A2 reading/writing book

Unit 1

Describing daily routines

John has a busy day with fun things to do. Every morning, he wakes up at 7
o'clock. First, he brushes his teeth and washes his face to feel fresh. Then, he
eats breakfast. John likes cereal with milk a lot.
After breakfast, he gets dressed in his comfy clothes. He picks blue jeans and a
red shirt because he likes those colors.
At 8 o'clock, John goes to school. He learns English, math, and science there.
At lunchtime, he eats a sandwich and drinks juice with his friends. School ends
at 3 o'clock, and then John goes back home.
When he gets home, he plays with his toys. He likes building things with
blocks and playing with action figures. After playing, he does his homework.
He tries hard to learn new things and do well in school.
In the evening, John has dinner with his family at 6 o'clock. Tonight, they're
having spaghetti, his favorite! They talk about their day while they eat. After
dinner, they watch a funny cartoon on TV. It's a special time for them to relax
together and laugh.
At 8 o'clock, John gets ready for bed. He changes into his cozy pajamas and
brushes his teeth again. Before going to sleep at 9 o'clock, John's parents read
him a bedtime story. It's always an exciting or funny story that helps him sleep
peacefully.
John's day is full of learning, playing, and spending time with his family. He
likes every part of his day and is excited for tomorrow's adventures.

Vocabulary
 • Routine - a regular or fixed way of doing things
• Feel fresh: To feel clean, revitalized, or invigorated.
• Cereal: A food made from grains, often eaten with milk for breakfast.
• Get dressed: To put on clothes.
• Comfy: Comfortable; providing a feeling of ease and relaxation.
• Pick: To choose or select something from a group of options.
• Get home: To arrive at one's home.
• Block: A small solid piece, often used in building or construction.
• While: During the time that; at the same time as.
• Cartoon: An animated film or television show, often with exaggerated or
humorous characters.
• Special: Unique or different from ordinary things; having particular
importance or significance.
• Cozy: Warm, comfortable, and inviting, often used to describe a pleasant
environment.
• Exciting: Causing feelings of enthusiasm or exhilaration; thrilling.
• Peacefully: In a calm and tranquil manner; without disturbance or
conflict.
• Full: Containing or holding as much as possible; not lacking or empty.
• Adventure: An exciting or unusual experience, often involving risk or
exploration.

Task 1

Read the text again and write T for True, F for False, NG for Not given
sentences in the passage.

1. John wakes up at 6 o'clock every morning.

2. John's favorite morning meal is pancakes with syrup.
3. John wears blue jeans and a red shirt to school today.
4. John studies subjects like English, math, and science at school.
5. During lunch break, John eats a burger with fries.
Fill in the gaps with words from the text.

• Every morning, John wakes up at _________.

• After brushing his teeth, John likes to eat ___________ for breakfast.
• John goes to school at ________ o'clock.
• During lunchtime, John eats a __________ and drinks juice with his
friends.
• In the evening, John and his family have dinner together at _________
o'clock.
• Before going to sleep, John's parents read him a __________ story.

Task 2

1) What are the key elements of the author's morning routine?

2) How does the author balance work and relaxation throughout the day?
3) What role does reflection play in the author's daily practice?
4) Imagine you have a similar routine. What activities would you include in
your morning, afternoon, and evening?
5) What are some benefits of having a structured routine?

Essay topics:
What is importance of daily routine?
What is your School routine?
What is routine? Why is it important? How does it affect our life?

