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Karnataka
March of
The Commissioner
Volume-61 Issue-4 Pages-28 April- 2024 Department of Information and Public Relations
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MARCH OF KARNATAKA

Cover Story

16
Page Vertigo (Giddiness)
No. Lok Sabha Elections Management

4
2024: Karnataka to Dr. B N Pranesh Rao
vote in two phases
Michael Patrao

18
Otto Koenigsberger’s
Architectural Footprint

8
Harnessing Technology: in Karnataka
Empowering Voters in M.P.
India
Bangalore’s History :
BIFFes’ bouquet of 22 A Passage from Pristine Bangalore

10
to a Burgeoning Bengaluru
colourful cinemas
captivates cinephiles S. Narayana Swamy

S Viswanath
We are Indians, firstly and lastly Rajeswari Chaterjee–

14 Badami 25 First Woman

Engineer of Karnataka
Prasad Shenoy K.S. Someswara
Karnataka 2
March of

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 Lok Sabha
In Phase 1 Udupi Chikmagalur, Hassan, Dakshina Kannada,
Chitradurga, Tumkur, Mandya, Mysore, Chamarajanagar, Bangalore
Rural, Bangalore North, Bangalore Central, Bengaluru South,

Elections 2024: Chikkballapur and Kolar will vote.

In Phase 2 Chikkodi, Belgaum, Bagalkot, Bijapur, Gulbarga,
Commissioner Department of Information and Public
Relations Hemant M. Nimbalkar, Chief Electoral
Officer Manoj Kumar Meena, Additional Chief

Karnataka to
Raichur, Bidar, Koppal, Bellary, Haveri, Dharwad, Uttara Kannada,
Electoral Officer Venkatesh Kumar R
Davanagere, Shimoga.
Mr Kumar said 96.8 crore people – 49.72 crore men and 47.1

vote in two
This will first in Lok Sabha
crore women – are eligible to vote. Out of this. 1.82 crore, including election history, those above 85
85 lakh women, are first-time voters. Among the voters, 85 lakhs are years and those with more than 40%
aged above 85 years while the number of voters with disability is
phases 88.4 lakh. A total of 2.18 lakh centenarians are voters.
In what is seen as a positive development, Kumar said the gender
disability will be allowed to vote
from home. In recent Assembly
elections, the EC has rolled out this
ratio among electors has improved significantly to 948. There are 12 facility and is now being extended
Michael Patrao states which had more women voters than men, he said. to the general elections.
Elections to four state Assemblies of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, The Model Code of Conduct has
Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh will also be held along with the Lok come into place, which will be for
Sabha elections 80 days if it is lifted on the counting
day, the longest in the country’s
The elections to two seats in ethnic strife-torn Manipur will be
electoral history. There is no bar
held in a single phase but in two days in one of the constituencies.
on the government carrying out
Along with these polls, by-polls to 26 Assembly seats in 13 states,
drought relief work. In the districts,
including Karnataka will also be held.
officers will oversee drought relief,
Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh will vote in all seven which is the responsibility of the
phases while Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir will go to polls in government.
five phases.
He that the EC would strictly
Tamil Nadu and Telangana will go to polls on April 19 (phase 1), tackle the “four ‘M’ – muscle power,
Kerala on April 26 (phase 2), Delhi on May 25 (Phase 6) money power, misinformation and
In the Assembly polls, Arunachal Pradesh and Model Code of Conduct violations.
Sikkim will vote on April 19 while Andhra Pradesh The EC will have a “calibrated”

T
polling will be on May 13. Odisha will have a approach to MCC violations
he 28 seats of Karnataka will go to polls for the Lok Sabha while appealing to parties
four-phase poll on May 13, May 20, May 25
elections in two phases on April 26 and May 7 (second and third to maintain decorum and
and June 1.
phase). refrain from personal attacks
The schedule for the Lok Sabha elections 2024 was announced by during campaigning.
Rajeev Kumar Chief Election Commissioner
28 seats of Chief Election Commissioner Rajiv Kumar at a press conference on The vigilance in the
March 16 which was attended by two new Commissioners Gyanesh State has already begun and
Karnataka will go Kumar and Sukhbir Singh Sandhu, who assumed office on March 15. according to the last available
to polls for the Lok In the 2024 general elections, 28 states and 8 union territories figure March 28,seizure of
Sabha elections comprising 543 constituencies will vote in seven phases: phase 1 (April unaccounted cash and goods
19), phase 2 (April 26), phase 3 (May 27), phase 4 (May 13), phase 5 across the state has crossed
in two phases on the Rs 50 crore mark since the
(May 20), phase 6 (May 25) and June 7 (June 1) in what is the longest
April 26 and cycle of polling in a general election after the first one in 1951-52. Model Code of Conduct came
into effect on March 16. The
May 7 2024 The highest number of 102 constituencies going to polls will be in enforcement team comprising
phase 1 while the lowest is in phase 5 when 49 seats will see voting. flying squads, police and State
The general elections will be held in seven phases across the country. surveillance teams have so
Karnataka will go to polls in two phases on April 26 (phase 2) and May far made seizures worth Rs
7 (phase 3). The first notification will be on March 20 and results for the 55 crore. This includes Rs 19
polls will be out on June 4. crore cash, Rs 65 lakh gifts,

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 According to the final
electoral roll 2024 published Technology to aid voters
on March 16, there are a
total of 5,42,08,088 electors The Election Commission is coming out with several initiatives to
in Karnataka. There are increase turnout in the coming Lok Sabha elections in Karnataka by
2,71,21,407 male voters, leveraging technology.

