I smote him where I stand ; " and the Chorus, later on, " See
her-like hateful raven o'er him stand."
 Agamemnon . 79

One drop of that black gory dew springs forth

And falls upon me-with as soft a touch

As heaven-sent rain upon the teeming corn .

Wherefore, ye Argive Elders, shout for joy—

If ye rejoice. I glory in the deed .
And were it meet, I would libation make

Over this corpse : for just it were that he

Who filled our cup with curses to the brim

In life, should dying drain it to the dregs.

CHORUS.

We marvel at thy bold bad speech-who thus

Over thy murdered husband boastest loud.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Ye reason with me e'en as though I were

Some witless woman- praise me, as ye list,

Or blame, ' tis all alike. Yet I will say,

With fearless heart, to those who know me well

" Here Agamemnon lies, my husband once,

" And now a corpse -the work of my right

hand

" My justice -dealing hand ." -My say is said .

80 Agamemnon.

CHORUS.

In earth's dark breast what poison'd weed,

What drug from out the flowing sea

Has maddened thee to do this deed,

And take this load of guilt on thee ?

Thou hast on thee a people's hate,
Thou hast cast off and slain thy mate ;

And thou from Argos shalt most surely be

Outcast and loathed for thy impiety.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

And dare you solemnly adjudge me thus

To public hatred and to exile's ban ?

You who did never charge reproof on him ?

Who with unnumbered sheep within his folds,

And, as tho' slaughtering some worthless beast,

Chose his own daughter for the sacrifice

My dearest darling--by her blood to charm

Into repose the boisterous winds of Thrace.

Was it not meet in retribution just

For such foul crimes to cast him forth the land ?

Yet soon as you hear tell of my misdeeds,

Straightway you judge me guilty. But beware :

 Agamemnon . 81

You threaten one who renders like for like.

Rule me, if you by the strong hand can rule ;

But if God otherwise decree, be sure

You shall learn wisdom, though you learn it late .

CHORUS.

Proud of soul and speech thou art,

Murder maddens in thy heart ;

And there glistens on thy brow

A dark spot that will not go,

And cries for vengeance. But the time

Shall surely come, when friendless thou
Stroke for stroke, and blow for blow,

Shalt expiate thy deadly crime .

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Hearken ye further to my solemn oath :

Yes I swear by the vengeance I have wrought

For my dead child —by Até, Goddess stern ,

And the dread Fury, unto whom this day
I sacrificed that man, I have no thought

So long as he, Ægisthus ever kind,

My buckler of defence, abideth here,

82
Agamemnon.

Lighting my fire upon the household hearth

I have no thought to tread the halls of Fear.

Yes-low he lies, that woman's paramour,

The minion of his Trojan Chryseids .

Low too she lies, captive and soothsayer,

The fortune-telling partner of his couch,

His faithful friend and mate, who shared with him

The rude seats of his ship. They have fared well.

He here lies dead. She by her lover's side,

Like swan that chaunts her death-wail, she too lies,

And in her death a dainty vengeance brings

For the wrong done unto my marriage bed.

CHORUS.

Would that withcut the pang of pain or fret of slow

disease

Swift death might come with endless sleep and

bring unto me ease ;

Now that my dearest Lord and King,

Through a woman suffering ,

By a woman's hand lies slain .

Insensate Helen ! thou didst once destroy

Lives, many lives beneath the walls of Troy.

 Agamemnon . 83

Alone thou didst it . Now again

Thou givest bloom and perfect life

To that immemorial strife

Which once blazed high within these halls,

And now upon their master falls,

With doom and desolation rife.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Seek not death to set thee free ;

Blame not Helen, as though she

Alone upon our host had brought

Death and ruin, and had wrought

Never ending misery.

CHORUS.

Dark Fiend, whose vengeful force doth fall

On the twin line and royal hall

Of ancient Tantalus -thy sway

Wielded by a woman's hand,

Smites like stroke of piercing brand.—

See her-mark her, where he lay,
Like hateful raven o'er him stand,

Chaunting a foul discordant lay.

G 2
 1

84
Agam .
emno
n

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Rightly, truly dost thou name

In thy words the cause of ill—

The ancient Demon of the race,

From whom the lust of blood once came,

By whom that lust is nurtured still ;

For ere the old wound heals, the new one bleeds

apace.

CHORUS.

In mighty strength, in deadly ire,

Comes that Demon's visitation ,

And in sequence grim conspire

Insatiate woe and desolation.

But Jove, alas, and Jove alone

This woe has caused , this deed has wrought,

For amongst mortals there is nought

But by Jove's will and power is done.

O my gracious Lord and King,

How shall I bewail thy fate ?

How to thee my tribute bring,

Tender and affectionate ?