Arguments in support of having daily routine

1. Doing Things Faster: When you have a routine, you know what to do and
when to do it. This helps you finish tasks more quickly.
2. Feeling Less Worried: If you know what's coming next, it can make you feel
less worried or nervous. It's like having a plan that you can follow every day.
3. Staying Healthy: Routines often include things like exercise and eating
healthy food. This is good for your body and mind.
4. Getting More Done: When you have a routine, you can focus better and get
more things done. It helps you be more productive.
5. Managing Time Better: Routines help you use your time well. You can
make sure you have time for everything you need to do.
6. Learning Self-Control: Following a routine means doing things even when
you don't feel like it. It helps you learn to control yourself and stick to your
plans.
7. Feeling Good About Yourself: When you finish tasks every day, it makes
you feel proud of yourself. It gives you confidence to do even more

Here are some contrary arguments against having a daily routine:

• Feeling Tired: Doing the same things every day can make someone feel
tired and not excited about the day.
• Less Chance for Change: Routines might not allow for changes or
surprises. If something unexpected happens, it can be hard to change
plans.
• Not Many New Ideas: A strict routine might stop new ideas from
coming. Doing the same things in the same way every day might not let
someone try new things.
• More Worry: Trying hard to stick to a routine can make someone feel
stressed and worried, especially if things don't go as planned.
• Hard to Change: Doing the same things every day might make it harder
to change when things don't go as expected.
• Feeling Really Tired: Doing a lot without taking breaks can make
someone feel really tired and not happy. This can make it hard to keep
going.
• Not Learning New Things: A strict routine might not let someone learn
new things or grow as a person. Without trying new things, it's hard to
learn and change.
For Practice
Frequency of adverbs:

frequently/constantly/usually...
Grammar extension
Present Simple Tense Form-Do/does or am/is/are?

SAMPLE ANSWER
The Importance of Having a Daily Routine
Having a daily routine is really important for many reasons. It helps us stay
organized and manage our time better. Also, routines teach us discipline and can
make us feel less stressed. However, there are also some problems with having
a strict routine, like it being boring and not giving us chances for new things.
One good thing about having a daily routine is that it helps us stay organized.
Knowing what we need to do every day makes it easier to plan our tasks. This
can make us more productive and feel good when we finish things we planned
to do. Also, routines teach us discipline. By doing the same things every day,
we make good habits. For example, setting time for exercise or relaxing
becomes a habit, which is good for our health.
However, there are also bad things about having a strict routine. One problem is
that it can become boring. Doing the same things every day might make us feel
bored and not excited about what we do. Moreover, rigid routines can stop us
from having new experiences. When we always follow a strict schedule, we
might miss out on new and exciting things that happen unexpectedly.
In conclusion, having a daily routine is good because it helps us stay organized
and disciplined. But it can also be bad because it might become boring and limit
our chances to try new things. It's important to find a balance between having a
routine and being flexible so we can enjoy the good things about routines while
still having space for new experiences.
 Unit 2

Jobs Around Us

There are many different jobs that people can have. These jobs are called
professions. People choose different professions based on their interests and
skills.
One profession is a teacher. Teachers work in schools and help students learn
new things. They teach subjects like math, science, and English. Teachers are
patient and kind, and they enjoy working with children. Another profession is a
doctor. Doctors work in hospitals or clinics. They help sick people feel better.
They know a lot about the human body and how to treat illnesses. Doctors are
caring and responsible, and they work long hours to help others. A third
profession is a firefighter. Firefighters are brave and strong. They help put out
fires and rescue people from dangerous situations. They work as a team to keep
communities safe from fires and other emergencies. One more profession is a
chef. Chefs work in restaurants and hotels, cooking delicious meals for people
to enjoy. They are creative and passionate about food. Chefs work in busy
kitchens and create amazing dishes for others to savor. There are many other
professions, such as police officers, engineers, and artists. Each profession plays
an important role in our society and helps make the world a better place. People
can choose a profession that they love and enjoy doing every day. It's important
to find a profession that makes you happy and allows you to use your talents
and skills. Learning about different professions can help you understand the
many opportunities available to you in the future. What profession do you think
you would enjoy? Think about it, and maybe one day you could be a teacher,
doctor, firefighter, chef, or something else that you love.