2,70,81,748 female voters and Voter Helpline App

4,933 third gender voters Voter Helpline App is a comprehensive app for Indian Voters
to search their name in the electoral roll, submit forms for voter
The voters’ turnout in the 2019 parliamentary registration & modification, download their digital photo voter slips,
elections, the national average was 66 percent make complaints, find details about the contesting candidates and
and in Karnataka it was 68 percent; around 20 most importantly see the real-time results of the elections.
constituencies were above the national average
8 lakh litres liquor worth over Rs 26 crore, 133 kgs
and eight below it. cVIGIL
narcotic substances and 9 kgs of gold worth Rs 5 crore
among other freebies. Out of the 58,834 polling booths, the EC has cVIGIL is an innovative mobile application for citizens to report
identified nearly 5,000 polling booths especially Model Code of Conduct and Expenditure violations during the
The seizure includes Rs 151 crore cash, Rs 42
in the urban and Kalyana Karnataka region elections. ‘cVIGIL’ stands for Vigilant Citizen and emphasizes the
crore worth of liquor, Rs 126 crore worth of drugs,
which has seen very low voting percentage in the proactive and responsible role citizens can play in the conduct of
and Rs 71 crore worth of gold jewellery. Though these
previous elections. free and fair elections.
seizures are not directly connected to the model code
of conduct, based on information, the sources of these There will be a total of 1,808 model polling
are now known. The Election Commission will keep stations, including five Sakhi booths to be managed Suvidha
an eye on digital transactions, and banks have been by women in every assembly constituency, The Suvidha Candidate App is a mobile application developed by
asked to provide information on suspicious digital one booth each in assembly constituency to the Election Commission of India (ECI) to help candidates with the
transactions at the district level. be managed by persons with disabilities and nomination and permission process during election periods. The
young officials. About 40 ethnic polling stations app is available on Android platform. To use the Suvidha Candidate
Karnataka Electorate and 200-themed based polling booths will be App, candidates need to create an account and log in with their
According to the final electoral roll 2024 published established. credentials. Once logged in, candidates can view the status of their
on March 16, there are a total of 5,42,08,088 electors nomination and permission.
The by-elections to the Shorapur (also known
in Karnataka. There are 2,71,21,407 male voters,
as Surpur) Assembly constituency in Yadgir
2,70,81,748 female voters and 4,933 third gender Saksham
district would be held on May 7. The by-poll was
voters. As many as 11,24,622 voters are in the 18-19
necessitated due to the demise of Congress MLA The Saksham App is a valuable tool for people with disabilities
age group, 6,12,154 are people with disability (PwD)
Raja Venkatappa Naik. The by-poll results will be (PwDs) to participate in the electoral process. The app is easy to use
voters.
out on June 4. MoK and provides a number of features that make it easier for PwDs to
The use of social media platforms like Instagram register to vote, find their polling station, and cast their vote.
and Facebook has been a significant factor in driving
voter enrolment among youngsters. Electoral literacy KYC App
clubs were also established in every degree and PU
college and high school, with 27,000 such clubs across The ECI has developed Know Your Candidate (KYC) Applications
the state. Nodal officers appointed in these clubs for both Android and iOS platforms for informing about “Criminal
promoted the importance of exercising one’s franchise. Antecedents” status of candidates. This allows citizens to browse
candidates with/ without Criminal Antecedents and empowers the
The number of first-time voters in the 18-19 years citizens to know the criminal antecedents of the candidates.
age group for the Lok Sabha elections in Karnataka
has gone up to 10,83,416 from 7,12,606 in 2019, a
Voter Turnout
52% increase. The surge is attributed to extensive
campaigns conducted by the Chief Election Officer The Voter Turnout App is an in-house developed mobile app to
of Karnataka and Systematic Voters’ Education and display the approximate voter turnout percentage for each state,
Electoral programme (SVEEP), a flagship initiative district, and constituency. is a useful tool for voters and media
by the Election Commission of India aimed at voter houses to track voter turnout for different elections. It is a quick and
education and awareness. easy way to get an estimate of the voter turnout in a particular area.

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Harnessing The cVIGIL app, aptly
Conduct anonymously, promoting
accountability and fair play in
the electoral process. Meanwhile,
named Vigilant Citizen,

Technology: the Voter Helpline app serves

as a comprehensive platform
for voters, offering features like
allows individuals to
report any violations of the

Empowering ‘Know Your Candidate’ to check

for criminal backgrounds, thereby
Model Code of Conduct
anonymously, promoting
enabling informed decision-
Voters in making at the ballot box.
In Karnataka, Chief Electoral
accountability and fair play
in the electoral process.

India Officer Manoj Kumar Meena

emphasizes the importance
of leveraging technology to
uphold the integrity of elections.
Measures such as QR codes on
voter slips for easy access to

I
polling booth locations and real-
n today’s digital
time updates on queue status
age, the Election
through the Chunavana mobile
Commission
application demonstrate the ECI’s
of India (ECI) is
commitment to enhancing voter
leading the charge in
participation and convenience.
revolutionizing the
electoral process. With Furthermore, the ECI’s
the Lok Sabha elections collaboration with social media
on the horizon, the influencers underscores its
ECI is unveiling a efforts to reach a wider audience
suite of cutting-edge and promote civic engagement.
mobile applications By harnessing the power of
and websites designed digital platforms, the ECI aims
to enhance voter to foster a culture of electoral
engagement and responsibility and awareness
transparency. This among citizens.
forward-thinking
The launch of the ‘Know Your
initiative, particularly
Candidate’ (KYC) app provides
impactful in Karnataka,
voters with vital information
is geared towards
about candidates’ criminal
fostering fair and
records, empowering them to
inducement-free
make informed choices. Through
elections nationwide.
this app, voters can access details
The introduction of about candidates’ assets and
registration, corrections, and access to electoral rolls. These
mobile applications such liabilities, ensuring transparency
platforms exemplify the ECI’s commitment to inclusivity and
as cVIGIL and Voter and accountability in the electoral
accessibility in the electoral process.
Helpline underscores process.
the ECI’s commitment As India embraces the digital age, the Election Commission’s
In addition to mobile
to empowering citizens. adoption of technology-driven solutions represents a significant
applications, the ECI has
The cVIGIL app, aptly step towards strengthening democracy and ensuring that every
developed user-friendly websites
named Vigilant Citizen, voice is heard. By empowering citizens with information and
such as the Voter Portal and
allows individuals to tools to participate actively in the electoral process, the ECI
SVEEP (Systematic Voters’
report any violations is paving the way for transparent, fair, and inducement-free
Education and Electoral
of the Model Code of elections in the country.
Participation), facilitating voter MoK