In this spider's web entangled ,

 Agamemnon . 85

Slain by an unholy death,

By the two edged falchion mangled ,

Dying thou didst yield thy breath .

Woe for thy bloody and unhonoured tomb,

Woe for thy cruel and perfidious doom.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Think not I did the deed , nor dream

That I am truly what I seem :

I am not Agamemnon's mate,

But the fierce fiend, the avenging Fate,

Atreus' cruel feast repaying ,

Full-grown man for children slaying,

In her semblance incarnate.

CHORUS.

Though the dread fiend, that watches o'er

The ancestral curse from days of yore,

Gave his aid, thou shalt not be

From this guiltiness set free.

Borne upon streams of kindred blood,
The God of slaughter speeds his way ;
86 Agamemnon .

Nor shall he check his course or stay

The torrent of that darkling flood ,

Till full vengeance he hath ta'en

For those children foully slain .

O my gracious Lord and King,
How shall I bewail thy fate ?

How to thee my tribute bring,

Tender and affectionate ?

In this spider's web entangled ,

Slain by an unholy death,

By the two-edged falchion mangled,

Dying thou didst yield thy breath .

Woe for thy bloody and unhonoured tomb,

Woe for thy cruel and perfidious doom .

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Yet not unworthy was his doom ,

Who brought this curse upon our home,

And slew his child- his child and mine
The offshoot of a common line,

For whom my tears shall ever flow,

For whom my grief no bounds shall know.

Yes-let him go and boast below,

 87
Agamemnor.

For bloody deeds that he hath done,

By death his bloody guerdon won.

CHORUS.

With reason reft and reeling brain

I strive to think and strive in vain :

Where shall I turn or whither go !

Now the Royal House lies low ;

Whilst around me falls amain

Not in drops the bloody rain ;

Shaking ever, as it falls,

To their base the palace walls ?

And now again remorseless Fate

For another deed of hate

Sharpens the edge of Justice' sword .

O Earth, Earth, Earth, would in thy breast

My weary limbs had sunk to rest,

Ere I had seen my dearest Lord

In bath of silver lying low,

Where he met his deadly blow.

Who shall bury ? Who shall mourn ?

Thou, his murderess, wilt thou dare

With tearful chaunt and funeral prayer
88 Agamemnon.

To speed him to his final bourne?

Ah ! thankless honours to the dead,

Who by thy hand is lowly laid

CLYTEMNESTRA.

By our hand he fell and died ;

Our hand shall his grave provide ,

Though no mourning throng attend

To convoy him to his end.
Fret thee not with care like this.

Him lovingly his child shall meet

By the swift stream of sighs, and greet
With fond embrace and tender kiss .

CHORUS .

Hard it is to speak, I ween,

Judgment fair such foes between :

Yet reproach and mortal blame

Ever follow wrong and shame ;

He who spoiled, is spoiled again,

He who slew in turn is slain ;

And, while Jove himself endure,

Stands this doom for ever sure—
 Agamemnon . 89

That the doer of the deed

Shall receive the fitting meed .

Ah ! who can banish from these walls

The ancestral curse of Destiny ?

' Tis wedded to these ancient halls.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Now thou speakest true, and I

With the Demon of the race

Will compact make most willingly

That I this burden bear ; and he

Faring hence to other place,

Shall to murderous feud consign

Members of another line.

Enough for me some slender share

Of household wealth, if free from care ;

So the House released may be

From this deadly frenesy.

Enter ÆGISTHUS.

ÆGISTHUS.

Now hath the light of this most welcome day

Brought round the hour of vengeance. Surely now

90 Agamemnon .

The blessed Gods, avengers of men's sins,

Watch from high heaven these cursed deeds of

wrong .
So say I now, when, to my heart's content,

I see him lie entangled in the robe,

Whose woven meshes the dread Furies cast

Around him, and behold him expiate

In his own death his father's treachery.

For this man's father, Atreus, when of yore

He ruled in Argos, moved by rivalry,

Drove from his home and native land my sire

Thyestes, his own brother. Yet ere long

Returned Thyestes from his exile, and,

Sitting a suppliant at the household hearth,

Found an escape from punishment and death .

And then, in token of good faith and love,

Atreus, the accursed father of this man,

Making pretence of gladsome holiday,

In solemn banquet, spread before my sire

The flesh of his own children. At the board

Atreus sat all apart, in fragments small

Mincing the tender joints of hand and foot ;

While, all in ignorance, my sire partook

 Agamemnon . 91

The fiendish food disastrous to our House.

But when he knew the truth, spurning the

feast,
And sickening o'er the loathly butchery,

With loud lament and imprecations dire

On the Pelopidæ, he made his prayer

That deep destruction might o'erwhelm the

race.

Therefore this man was slain ; and therefore I

Did righteously devise this deed of blood

I who was once with my sad sire driven forth,

His thirteenth child, a tender babe ; and whom

Avenging justice hath brought back to-day.