Vocabulary
• Professions: Different kinds of jobs that need special skills and
knowledge.
• Treat: To help someone who is sick or hurt feel better by giving them
medical care or attention.
 • Community: A group of people who live together in the same place and
share common interests, beliefs, or characteristics.
• Passionate: Having strong feelings or excitement about something; really
liking and caring about a particular activity or cause.
• Brave: Showing courage when things are scary or hard; not being afraid
to face difficult situations.
• Savor: To enjoy something fully, especially when it comes to food or
drinks; to take pleasure in the taste or smell of something

Task 1

Reading Comprehension
1) What is the main idea of the text?
2) How many different professions are mentioned?
3) What are some of the qualities and skills mentioned for each profession?
4) Why is it important to choose a profession you enjoy?
5) What does the text encourage readers to do?

Read the text again and write T for True, F for False, NG for Not given
sentences in the passage.
1. Teachers work in hospitals and clinics to help sick people feel better.
(False)
2. Doctors teach subjects like math, science, and English in schools. (False)
3. Firefighters work alone to put out fires and rescue people. (False)
4. Chefs create delicious meals for people to enjoy in busy kitchens. (True)
5. Police officers, engineers, and artists are mentioned as professions in the
text. (True)
6. All professions mentioned in the text require individuals to be brave and
strong. (False)
7. People should choose a profession that makes them unhappy and does not
use their talents or skills. (False)

Task 2
Fill in the Gaps with words from the text.
 • There are many different jobs that people can have. These jobs are called
_________.
• People choose different professions based on their _________ and skills.
• One profession is a _________. Teachers work in schools and help
students learn new things.
• Another profession is a _________. Doctors work in hospitals or clinics
and help sick people feel better.
• A third profession is a _________. Firefighters are brave and strong and
help put out fires.
• One more profession is a _________. Chefs work in restaurants and
hotels, cooking delicious meals.
• Each profession plays an important role in our society and helps make the
world a better _________.

Choose the correct variant.

1) Which profession works in schools and helps students learn new things?
a) Doctors
b) Teachers
c) Chefs
d) Firefighters
2) What is a characteristic of doctors mentioned in the text?
a) They work in busy kitchens
b) They teach subjects like math and science
c) They help sick people feel better
d) They rescue people from dangerous situations
3) Who are described as brave and strong in the text?
a) Teachers
b) Chefs
c) Firefighters
 d) Engineers
4) What do chefs do in their profession?
a) Put out fires
b) Create amazing dishes for people to savor
c) Help sick people feel better
d) Teach subjects like math and English
5) What is the main message of the text?
a) Doctors work long hours in hospitals
b) Firefighters cook delicious meals in restaurants
c) People can choose professions based on their interests and skills
d) Engineers work in schools and teach subjects like science

For Practise
The best/worst thing of ... is about...
Advantages/disadvantages of .. are about+ V ing..

Writing topics
My family's professions
What is your most/least favorite job?
What is/are the most difficult profession(s)?

Question: What are hard and easy jobs?

Easy Jobs
Cleaner - Easy because you just need to clean, no need for difficult skills.
Waiter/Waitress - Easy because you just serve food and drinks, no need for
special education.
Gardener - Easy because you plant and take care of plants, not too complicated.
Babysitter - Easy because you watch over kids, doesn't require much training.
Retail Salesperson - Easy because you help customers and organize shelves, not
too hard.
Hard Jobs:
Doctor - Hard because you need many years of schooling and need to
understand complex medical things.
Engineer - Hard because you need to know a lot of math and science to design
things.
Lawyer - Hard because you need to study law for a long time and argue in
court.
Pilot - Hard because you need to learn to fly planes and deal with emergencies.
Scientist - Hard because you need to do research and understand difficult
concepts.