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 BIFFes’ bouquet of
“The whole aspect of cinema and film festivals (is) programmes put in place by the KCA to imbibe a culture of the Swiss film BONJOUR SWITZERLAND
a moment to come together and celebrate art and of cinema and to spearhead academic excellence in one (Bon Schuur Ticino) by Peter Luisi, as the
humanity.” of the most profuse and effective medium. inaugural film, which spotlighted on the one

colourful cinemas
language policy being announced and the stiff
-Keanu Reeves With the express objective of bettering the skills of
opposition to it by the people.
film making and to influence the young and aspiring

T
film makers to inculcate and cultivate a habit to making The film saw a tremendous attendance

captivates rue to this philosophy, the 15th Edition of

Bengaluru International Film Festival –
BIFFes – the flagship cultural extravaganza,
films that will reach the audience along with socially
relevant messages with aesthetic and artistic excellence
saw the birth of KCA which took over the mantle of
from the film buffs. The film resonated with
the audiences surprised to find that the issue of
language and policies regarding it was a universal

cinephiles celebrating the best of cinemas, hosted by the

Government of Karnataka, under the auspicious of
Karnataka Chalanachitra Academy (KCA), turned
organising the annual BIFFes (from its 4th edition on
from the film society which sought to spread better
one and not confined to our country alone.
Likewise, the closing film – WITHOUT AIR
cinema culture beyond the society precincts among the
(Elfogy A Levego) by the Hungarian woman
out a stupendous success, with as many as over 6000 common diaspora as well) for the State government,
S Viswanath delegates from across the world attending the annual for which adequate funding was earmarked in the State
director Katalin Moldovai too was well received
by the audiences who identified with its theme of
jamboree. For “when you go to a film festival as budget.
how school teachers face tremendous pulls and
Film festival – held an audience member, it’s so much fun,” as Mora
The 15th Edition of BIFFes was significant in that pressures and opposition when they try to being
Stephens points out, the surging eager-bever cine
from February enthusiasts that trooped in to watch their pick of
it celebrated the 90 years Kannada Cinema foraying in novel ways of teaching students in the class.
into the talkie era when the first Kannada talkie Sati In fact, a handful of films focused on issues faced
29 to March 7, films a pointer to this fact.
Sulochana lit up the theatre screens way back in March by the teachers and the trials and tribulations
2024, lived true The week-long film festival – held from February 1934. they face in the course of their duty.
29 to March 7, 2024, lived true to its tradition
to its tradition The occasion saw the publication of a commemorate The film festival saw films being screened
- featuring the crème la crème of contemporary
- featuring the cinemas from across the globe, witnessing as many
volume tracing the 90 years of Kannada Cinema from under various heads - including the three
the first talkie to the present day entitled – Kannada competition sections - Asian, Indian & Kannada,
crème la crème as 200 plus films being featured from as many as
Cinema: 90 Successful Years – Pinnacle of Glory in as also Cinema of World, besides the series of
60 plus countries and audiences feasting some of
of contemporary fantabulous films at the calendar congregation.
Kannada. The film festival also became an occasion academic sessions and workshops as well
to fete the naming of the State as Karnataka. to educate aspiring film students
cinemas from The Karnataka Chalanachitra Academy, Select films were screened to mark both and talents on the various
across the globe, constituted under the aegis of the Department of the occasions taking audiences on aspects of film making and
witnessing as many Information & Public Relations (DIPR) by the State a reminiscent, nostalgic trip the trends it is facing today.
government, with a view to promote culture of giving them an opportunity to
as 200 plus films cinema, better film appreciation, and for ushering revisit films of their yesteryear
The foreign delegates
and subject experts and
being featured professionalism in the Kannada film industry, has heroes and heroines as also
critics, some of whom
been organising the BIFFes annually with this the emotional dramas they
from as many as 60 singular vision and mission in mind.
did duty as jurors under
portrayed.
plus countries the three competition
The annual BIFFes international film festival was The 15th BIFFes was sections also conducted
envisaged as part of the many creative and ambitious flagged off with the screening masterclass, workshops

