Strand: Plants

BLOCK

Nutrition in
Plants 1

WHAT WE WILL LEARN

There are fwo main modes of nutition in plants called autotrophic and
heterotrophic nutrition.
Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, amount of water, and
temperature are factors that affect photosynthesis.
Most parasitic plants do not contain chlorophyll and get their nutrion
from the host plant,
Some plants that photosynthesize still depend on other organisms for certaín 1
nutrients, and some absorb nutrients fromdead and decaying matter.
Lesson1
Modes of Nutrition
in Plants
Al living organisms need food for growth and development. The process by which organisms obtotin h
for use in their body is called nutrition.

Plants show two modes of nutrition: autotrophic and heterotrophic.

Nutrition in Plants
Autotrophic nutition: Heterotrophic nutrition:
A
mode of nutrition in which Amode of nutrition in which plants depend on
plants make their own food other organisms for food
by photosyrnthesis

Parasitic nutrition: Cuscuta plant

Saprophytic nutrition: Indian pipe plant

Tomato plant

Insectivorous nutrition: Venus flytrap

Grade7Biology 9 XSEEDEducato
How autotrophic plants make their food
Most plants contain agreen pigment called chlorophyl that helps
them make their own food by photosynthesis (photo'- light,
'synthesis' -make). Chlorophyll traps the light energy and plants Use it
to synthesize glucose using carbon dioxide and water.
The glucose is converted to starch and stored in the leaves and other
parts of the plant.
The elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen present in glucose are
Used byplants to synthesize fats and proteins. To make proteins,
plants also need nitrogen which they get from the soil with the help of
nitrogen-fixing bacteria or nitrogen-rich fertilizers added by humans.
Sunlight
Carbon dioxide Oxygen

Leaves take in
2 carbon dioxide
from the air Green leaves
through stomata. capture sunlight to
make cartbohydrate
Using carbon
dioxide and water.

Glucose

The plant
absorbs water
and minerals
from the soil.

Water
Minerals

Practice Questions
[Link] the plants that showautotrophic nutrition.
A. Mango tree B. CUSCUta C. Indian pipe plant D. Banyan tree
[Link] is the mode of nutriion of a pine tree growing on mountain soil different from that of an
Indian pipe plant growing on dead, decaying leaves?
p3. How does adding feilizer to the soil help an auttrophic plant make proteins?

XSEED Block 1. Nutrition in Plants

Lesson 2
Factors Affecting
Photosynthesis The rate of photosynthesis depends on threee
intensity, temperature, and amount of cartbonfadoyito
ctors iht
Plants need light, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide,
and water to make glucose by photosynthesis.
Oxygen gas is released as a by-product of
photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis is Photosynthesis
ofRate Rate of Temperature: Plants nest
suitable temperature to
measured by measuring the amount of oxygen photosynthesis
evolved per minute. increases with
B
After a point,
It decreases
perfom photosynthesis W
Increase In
temperature with increase increase in temperature, the
in temperature rate of photosynthesis also
Oxygen production by increases. In many plants
photosynthesis C
maximUM rate is seen
between 30-40 C. The ote
.Oxygen
Temperature lin C)
decreases beyond 40-45
0xygen bubbles
as enzymes get denatued
at high temperature.
Thermometer.
Light intensity: Increasing
Photosynthesis
ofte After a point, it remains ihe intensitiy of light beyond
Lamp
constant with increasing
Water apoint caUses a
light intensity.
3 C breakdown of chloroph,
Rate of photosynthesis
and photosynthesis sops
ALight
increases with increasing
light intensity.
.Pond weed
Light intensity
Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose+ Oxygen
Light Energy
Carbon dioxide: The rated
The rate of formation of oxygen bubbles by the After a point, it remains
ofPhotosynthesis
Rate constant with increasing photosynthesis increos
plant in the experimental set-up is used to carbon dioxide. when there is more caton
investigate the factors affecting the rate of B C dioxide in the suroundng
photosynthesis. This happens up to apot
Rate of photosynthesis
increases with increasing
after which the rte ot
carbon dioxide. photosynthesiswont
changewithchangein
diox
Amount of CO, amountofcarbon
Practice Questions
[Link] if True or False.
A. The rate of photosynthesis in most
plantswithis antheincrease
B. The rate of photosynthesis decreases highestinbetween 30°C ofand
the amount carbon
40 dioxideinhe
surroundings.
C. Oxygen is one of the raw
[Link] wOuld the rate of
materials for photosynthesis.
photosynthesis
change if the SUrroundings changes
answer. temperature the
frorm 30° to 60°C? Give a of
reason for your
D 3. Draw a graph to show howlight intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. In the grapn, witehow
the
rate of photosynihesis changes with light
intensity.
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Lesson 3
Parasitic Nutrition
Parasitic nutrition is atype of heterotrophic nutrition in which a plant grows and lives on other plants.
Ahost is a green autotrophic plant e Parasitic plants grow on host
that gets hamed by the parasite. plants. They generally lack
chlorophyll and leaves and
cannot photosynthesize.

