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Past Papers for Mids./Finals are also Available
1. Which of the following represents variables that are manipulated or controlled to test their effect on
other variables?
- A) Intervening variables
- B) Dependent variables
- C) Independent variables
- D) Abstract concepts
- **Correct option: C) Independent variables**
2. Scientific research in sociology moves beyond common sense and ____________ prevailing beliefs
about social life.
- A) Accept
- B) Challenge
- **Correct option: A) Accept**
3. What is the primary focus of structural functionalism?
- A) Rapid change in social structures
- B) Relationship between social structure and social order
- C) Studying cultural diversity and its impact on society
- D) Analyzing individual behaviors and attitudes
- **Correct option: B) Relationship between social structure and social order**
4. Which of the following research approaches in sociology tests existing theories and hypotheses?
- A) Inductive approach
- B) Correlational approach
- C) Comparative approach
- D) Deductive approach
- **Correct option: D) Deductive approach**
5. According to the sociological perspective, what is at the heart of understanding human behavior?
- A) Genetic factors
- B) Social contexts
- C) Individual psychology
- D) Cultural heritage
- **Correct option: B) Social contexts**
6. Communication, both verbal and non-verbal, ________ across cultures.
- A) Vary and changes
- B) Remains unchanged
- C) Is universal
- D) Remains constant
- **Correct option: A) Vary and changes**
7. Which perspective views society as a harmonious whole with interrelated parts working together?
- A) Postmodernism
- B) Structural functionalism
- C) Conflict theory
- **Correct option: B) Structural functionalism**
8. Selecting a random sample ensures that everyone in the target population has an equal chance of
being included in the study.
- A) False
- B) True
- **Correct option: B) True**
9. Social problems arise from structural factors and have implications for individuals and society.
- A) False
- B) True
- **Correct option: B) True**
10. Structural functionalism suggests that social equilibrium is achieved through cooperation and mutual
dependency.
- A) False
- B) True
- **Correct option: B) True**
1. One of the goals of science is to develop vague and unclear definitions for concepts.
Options:
A) False
B) True
Correct Option: A) False
2. What is the term used to describe the way academic sociology makes knowledge public, "objective,"
and subject to critique?
Options:
A) Causal mechanism
B) Common sense
C) Social causality
D) Public sociology
Correct Option: D) Public sociology
3. Which of the following concepts is defined as an understanding of how our personal lives are
connected to the broader social world?
Options:
A) Social deviancy
B) Sociological surveys
C) Sociological research
D) Sociological imagination
Correct Option: D) Sociological imagination
4. Sociologists often rely on common sense for their research instead of following a structured process.
Options:
A) False
B) True
Correct Option: A) False
5. Social problems arise from structural factors and have implications for individuals and society.
Options:
A) True
B) False
Correct Option: A) True
6. Diffusion is the process of:
Options:
A) Spreading cultural traits from one culture to another
B) Material culture changes more quickly than non-material
C) Feeling that our own culture is inferior to another culture
D) Spreading cultural traits from one culture to another
Correct Option: A) Spreading cultural traits from one culture to another
7. What is the key to understanding how we view the world and communicate with one another, as per
symbolic interactionism?
Options:
A) Institutions
B) Symbols
C) Structures
D) Resources
Correct Option: B) Symbols
8. Competition is a pattern of interaction where people or groups __________ for shared goals
Options:
A) Contest
B) Cooperate
Correct Option: A) Contest
9. Symbolic interactionism emphasizes the importance of symbols, language, and social interaction in
shaping social relations.
Options:
A) True
B) False
Correct Option: A) True
10. Micro sociology primarily focuses on analyzing:
Options:
A) Everyday interactions
B) Large social structures
Correct Option: A) Everyday interactions
1. In the context of Pakistani society, a macro level analysis could include investigating the influence of:
- A) Individual beliefs and attitudes on gender roles
- B) None of the given options
- C) Cultural organizations in local communities
- D) Political structures on the distribution of power
- Correct Option: D) Political structures on the distribution of power
2. Which of the following involves conducting a study on the impact of social media on mental health
among Pakistani youth?
- A) Making generalizations based on data
- B) Defining the research problem
- C) Disseminating research findings
- D) Drawing conclusions from research
- Correct Option: B) Defining the research problem
3. You have gathered data from your survey about citizens' attitudes towards COVID-19 measures. What
comes next in the research process?
- A) Conducting interviews
- B) Designing unbiased questions for the next survey
- C) Selecting a representative sample
- D) Analyzing the data using descriptive or inferential statistics
- Correct Option: D) Analyzing the data using descriptive or inferential statistics
4. Symbolic interactionism emphasizes the importance of symbols, language, and social interaction in
shaping social relations.
- False
- True
- Correct Option: True
5. Why selection of a representative sample is crucial in survey research?
- A) To enhance the validity and reliability of the data
- B) To ensure complex statistical analysis
- C) To simplify the process of questionnaire design
- D) To improve the clarity of survey questions
- Correct Option: A) To enhance the validity and reliability of the data
6. According to the structural functionalist perspective, social problems arise when:
- A) Social institutions prioritize individual needs over collective goals
- B) Social structures do not support social change
- C) Interdependent parts of society fail to work together harmoniously
- D) When social institutions work properly
- Correct Option: C) Interdependent parts of society fail to work together harmoniously
7. Systematic research methods are not necessary to establish causal relationships.
- False
- True
- Correct Option: False
8. Correlation and causation are interchangeable terms when studying relationships between variables
in sociology.