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 The film festival also saw as many as 34 films, constituting
17 per cent of the total films at BIFFes, from women directors
being featured, bringing in a tableau of social, political, cultural
and individual concerns that women confront in their fight for
personal space and empowerment in their respective countries.
Each of the 34 films, made by, of and about women, provided
a perspective peek into the “female gaze” providing that deft
“feminine touch” through their delectable, insightful and
engaging narratives and directorial delineations that spoke of
the multifarious talents these women brought into focus in their
works.
The festival had a special Women Power in Filmmaking
segment which featured as many as specially curated 10 films
being screened. Among films by women film makers that coveted who provided music in over 700 films, a special panel
one’s attention included Wild Swans, a Bodo language film by discussion tracing his contribution, his versatility as a music
Rajni Basumatary, the Brazilian film The Battle by Vera Egito, composer and the impressions of his two daughters as a
The Dreamer by French director Anais Tellene, Mexican film celebrated and gifted father saw emotional engagement with
Totem by Lila Aviles, There’s Still Tomorrow the Italian film by audiences.
Paola Cortellesi, Polish film Green Border by Agnieska Holland, The festival also saw a retrospective of Iranian film director The 15th Edition
and Girl a UK film by Adura Onashile. Abbas Kiarostami and India’s Mrinal Sen on the occasion of BIFFes was
Among contemporary world films that drew large crowds of his centenary birth tribute. Similar tributes were paid to
N G Rao one of prominent cinematographers in Karnataka, significant in
included Indonesian film Andragogy, Japanese film Evil Does
Not Exist, Jordanian film Inshallah A Boy, Sunday the Uzbekistan while homage was paid to S K Bhagwan, C V Shivashankar, that it celebrated
Leelavathi, Vani Jayaram.
film, Terrestrial Verses from Iran, The Burdened from Yemen, the 90 years
Monster from Japan, Perfect Days from Germany, The Zone of As Jamie Hector sums up the reason to rejoice and revel
Interest from Poland, Belgium’s Amal, France’s Anatomy of a participating in film festivals: Film festivals are a great vehicle
Kannada Cinema
Fall, Bulgaria’s Blaga’s Lessons, Sweden’s Exodus, Delegation for gaining an audience for your film, for exposure for the talent foraying into
and The Monkey House from Israel, Fallen Leaves from Finland in the film and for the film makers to leverage opportunities the talkie era
as also Je’Vida, Russia’s Hoffman’s Fairy Tales, Kidnapped from for their films. I love the energy that film festivals bring.
and academic sessions for film Italy, Germany’s The Teachers’ Lounge and France’s Yannick Truly, 15th BIFFes lived to this reputation providing an apt when the first
enthusiasts and film students, among many others. platform for all to toast the tapestry of tantalising tales and Kannada talkie
on various aspects affecting the
themes showcased in celebrating one of the modern marvels
entertainment and film industry Meanwhile, Kannada Competition Section saw Nirvana by Sati Sulochana
Amar L bag the Best Cinema Award, while Kandeelu by Yashoda of mankind and its magnetic power to enchant and enthral all.
across several streams. lit up the theatre
Prakash and Alindia Radio by Rangaswamy S bagged the second In sum, the 15th Edition of BIFFes turned out an
The festival’s most cherished and third best film awards. unforgettable experience for cinephiles, ardent movie buffs and screens way back
and audience favourite film was the
Bhutanese film THE MONK & THE The competition also saw Shrikant Katagi’s Kshetrapathi covet all those associated with the entertainment industry bringing in March 1934
the Special Jury Mention and Swathi Muthina Male Haniye by them all under one ubiquitous roof to soak and sojourn in
GUN by the irrepressible young film
actor director Raj B Shetty receive NETPAC Jury Award. In the the marvel, mesmerising and magical world of movies and
maker Pawo Choyning Dorji, famous
Asian Cinema Competition, the Kannada film Mithya by Sumanth celebrate cinema – the true Seventh Art.
for his earlier film as well – LUNANA: MoK

A YAK IN THE CLASSROOM. Bhat was presented with

This time, his film focused on how Special Jury Mention.
the people of Kingdom of Bhutan Eminent film director
perceived the advent of democracy, and nonagenarian M S
the Internet and TV, modern day Sathyu was presented the
gadgets in their country – known as Lifetime Award for his
the Land of Happiness, for pursuing outstanding contribution
development philosophy of gross to cinema. As part of the
national happiness - in the most birth centenary celebration
hilarious, fun-filled and thriller of noted Kannada music
fashion. composer Vijaya Bhaskar

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 Badami
Photos: Prasad shenoy

The corridors of time wind through these hallowed

grounds, where each stone bears witness to bygone
History calling...
eras. Every carving, every structure, narrates
a chapter of our shared history, inviting us to
History beckons from the ancient
delve deeper into the annals of time. The silence
stones of Badami, Aihole, and
here speaks volumes, a symphony of echoes that
Pattadakallu. These three locales
reverberate with the footsteps of ancient pilgrims
embody a rich heritage, boasting
and the chants of forgotten rituals. As we wander
breathtaking architecture and a
amidst these architectural marvels, we’re transported
divine cultural legacy.
to a realm where the past seamlessly intertwines
with the present, bridging the gap between antiquity Badami, renowned for its
and modernity. In the shadows of these temples, one artistic allure, harbors stone
can almost feel the heartbeat of a civilization long temples that grace the shores
past, pulsating with the rhythm of life and worship. of the Agasthya Lake. Once the
Each visit to these sacred sites becomes a pilgrimage seat of the Chalukhya Empire,
of the soul, a journey through time and space that Badami’s crimson sandstone
leaves an indelible mark upon our consciousness. casts enchanting vistas that
Here, amidst the ruins and relics of centuries past, captivate the beholder. Its caves,
we find not only echoes of glory but also reminders temple sanctuaries, and myriad
of the impermanence of human endeavor. Through rock formations whisper tales of
the lens of history, we gain a newfound appreciation historical grandeur.
for the resilience of ancient civilizations, whose Aihole and Pattadakallu stand
legacies endure through the ages. In the embrace of as bastions of heritage, adorned
these ancient stones, we find solace and inspiration, with splendid stone temples.
reminded of the enduring power of human creativity Beneath the canopy of ancient
and ingenuity. As we bid farewell to these sacred trees and amidst weathered
sites, we carry with us not just memories but a dwellings, echoes of the past
profound sense of connection to our shared past and resound, calling out to us time
the eternal cycle of life. and again.

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 treatment for all these diseases, still the used by me for Vestibular function
patient feels Giddiness. assessment were found to be useful for
treatment and rehabilitation purposes also.
Giddiness may be associated with
Heavy loss ringing sound in Ears Similar to physiotherapy, Vertigo
(TINNITUS), Vomiting sensation therapy is also available in the “Literature”.
termed as MENIERE’S disease, each These therepeutic procedures have been
patient describes their problem in limited only to pilots. When I saw that
different ways. The exact cause of ballet dancers while rotating on ice
Giddiness is difficult to find out. Various surface won’t fall. So it gave me an idea
tests like Scans, X-rays, Neurological, to design a Chair (Rotary) to treat patients
ENT would not have revealed any suffering from various types of Giddiness
positive results. Many have taken without any Medication. Patient is rotated
drugs like Vertin, Stemetil, Stugeron, in this chair, with different Head position
Betahistine for a long time, yet they and bring about changes in managing
still find no improvement. They are all giddiness. This eliminates the FEAR
critical suppressants and not exactly complex and they feel confident to fo for
suited for the management of Giddiness work and do their normal duties. There
some might have resorted to use neck is no age restriction for giddiness. The
collars for (Positional Vertigo cases) incidence is more in Women between
(B.P.P.V) or taken some Ayurvedic the age above 40-45 years the reason for
drugs. which is not known.
Main organ involved for Giddiness The treatment modality may last for
is VESTIBULAR System in the 10-15 days along with Desensitization
Ear (Semi circular canals, Utricle & exercises. This incidence may increase
Saccule) these organs responds only in due course of time as the world of