Parasitic plants have hook

like haustoria that penetrate
into the host to absorb water
or nutrients.

Types of Parasitic Plants

Semi-parasites Total parasites

Mistletoe: A Rafflesia: A
photosynthetic non-photosynthetic
plant that uses plant that obtains
the host plant nutrients and water
for water and from the host roots
minerals

Sandalwood Orobanche
plant: A minor: A
photosyniheic non-photosynthetic
plant that plant that obtains
obBains water food from other
from the roots of host plants
neighbouring
plants

Practice Questions.
o1. IAutotrophic/Parasitic) plants live on other plants called the (partner/host!.
Most of these plants do not contain (chlorophyl/stems). They obtain food from the
Ihost/dead matter.
2. Plant Xhas no leaves or chlorophylland lives by attaching itself to another plant Y. Plant Yneeds
sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide io grow. Plant Xwould die in few days if separated from plant Y.
A. What are the modes of nutrition of plant Xand plant Y?
[Link] 2 differences between the ways in which plant Xand plant Yobtain their food.
3. The Viscum plant has leaves and chlorophyll but it grows on trees and extracts water from them.
Which mode of nutrition does the Viscum show? Justify.

XSEED Block1. Nutritionin Plants

Lesson 4
Insectivorous and
Saprophytic Nutrition
Some plants obtain their nourishment from tiny animals like insects. Such plants are called insectivorous nlornk
Insectivorous plants Can be photosynthetic and also feed on and digestinsects to meettheir nitrogen
Venus fiytrap has leaves Insectivorous plants requirement
These plants have special charateristics
modified like a shut-trap. have modified plant like strong smell, colourful
parts to trap insects. or sticky sap to attract the appearance,
insects.

Pitcher plant has leaves modified like

pitchers that are filled with water-like sap
to attract insects.

Some heterotrophic plants obtain nutrition from dead and rotting matter and are called saprophytic plants.
Indian pipe plant Snow plant Bird's nest orchid

Saprophytic plants grow on dead Saprophytic plants lack chlorophyll. These plants have fungal
and decaying matter. associations in their roots. The
fungi digest the decaying mater
Practice Questions and the plant absortbs the
nutrients from the fungi.
|[Link] are the types of heterotrophic nutrition that dont
Did YouKnow?
ham other plants?
2. Plant P grows on nitrogen-deficient soil and has a The Drosera or
colourful appearance to attract insects. Plant Qgrows Sundew plant bears
on the soil and has green leaves. PlantR grows on the flowers with tiny hair
dried leaves that have fallen from plant Q. that secrete a sticky
A. What is the mode of nutition of plants P, Q, and R? substance to attract
B. How is the mode of nutition of plant Q different from insects. The sticky
that of plants P and R? Substance appears
like drops of dew on each hair and
P 3. Drawa graphic organizer to show different types of hence the name Sundew. The insects
nutrition in plants. In the graphic organizer, write a
stick to the sticky dew and the flower
one-line explanation of each type of nutrition and folds itself engulfing the insect.
highlight the mode of nutrition that harms other plants.
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Grade 7. Biology
 In ClasS: Practice Qestions