Sample Answer
Some jobs are easy while others are hard. Easy jobs are those that don't require
much training or special skills. For example, being a cleaner is easy because
you just clean things. Another easy job is being a waiter or waitress because you
just serve food to people. Gardening is also an easy job because you plant and
take care of plants, which is not too complicated. Babysitting is easy too
because you just watch over kids, no need for much training. Retail salesperson
is another easy job because you just help customers and organize shelves.
However, some jobs are hard because they need a lot of education and training.
For instance, being a doctor is hard because you need to study for many years
and understand complex medical things. Engineers have hard jobs too because
they need to know a lot of math and science to design things. Lawyers also have
hard jobs because they need to study law for a long time and argue in court.
Pilots have hard jobs because they need to learn to fly planes and deal with
emergencies. Scientists have hard jobs too because they need to do research and
understand difficult concepts.
In conclusion, there are easy jobs that don't need much training and hard jobs
that require a lot of education and skills. People may choose different jobs based
on their interests and abilities.
 Unit 3
National Holiday
Nowruz, also known as the Persian New Year, is a special holiday celebrated by
many people. It starts spring and is a time for new things and hope. "Nowruz"
means "new day" in Persian, and families and friends celebrate together.
Cleaning the home, called "khane tekani," is an important tradition. It means
starting fresh and leaving problems behind. Families clean together, getting ready
for visits from loved ones.
Another important part of Nowruz is the "Haft-Seen" table. It has seven items
starting with "seen," like sprouts, apples, and garlic. Each item symbolizes
something important for life and nature, bringing good things for the new year.
During Nowruz, people do fun activities. "Chaharshanbe Suri" is one tradition
where people jump over bonfires, leaving worries behind.
On Nowruz day, families gather for a special meal and gifts. It's a time for joy
and being with loved ones. Some also visit graves to remember those who passed
away.
Nowruz is not just for celebrating but also for thinking about the new year. People
set goals and make resolutions for themselves and their families.
Nowruz is recognized by the United Nations as an important cultural heritage. It
shows how Nowruz brings people together to celebrate diversity and promote
peace.
Overall, Nowruz is a happy holiday with cultural and spiritual meaning. It's a time
to celebrate new beginnings and look forward to a fresh start in the new year.

Vocabulary
Celebrated: To observe or participate in a special event with joy.
Sprouts: Young plants that have just started growing.
Tradition: A custom or belief that is passed down through generations.
Symbolizes: Represents or stands for something.
Bonfires: Large fires made outdoors, often for celebration or ritual.
Resolutions: Decisions or plans to do something in the future.
Grave: A place in the ground where a dead body is buried, typically marked
with a stone or mound as a memorial.
Set a goal: to establish an objective or target that one aims to achieve, often by
defining specific actions or milestones to work towards.
Pass away: a gentle or euphemistic way of saying that someone has died or
passed on. It's a more delicate way of expressing the idea of death.
Recognized: To acknowledge or identify something.
Heritage: Cultural practices or traditions passed down through generations.
Diversity: Having a variety of different elements.
Promote: Encourage or support the growth or development of something.
Joy: A feeling of great happiness.
Spiritual: Related to the soul, religious beliefs, or personal growth.
Fresh: New or recently made or obtained.
Recognize: To identify or acknowledge something.
Beginnings: The initial or starting point of something.
Hope: A feeling of expectation or desire for a certain thing to happen.
Items: Things or objects.

Task 1

Read the text again and write T for True, F for False, NG for Not given
sentences in the passage.
1. Nowruz is only celebrated by a few people.
2. Nowruz marks the end of spring.
3. "Nowruz" translates to "new day" in English.
4. Families clean their homes together to prepare for visits from loved ones.
5. Each item on the "Haft-Seen" table symbolizes something important for
life and nature.
6. On Nowruz day, families gather for a regular meal.
7. Nowruz is recognized as an important cultural heritage by the United
Nations.
Read the questions and answer them with your own opinion. Give examples
from the text.
• When does Nowruz start?
• What does "Nowruz" mean in Persian?
• What is the Haft-Seen table?
• What do families do on Nowruz day?
• Who do some people visit on Nowruz day?
• What do people do to celebrate Nowruz?
• Why is Nowruz recognized by the United Nations?

Task 2

Complete the sentences with a word(s).