People Vertigo (Giddiness) Management to rotational stimulus. So vertigo

treatment has been all along a challenge
tommorrow will be full of travellers,
steamships, airplanes and fast moving
suffering to all medical professionals, more so for cars.
an otolaryngologist (ENT).
from Dr. B N Pranesh Rao The main physiology aspect of this
Vertigo is a common in pilots and treatment is ‘Acquisition’, ‘Retention’
Diabetes, astronauts. They have to be trained and ‘Transfer’ MoK
Hypertension,

G
before space flight. The Equipments
Cervical iddiness is only a symptom, not a disease. Some people feel
giddiness when they “get up” from a bed or from a chair
problem may or when they move Head (called POSITIONAL VERTIGO)
also come others might feel rotating when they see a fast moving objects (i.e.
VISUAL or OPTOKINETIC) e.g. while moving in bus or train
out with the (Travel Sickness) others feel severe giddiness when they travel on a
symptom of SEA, may be associated with vomiting sensation (NAUSEA) i.e. SEA
Giddiness. SICKNESS.

After taking AIR SICKNESS is also observed in some persons traveling by

AIR. Some people have experienced “falling” sensation when they
treatment look down from a tall Building or while getting down from a staircase
for all these (Height Phobia)
diseases, One may explain that his head is rotating (Subjective Vertigo)
still the while others say that the surroundings appears to be rotating
(Objective Vertigo). Just feeling fullness in head and falling sensation
patient feels for a fraction of a second may be termed as “DIZZINESS”.
Giddiness People suffering from Diabetes, Hypertension, Cervical problem
may also come out with the symptom of Giddiness. After taking

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 Victory Hall-side view - Jawahar Bal Bhavan
Otto’s portfolio
* Malleswaram Boys School, Bangalore, 1939
* Shimoga College, Shimoga, 1940.
* Mysore Broadcasting House (now All India Radio, Mysore, 1942)
* Victory Hall (Bal Bhavan), Bangalore, 1944-45
* Dining Hall at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 1946
* Ayurvedic Hospital, Bangalore, 1948.
* Krishna Rao Pavilion, Bangalore,1940.
* Mysore Sugar Offices in Bangalore, 1941.
* Serum Institute, Hebbal, Bangalore, 1942.
* Bus Terminal at Kalasapalyam, Bangalore, 1940.
* Serum Institute, Hebbal, Bangalore, 1942
Otto speaking with Nehru on the latter’s visit
to the Hindustan Housing Factory, 1950 * Aeronautics Department, IISc (1942)
* Dining Hall and Auditorium, IISc (1946)’
* Metallurgy Department, IISc (1947)

architecture they didn’t always agree. Koenigsberger’s

approach to architecture was unique and distinguished
Mysugur Building
him. He did not like the idea of domes and clock towers,

Otto Koenigsberger’s Architectural although he was compelled to adopt these architectural

elements.

Footprint in Karnataka
Koenigsberger “All buildings constructed by the Mysore PWD
establish a compulsory education programme. for the regime had to be aesthetically approved by the
With its hydroelectric stations, steel plants, Dewan’s office, therefore Ismail’s architectural taste
chemical, soap, cement, cigarette and paper played a significant role in Koenigsberger’s work. Ismail
Otto H Koenigsberger was the chief architect and factories it was dubbed, “progressive.” regarded monumentality, axiality, domes, and clock
Planner of Mysore State between 1939 and 1948. In When Koenigsberger arrived in Bangalore
towers constitutive of architectural beauty”, writes
architectural historian Vandana Baweja in her research
this short period he left his architectural mark in April 1939, Mirza Ismail (1883-1959) was
on the architecture of Koenigsberger.
the diwan of Mysore State. Ismail, continued
the work of his predecessor, Mokshagundam He envisioned a modern architecture for Bangalore.
MP Visvesvaraya (1861-1962), who had set Mysore He studied the local condition and wanted to develop

T
on a modernization course. a scientific method to architecture. Koenigsberger saw
he old Mysore region, particularly Bangalore Despite having only built a few small buildings great potential in local architectural features such as
In architectural terms, however, Mysore
and Mysore cities, are dotted with public in Germany, Koenigsberger was quickly made chajjas and jallis, which he incorporated in his work.
State was neither modern nor progressive.
buildings which have a distinct architectural Government Architect of Mysore State and, less For ornamentation, he used a mixture of European and
The colonial building practices of the British-
stamp of German architect Otto Koenigsberger. than a decade later, was appointed Director of Indian styles. He also stressed the importance of the
governed Civil and Military Station in
Housing to the newly independent India in 1948. study of materials locally available and the climatic
Otto H Koenigsberger was the chief architect and Bangalore had influenced the architectural
Thus the formative part of his career took place in conditions of India.
Planner of Mysore State between 1939 and 1948. aspirations of the local elite class. The
exile in India between 1939 and 1951.
In this short period he left his architectural mark. Cantonment was characterised by broad streets, Koenigsberger was a proponent of modernism in
Though spartan in structure and look, these buildings In contrast to many regions of India that bungalows and European neoclassicism both in architecture. His buildings have an austere and spartan
were earliest examples of green architecture designed were under the direct control of the British Raj, private and public buildings in Bangalore City. architectural style to the extent that they seem to be
for a tropical climate. the Princely State of Mysore enjoyed a degree of nondescript. He shied away from the ornate designs
internal administrative independence. It was the Unique approach and domes and the colonial grandeur popular with the
Just how did this German Jew happen to execute
first state in India to introduce a representative buildings of the British Empire in India. His architecture
some pioneering work in Mysore and other parts of Koenigsberger shared a good personal
assembly, provide electric power to rural areas and style was functional taking into the account the tropical
India is fascinating story by itself (see box). relationship with Mirza, but in terms of