photosynthetic sandalwood
Lesson 1: Modes of Nutrition in Plants 3. While growing also grow four or five trees
[Link] if True or False. plants, farmers sandalwood trees to
A. Autotrophic plants make protein through next to them. This helps the surrounding
photosynthesis. get water and nutrients fronm
nutrition of
B. All heterotrophic plants depend on otther trees. What is the mode of
plants to obtain their food. sandalwood and why?
C. Green leaves of plants
synthesize food
through photosynthesis. Lesson 4: Insectivorous and Saprophytic Nutrition
2. Write one similarity and one [Link] plants obtain nutrients from
difference
between autotrophic and heterotrophic (dead matter/insects) and
nutrition in plants. insectivorous plants obtain their food from
3. Pulses are ich sources of plant linsects/other plantsl.
diet. How proteins in our
do green plants get nitrogen for (Heterotrophic/Autotrophic
making protein? plants make their food through
(photosynthesis/nitrogen).
Lesson 2: Factors Affecting 2. Plant Dis anon-photosynthetic plant that
Photosynthesis
[Link] of these affect the rate of grows on dead and decaying matter, whereas
photosynthesis of a plant? plant Etraps flies and grows on soil that lacks
A. Intensity of light nitrogen.
B.
C. Hydrogen
in the A. What is the mode of nutrition of
Carbon dioxide insurroundings
the plant E?
plant D and
D. Temperature of the surrOundings
E. Nitrogen in the surroundings B. What is the difference
between the
[Link] the rate of
surroundings nutition of plant D and plant E? mode of
be the same or photosynthesis of a plant [Link] the 3 types of heterotrophic
on asunny day, different
on a cloudy day and
with other conditions nutrition
parasitic, saprophytic, and insectivorouS
remaining the samne? Why? which type is -
beneficial to nature? Why?
[Link] does the rate of Notes
and then become
photosynthesis
increase with the increase in carbon
first
dioxide
constant?
Lesson 3:
Parasitic Nutrition
1.A
non-photosynthetic plant Blives on another
plant and obtains nutrition
the mode of from it. What is
nutrition
A. Autotrophic nutrition
of plant B?
B. Parasitic nutrition
C. Saprophytic nutrition
D. Insectivorous nutrition
P 2. Draw a Venn
diagram to compare parasitic
plants with autotrophic
get nutrition and their plants in the way they
effect on other plants.

XSEED
 My Learning Chart
(EE)
FAllin the boxes to complete the chart of nutrition in plants.

Nutrition in plants

Autotrophic

How do they get Parasitic

nutrition?
Grow on dead and
decaying mater and
get nutrients from it.

Project Work A-Z GlosSary

enzyme: a substance that is produced by al
living organisms and that helpsa chemical
reaction happen or happen more quickly, without
being changed itself
host: an organism upon which another animal or
plant lives and feeds
insectivorous: feeding on insects
light intensity: the strength of light that can be
measured

nutrifion: the process of obtaining nutients from

food and utilizing them for various life processes
organic: denoting chemical compounds that
contain cabon and mainly or ultimately come
Visit a greenhouse. Observe the infrastructure and from living things
plants. Interview the staff members and prepare a
report on how they maintain proper light, rate of photosynthesis: measurement of the speed
at which photosynthesis happens
fermperature, water, and carbon dioxide for plants.
Add details of how these factors help the growth saiprophyic: Iving organisms that obtain nutients
of plants. from dead and decaying matter

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