- False
- True
- Correct Option: False
9. Social problems arise from structural factors and have implications for individuals and society.
- True
- False
- Correct Option: True
10. Social location of individual in society refers to:
- A) Geographical coordinates
- B) Personal preferences
- C) Their position in a society
- D) Physical location of individuals
- Correct Option: C) Their position in a society
1. Which of the following is the approach to understand the natural and social world?
- A) Empirical Investigation
- B) Logical Reasoning
- C) Scientific Method
- D) Theoretical Analysis
- Correct Option: C) Scientific Method
2. Micro level analysis in sociology focuses on individual actions, behaviors, and attitudes.
- A) True
- B) False
- Correct Option: A) True
3. Sociology is a science based on______________.
- A) Impracticality
- B) Objectivity
- C) Subjectivity
- Correct Option: B) Objectivity
4. Karl Marx believed that change occurs through social revolution, which is the driving force of:
- A) Economic stability
- B) Political upheaval
- Correct Option: A) Economic stability
5. Communication, both verbal and nonverbal, ________ across cultures.
- A) Vary and changes
- B) Remains constant
- C) Is universal
- Correct Option: A) Vary and changes
6. Post-colonialism focuses on the consequences of colonial rule and imperialism in its analysis of
society.
- A) True
- B) False
- Correct Option: A) True
7. Social norms, values, and beliefs have no influence on human actions and interactions.
- A) True
- B) False
- Correct Option: B) False
8. When people interact to gain something in return it is known as:
- A) Conflict
- B) Exchange
- C) Cooperation
- D) Competition
- Correct Option: B) Exchange
9. Questionnaires and interviews are two basic techniques for:
- A) Statistical analysis
- B) Experimental analysis
- Correct Option: A) Statistical analysis
10. Assimilation does not involve minority groups conforming to the culture of the dominant group.
- A) True
- B) False
- Correct Option: B) False
1. We make a lot of ___________ through observation of our surrounding.
- A) Rituals
- B) Generalization
- C) Research
- D) Rituals
- Correct Option: B) Generalization
2. Sociology is a science based on______________.
- A) Irrationality
- B) Objectivity
- C) Subjectivity
- D) Impracticality
- Correct Option: B) Objectivity
3. How did sociology challenge established thinking patterns?
- A) By discouraging critical analysis
- B) By promoting superstitions
- C) By encouraging traditional beliefs
- D) By offering new perspectives
- Correct Option: D) By offering new perspectives
4. Anomic suicide occurs when societal patterns are abruptly disrupted, resulting in a lack of:
- A) Moral values
- B) Social norms
- Correct Option: B) Social norms
5. Research often starts ___________ with a research problem or question.
- A) Imaginary
- B) Theoretical
- Correct Option: B) Theoretical
6. Considering alternative explanations is important when establishing causal relationships.
- A) True
- B) False
- Correct Option: A) True
7. Scientific research in sociology moves beyond common sense and ____________ prevailing beliefs
about social life.
- A) Challenge
- B) Accept
- Correct Option: A) Challenge
8. Assimilation does not involve minority groups conforming to the culture of the dominant group.
- A) True
- B) False
- Correct Option: B) False
9. In the context of surveys, what is an important characteristic of a random sample?
- A) It focuses on individuals who are most convenient to survey
- B) It includes only individuals who are readily available
- C) It ensures that everyone has an equal chance of being included
- D) It relies on voluntary participation only
- Correct Option: C) It ensures that everyone has an equal chance of being included
10. What are the criteria for establishing causation between two variables?
- A) Temporal priority, correlation, and ruling out alternative explanations
- B) Replication, correlation, and temporal priority
- C) Experimental design, correlation, and statistical significance
- D) Spurious correlation, ruling out alternative explanations, and random sampling
- Correct Option: A) Temporal priority, correlation, and ruling out alternative explanations
1. Which perspective views society as a harmonious whole with interrelated parts working together?
- Conflict theory
- Structural functionalism
- Symbolic interactionism
- Postmodernism
- Correct Option: Structural functionalism
2. Social interaction refers to the process by which people act and react in relation to non-human
entities.
- True
- False
- Correct Option: False
3. Symbolic interactionism focuses on understanding:
- Micro-level interactions and their meanings for individuals
- Large-scale social structures and institutions
- Global economic trends and developments
- Cultural patterns and social change
- Correct Option: Micro-level interactions and their meanings for individuals
4. Experiments are useful for determining ______ relationships between variables.
- Cause and effect
- Correlation and causation
- Correct Option: Cause and effect
5. What is the primary purpose of formulating a hypothesis in the research process?
- To define the operational definitions
- To identify the research problem
- To select a research method
- To predict relationship between variables
- Correct Option: To predict the relationship between variables
6. A social position held by a person in society is known as his/her:
- Status
- Personality
- Role
- Character
- Correct Option: Status
7. What is the sociological term for issues that go beyond the individual and conflict with certain social
values?
- Private matters
- Social problems
- Personal troubles
- Public concerns
- Correct Option: Public concerns
8. What should researchers do to ensure accurate observation data collection?
- Analyzing data using both qualitative and quantitative methods
- Identify the social setting and context of observation
- Conduct surveys alongside observations
- Rely solely on quantitative measurements
- Correct Option: Identify the social setting and context of observation
9. Herbert Spencer coined the phrase ________ to describe the evolution of societies, emphasizing the
survival of the fittest.
- Social Darwinism
- Societal harmony
- Correct Option: Social Darwinism
10. Accommodation refers to the process of adjusting or adapting to cultural differences and similarities
in order to coexist and cooperate with others.
- False
- True
- Correct Option: True
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