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 In 1940, the Shimoga Intermediate College (now
Passage to India
Sahyadri Science college) was one of the buildings where
Koenigsberger succeded in negotiating his architectural taste Konigsberger was born in Berlin in 1908, and trained as an architect
and preferences using his logic of reducing construction there at the Technical University, graduating in 1931. In 1933, he
costs. The PWD originally intended to copy the plans of the won the Schinkel Prize for Architecture for a design for the Olympic
Intermediate College of Mysore (Maharajah’s College), to Stadium in Berlin. However, with the rise to power of the Nazi
build the new Shimoga College. Koenigsberger proposed that Party, Konigsberger was forced to leave the country.
he could prepare new designs for the Shimoga College that Konigsberger spent the next six years in the Swiss Institute for the
would reduce construction expenditure. History of Egyptian Architecture in Cairo, where he gained his
The Shimoga College building is made of exposed doctorate. When his uncle Max Born was in Bangalore as a guest
granite masonry. The PWD had standardized designs for of C V Raman, the Diwan Mirza Ismail enquired if he know of
Mysore-Broadcasting-House-now- each building type. The Shimoga College plan is based on any trained architect. Born’s introduction led to Konnigsberger’s Otto Koenigsberger (center) with his
All-India-Radio-Mysore-1942 the PWD’s arcaded building type planned around a courtyard. appointment as chief architect and planner to Mysore State, India in colleagues in the PWD, in Mysore 1942
The arcades served as transitional spaces between the inside 1939.
and outside and as outdoor social spaces. The arcaded He wrote articles for local publications and delivered lectures on
courtyard plan was used for most public buildings, and it was architecture and planning-related themes. During his first six months
a climatically and culturally appropriate plan. Koenigsberger in Bangalore, Koenigsberger gave two lectures, “Scientific Research
was quick to appreciate the climatic and cultural common in Architecture” at the annual meeting of the Mysore Engineers’
sense of verandah corridors and porticos. Association, and “Modern Architecture” at Mysore Engineering
The Bangalore bus terminal (Kalasipalyam bus station), College. He also wrote articles on town planning and was the co-
completed in December 1940 had a clock tower and dome founder of the design and architecture periodical, Marg.
(now partly demolished) in an otherwise simple design Through his uncle he came to know the physicist Homi J Bhabha
with Indian elements like chajjas and verandas. It is now and this led to his executing architectural designs for some of the
demolished to be replaced by a new structure buildings in the IISc campus. He even drew up the initial plans of
The Common Dining Hall - Indian The Octagonal domed Pavilion of the M N Krishna Rao the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai.
Institute of Science Pavilion located in the M N Krishna Rao Park, completed in Having come to the notice of Jawaharlal Nehru, he became the
1941 was constructed with the funds donated by M N Krishna Director of Housing in Delhi from 1948 to 1951. He designed
Rao himself. the cities of Faridabad, Gandhidham, Rajpura and Sindri to
climate and the local materials available.
Its octagonal plan encompasses a two-storey masonry accommodate millions displaced by the partition of India. He
He incorporated several features of Indian Government-pre-university-college-
building surmounted by a single large segmented dome. A prepared the Jamshedpur Development Plan for the Tatas and also
architecture such as the chajjas and jallis Malleshwaram
pair of external stairs lead up to the first floor gallery. produced the Bhubaneswar Master Plan.
resulting in a unique fusion architecture.
He collaborated with Indian architects It was intended to be a community space for social In 1953 Konigsberger moved to London and became head of
and town planners. He didn’t believe in interactions and eduction, music, art and civic issues like the Department of Development and Tropical Studies at the
standard solutions, but tried to understand health and hygiene. From being a community space it went Architectural Association, which later became the Development
the local architecture. on to become a school, gymnasium, an office of the film stunt Planning Unit of University College, London, where he worked as
institute and even sheltered the Indian army, which briefly a professor until his retirement in 1978. In 1989, Königsberger was
Otto’s buildings occupied the first floor in 1947. It is now sadly neglected. one of the first recipients of the UN Habitat Scroll of Honour, the
most prestigious award given by the United Nations in recognition
One of Koenigsberger’s first Later on, it served as a school, a gymnasium, an office
of work carried out in the field of human settlements development.
assignments for the Mysore government for a fim stunt institute Earlier in 1947, the army which
He died in 1999.
was the design of two tiffin mantaps (lunch was stationed inside the park occupied the first floor of the
Krishna Rao Pavilion, Bangalore, 1940
pavilions) at the entrance of the Boys High pavilion.
School at Malleswaram in 1939. The main In the Indian Institute of Science campus Koenigsberger
school building itself were based on a Koenigsberger do not mention his name as the architect. Koenigsberger also produced a development
designed the old Aeronautical Engineering department. He
PWD-type design and was executed under This is probably because the government wanted the plan for Bangalore. At the time he said Bangalore
designed the Aeronautics building for natural climate control.
Koenigsberger’s supervision. It cannot Germen architects to maintain a low profile and the had already reached an optimum size to become
His simple lines of the Metallurgy department in IISc do not
be considered as a part of his portfolio as PWD’s reservations against foreign architects interfering a city. He said all future development should
stand out, and can be difficult to find. He also designed the
he did not design it. He used plain granite in their work. However, In recent times his contribution take place in satellite cities that are connected
dining hall of IISc.
columns in rough masonry, RCC roof, and to the architectural heritage of the then Mysore state was to Bangalore by road and rail. But his vision
steel trellis with an abstract square pattern. Koenigsberger, his name does not figure on a single brought to light by Scottish architectural historian Rachel was never initiated leading to chaos of what is
epigraph. The epigraphs for buildings designed by Lee. Bangalore today. MoK