Far off I wove the cunning snare. Far off

I smote him. Death were welcome now that I

See him within the toils of vengeance ta'en.

CHORUS.

Foul fare the man who vaunts himself upon

Others' calamities-foul the boast that thou

Alone didst plan and do this murderous deed .

The wrath and fury of a people's hate,

Be well assured, shall fall upon thy head.

92 Agamemnon .

ÆGISTHUS.

Dar'st thou speak thus to me, presumptuous slave,

The lowest rower in the ship of State ?

Old as thou art, thou shalt perforce with grief

Learn to be wise : for chains and hunger's pangs

Are stern physicians to the wayward mind,

E'en of old age. Hast thou not eyes to see ?

Kick not against the pricks, lest thou shouldst

fall.

CHORUS.

And couldst thou, woman, plot against thy Lord,

Thy warrior Lord returning from the fight,

Foul murder and dishonour ? Thou, who wert

The guardian of his house.

ÆGISTHUS.

Forbear-these words

Are the forerunners of a bitter strife .

Thy tongue hath none of Orpheus' harmony ;

For by the gladsome strains of his sweet voice

He drew all nature captive : thou like cur,

Whose senseless yelping angers but harms not,

 Agamemnon . 93

Shalt be led captive, till thou learn'st to be

Gentler of speech.

CHORUS.

And dream'st thou then , fair Lord,

That thou forsooth shalt rule in Argos ? Thou—

Thou, who didst plot, but dar'dst not do the deed ?

ÆGISTHUS.

Treason is woman's work-She did the deed :

For I, his ancient foeman, was suspéct,

And might not slay him : but his hoarded wealth

Is mine and makes me King in Argos now.

And every rebel I will bind , like colt

O'erfed and wanton, in a heavy yoke,

Till hunger's pangs and darkness' kindred pow'r

Tame his unruly spirit to obey.

CHORUS.

Coward, thou didst not dare to slay thy foe ;

But she, his wife, abhorred of God and man ,

She did the deed . And lives Orestes yet ?

Lives he to come with favouring Fortune's aid,

And vengeance take on this accursed pair ?

94 Agamemnon .

ÆGISTHUS .

Beware-a reck'ning comes for speech like this.

CHORUS.

Ho to the rescue !-strife is near at hand .

ÆGISTHUS.
+

CHORUS.

Ho there ! my comrades-out with every blade.

ÆGISTHUS.

I too fear not to die with hand on hilt.

CHORUS.

We take thee at thy word-for die thou shalt.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Forbear, dear friend, we will not shed more blood.

Enough-more than enough of woe is wrought,

The line is wanting in the original.

 Agamemnon . 95

And sad the harvest which our hands must

reap .

Go hence, old men, to your appointed homes

Before ye suffer aught. We are content

To bear the lot of our own act and choice ;

And of man's common heritage of woe

We have our share. Us the fell demon's wrath

Hath sorely smitten- Such the counsel which

A woman gives, if men will heed her words.

ÆGISTHUS.

But shall they flout the rulers of the land,

Giving free licence to a slanderous tongue,

And scattering words of senseless arrogance ?

CHORUS.

A free-born Argive knows not how to cringe.

ÆGISTHUS.

The day will come when I shall reach thee yet.

CHORUS.

Not if Heaven leads Orestes safely home.

 n
96 emno
Agam .

ÆGISTHUS.

Aye -outcasts feed their minds on airy hopes !

CHORUS .

Do then thy will-befoul fair Justice' form ,

Fatten and thrive on wrong . Thou hast the power .

ÆGISTHUS.

Thou shalt repay me for this insolence.

CHORUS.

Go ! Utter loud and confident thy boasts ,

Like shrill-tongued cock that struts beside its mate.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Heed not their currish snarls : we two, methinks ,

Can rule and order all things in our home.

THE END .

BRADBURY, Agnew, & co. , PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS.

 50A, ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON,
January, 1878.

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8 LIST OF WORKS

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 PUBLISHED BY MR. MURRAY . 9

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 n
96 emno
Agam .

ÆGISTHUS.

Aye-outcasts feed their minds on airy hopes !

CHORUS .

Do then thy will-befoul fair Justice' form ,

Fatten and thrive on wrong. Thou hast the power.

ÆGISTHUS.

Thou shalt repay me for this insolence .

CHORUS.

Go! Utter loud and confident thy boasts,

Like shrill-tongued cock that struts beside its mate.

CLYTEMNESTRA.

Heed not their currish snarls : we two, methinks,

Can rule and order all things in our home.

THE END .

BRADBURY, AGNEW, & Co., PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS.

 50A, ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON,
January, 1878.

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10 LIST OF WORKS

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Greek 5-4
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