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 Bangalore’s History : of Tippu which served as makeshift office- Thereafter for fairly a long period Bangalore
Attarakatcheri after accession of Mysore state by maintained its’ serenity with large areas of greenery

A Passage from Pristine Bangalore to a the British Government on the alleged grounds of
misgovernance in 1831. There after a new chapter
– largely contributed by the military campuses
in Cantonment area which were Camouflaged
heralded with the transfer of the administrative with large and huge Canopied Rain trees and
Burgeoning Bengaluru capital from Mysore to Bangalore. This event paved
way for the fast urbanization of the capital city-
water bodies dotting everywhere. Alongside a
tiny garden, the Lalbag, measuring 34 acres was
Bangalore. developed over a century came to be upgraded by
Glen Hicken in the more pleasant although civic facilities available were rudimentary Sir Mark Cubbon as the state Botanical garden in
like absence of electric lights etc. in his own words “Electric lights During this Juncture, after lapse of 3 years,
hand book “Beautiful were of course unheard of but this did not lesson in any way the sir Mark Cubbon was appointed as the Chief
1856. Which subsequently become inspiration for
foundation of several parks and gardens.
Bangalore” published contented lives the Bangaloreans lived in 1870s”. Commissioner of the princely state of Mysore
in 1834. This was the turning point for growth of Civic dimension to Bangalore
in 1929 reflects that the The vibrance of Bangalore has been well recorded right from Bangalore as metropolis. Mark Cubbon was the
town of Bangalore was early days of Britisher’s entry: the world famous artists Daniel most illustrious and benevolent administrator the With formation of municipal Board for Pete of
brothers visited Bangalore to capture the tranquill and serene state had even come across, for he did meritorious Bangalore on 27th March 1864 under the provisions
one of the best places surroundings of Bangalore in their Paintings in 1792, soon after of Improvement of Town Act 1850 Bangalore got
services for growth of not only state at large but the
for the outsiders to settle fall of Bangalore to Lord Cornwallis, the Governor General of town in particular. Vast road networks, irrigation the recognition of a town governed by the elected
British India. One of them Jhonas Daniel quoted thus “Bangalore representatives. Shortly there after Cantonment too
down there in. projects, hospitals, schools and colleges, parks and
followed the suit by formation civic authority there
is entering a new era of civilization” perhaps he has made this gardens, hill stations, postal services and railways
statement in view of the Importance of the place with the onset of came into existence during his period. By 1859, under the name Civil and Militaty (C & M) Station.
S. Narayana Swamy entry of British – who were of in dire need of establishing their the first train moved on the tracks from cantonment
own strong base in South of Madras presidency. Until then the Bangalore entered in to cultural shift
to Jolarpet and then on to Madras. This was epoch
official language of administration was either in Marathi or Persian making event in the history of Bangalore as the Right since beginning the “Pete” of Bangalore
and the territory had no touch of systematic urbanization. By this city came to be connected with major cities of the remained cultural crucible with people of several
time the Bangalore Pete, which was developed over the centuries imperial India. Despite these early modernization professions with diverse back ground practicing

L
since 1550, was 3 miles in circumstance and it was enclosed by measures both Cantonment and Pete remained various professions co existing symbiotically. The
ife in Bangalore a century mud wall and a ditch filled with water. The Pete was adjoined by unspoilt as for as the environment and ecology are same trend continued until entry of missionaries
before as recorded by Glen the granite oval fort at it’s south. concerned. who along with doing their Job of preaching also
Hicken in the hand book
“Beautiful Bangalore” published The roots of urbanization of Bangalore can be seen in the
in 1929 reflects that the town of travel account of Col. James welsh in his Journal “Military
Bangalore was one of the best places Reminiscences” published 1812. He recorded in his narrative
for the outsiders to settle down that the Cantonment in Bangalore had already sprouting by 1809
there in. He was further envisioned with efforts of John Blackistan, a route surveyor who is generally
“this is a charming place either for a considered as the architect of famous Bangalore cantonment.
holiday or with intention of settling There after the cantonment grew both in size of the area and
down in one of the finest stations strength of cadets. Though cantonment was growing fast yet it
East of suez”. He further went on to remained secluded from the Pete area not only from the point
quote that life in Bangalore a fifty of inter communication but also with attitudinal makeup as the
years earlier to his visit was even cantonment was growing fast with modern layouts with required
facilities, where as the Pete remained elusive except the palace

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 helped and aided the natives in the Rajeswari
fields of education , health/hygiene and
way of modern living.
Chaterjee to
Laying out of railway constructions
be the pride
and hectic building activities, of Karnataka
particularly in the cantonment area, as she is the
Bangalore-witnessed large scale
immigrants from the neighboring first woman
provinces – particularly Madras engineer of our
presidency. Most of the elite Jobs –
State (erstwhile
government or private, gradually went
to the hands of immigrants – the real Mysore). She
cultural shift started at this Juncture. provisions of Bangalore City Corporation Act. From this time also happens
Above all the localities started getting onwards the growth and development of the erstwhile Bangalore
educated in English and tried to imitate city over whelmed that of cantonment.
to be the first
English style of living – the glaring woman to
After obtaining independence the Govt. India started Five
example is observing Sunday as weekly enter Indian
Year Plans the Bangalore got several public undertakings such as
holiday.
HMT, BEL, BHEL, HAL, ITI, which accommodated employees Institute
from all over India. Undoubtedly these units contributed for the
Bangalore’s tryst with Beer
growth of Bangalore in the post independence era.
of Science,
Bangalore,
Rajeswari Chaterjee – First
Since the troops stationed at
Likewise many a public industries in the state seen in public
Cantonment were largely following
and in private sectors made their way in to Bangalore causing as a scientist/
western life style and habbits, warranted
further burgeoning of Bangalore. The population of Bangalore researcher
the necessity of opening a brewery.
The ever - first brewery in Bangalore
was founded in 1859 under the name
suddenly showed on upsurge and people started feeling the grunt
of the growing city as there arose a gap between the requirement
Woman Engineer of Karnataka
“United Breweries” run by a Scot by
and availability of facilities. The agony further escalated after K.S.Someswara
entry of IT & BT sectors in to Bangalore which led to real restart
name Thomas Leisman on the Sydney
boom.

I
road - now called vittala mallya road.
ndian women adoring high positions in the In 1943, after her post-graduation she joined
How to contain the growth of Bangalore? society or in the work field may be common these Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, as a
Love for plants and aesthetics
There is no doubt that growth of Bangalore is beyond days. But, there are many women who achieved research student in the then Electric Technology
As the prime garden of Bangalore great degree in their vocation and won accolades Department in the area of Communications.
anyone’s imagination, and giving way to new problems on
– the Lalbagh grew in size and fame. when the society has restricted her in a bracket. The Subsequently, she worked under Sir. C. V.
almost everyday. Should we allow this to happen? Every true
The Bangaloreans developed the sense contributions of these women are role models not only Raman. In 1946, she was selected as a ‘bright
citizen of Bangalore who has concern “for safe Bangalore”
of gardening and love for aesthetics. during their period but also to future generation. One student’ by the then Indian Government in
should act… but how?
By 1900 the lalbagh’s extent touched such personality is Rajeswari Chaterjee. She happens Delhi and offered a scholarship to continue
100 acres and flower shows held there It is high time that all the concerned – Government, policy
to be the pride of Karnataka as she is the first woman her studies abroad. At that time women going
twice a year attracted both residents and makers, administrators, NGO’s and common citizens should act
engineer of our State (erstwhile Mysore). She also abroad for studies was a rare phenomenon.
tourists. Hundreds of plant nurseries fast before things get further complicated and go out of gear.
MoK
happens to be the first woman to enter Indian Institute Shortly before independence in 1947 she joined
came up all around Lalbagh to meet the of Science, Bangalore, as a scientist/researcher. University of Michigan in United States. Here
gardening needs of plant lovers. Thus she obtained Masters Degree in the Department
the nursery rich area of Siddapur came Rajeswari Chaterjee was born in Karnataka on
of Electric Engineering. She also underwent 8
to be called little Holland. 24th January 1922. She had her primary education in
months practical training in the field of Radio
a special English school run by her grandmother. After
Frequency Measurements at National Bureau of
Bangalore became victim of its schooling, she joined Central College, Bangalore, and
Standards in Washington DC. In early 1953, she
own fame did her Honours degree and post-graduation degree
obtained her PhD under the guidance of Prof.
in Mathematics. To her credit she topped in both the
By 1949, both the Bangalore Town William Gould Dow.
examinations in Mysore University and received
Municipality Board and C & M station Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar and M.T. Narayana Subsequently, after returning to India, she
of cantonment were merged and unified Iyengar prize and the Walter Memorial award joined Department of Electrical Communication
and became single entity under the respectively for her excellence. Engineering at IISc, Bangalore as a faculty

Karnataka 24 25 Karnataka
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 Mount Baton prize for the
best paper from the Institute of
Electrical & Radio Engineering
(UK)
J.C.Bose Memorial award
for the best research paper from
Institution of Engineers
Ramlal Wadhwa Award for
the best research and teaching
work from Institute of Electronics
& Telecommunications
Engineering
Along with her husband she
set up in India first Microwave
Engineering Research
member. In the same year, she got married to Sisir Kumar Chaterjee, Laboratory with limited funds
a member of faculty at IISc. Later, they jointly started a research and using indigenous resources.
laboratory for microwave research. Together they also introduced
a course in Microwave
During the period Mrs.Chaterjee became a professor and was
Technology & Satellite
selected for the position of Chairman in the Department of Electrical
Communication and was first to
Communication Engineering. Her prime subject of teaching was
teach the subject in India.
Electromagnetic theory, electron tube circuits and microwave
technology. She was very active in her research papers and wrote many In a career spanning over
books related to Microwave Engineering and Antennas. three decades, she pioneered
her research in Microwave
Some of her books are: Engineering and wrote several
books for the students and
-Elements of Microwave Engineering
mentored many disciples who
-Antenna Theory & Practice went on to achieve successful
careers. At the time of retirement
-A Thousand Streams: A personal History
in the year 1981, she was the
-Di electric & Di electric Loaded Antenna Chairperson of Electronics &
-Advance Microwave Engineering: Special Advanced Topics Communication Engineering
(ECE). Her contribution
-Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam : The whole world is but one family to Microwave research is
(Real stories of some Women & Men of India still prevalent and is using
-Antenna for Information Super Skyways: An exposition on in RADAR technology and
Outdoor & Indoor Wireless Antenna defence application by DRDO.
Her legacy is linked through the
(By Perambur S Neelakanta & Rajeswari Chaterjee) work of her numerous students
After retirement she took up social programmes chiefly with Indian in and around the world . Her
Association for Women’s Studies. authoritative book on ‘Theory of
Antenna’ is still widely read and
Her parents B.M.Srinivasaiah, an Advocate in Nanjangudu and
it is perhaps a testament to her
Kamalamma Dasappa were one of the first graduates in the erstwhile
entrepreneurship and brilliance.
State of Mysore. Her daughter Indira Chaterjee is a professor in
Although she is not with us
Electrical & Bio medical Engineering at University of Nevada, Reno,
physically, her deeds would be
USA.
remembered for ever.
For her contribution and works in the field of microwave engineering
MoK
Rajeswari Chaterjee has been decorated with many accolades.

Karnataka 26 27
25 Karnataka
Karnataka
March of March of
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