• Nowruz is a special holiday celebrated by many people, marking the

beginning of ____________.
• On Nowruz day, families come together for a special ____________ and
exchange ____________.
• Some people also visit ____________ during Nowruz to remember those
who have passed away.
• Nowruz is not only for celebrating but also for thinking about the
____________ and making ____________.
• The United Nations recognizes Nowruz as an important ____________,
promoting peace and ____________.
• Nowruz is a happy holiday with cultural and ____________ meaning,
celebrating ____________.
• It's a time to celebrate ____________ and look forward to a
____________ in the new year.
• Families gather during Nowruz for ____________ activities and to enjoy
each other's ____________.

For Practise
Punctuation and Capitalization rules
The proper usage of Comma/Full stop/Exclamation mark

Writing topics:
What is your favorite national/international holiday?
What is the most enjoyable activity during holidays?
Question:
How does learning different cultures (holidays) impact on the way people
think?

Ideas:
• Learning about holidays from different countries helps us understand
what's important to other people.
• Celebrating different cultural holidays helps us be kinder and more
respectful to everyone.
• Exploring holidays from around the world shows us how beautiful and
interesting our world is.
• Understanding why people celebrate different holidays teaches us to
accept and welcome others.
• Learning about holidays lets us see that not everyone is the same, and
that's okay.
• Trying out different holiday traditions can give us new ideas and make us
more creative.
• Discovering holidays from different places helps us make friends and
connect with people everywhere.

Sample Answer
Learning about different cultures and holidays changes how people think. It
helps them understand more about other ways of life and special celebrations.
For example, when people learn about Diwali, they find out why light is
important and why family is special. This makes them feel more for others.
Also, finding out about different holidays makes people more open-minded.
They learn to respect other ways of doing things and understand different points
of view. For instance, understanding Chinese New Year can help people
appreciate Chinese customs and traditions.
Moreover, learning about holidays from different cultures makes people
question what they thought before. When they find out the reasons behind
celebrations like Ramadan or Hanukkah, they see things differently. This helps
them understand more about the world.
Furthermore, experiencing different cultural celebrations can make people more
creative. By combining ideas from different holidays, they can make their own
traditions. For instance, they might mix Japanese cherry blossom festivals with
their own celebrations.
In conclusion, learning about different cultures and holidays makes people think
in new ways. It helps them understand and respect others more. By celebrating
diversity, people can create a better world together.

Unit 4

Simple Spaghetti Bolognese

Ingredients:
1 pound (450g) ground beef
1 onion, cut
2 cloves of garlic, minced
1 can (14 oz) of crushed tomatoes
2 tablespoons tomato paste
1 teaspoon dried oregano
1 teaspoon dried basil
Salt and pepper to taste
8 oz (225g) spaghetti
Grated Parmesan cheese (optional)

Instructions:
In a big pan, cook the ground beef on medium heat until it turns brown. Remove
extra fat.
Add the chopped onion and minced garlic to the pan. Cook until the onion is
soft and clear.
Mix in the crushed tomatoes, tomato paste, oregano, basil, salt, and pepper.
Cook for 15-20 minutes, stirring sometimes.
While the sauce is cooking, prepare the spaghetti as per the package
instructions. Drain and set aside.
Serve the spaghetti with the Bolognese sauce on top. If you like, sprinkle with
grated Parmesan cheese.
This easy Spaghetti Bolognese is a tasty and cozy meal suitable for the entire
family.

Vocabulary
Ground beef: Beef that has been finely chopped or ground.
Chop: To cut food, such as vegetables or meat, into small pieces with a quick,
sharp motion.
Cloves: The aromatic flower buds of a tree, used as a spice in cooking.
Pan: A cooking tool with a long handle and a relatively shallow, flat bottom,
used for cooking food in hot fat or oil.
Browned: Cooked until the surface is brown.
Drain: To pour off the liquid from cooked food.
Clear: Allowing light to pass through but diffusing it so that objects on the
other side are not clearly visible.
Mix: To combine ingredients with a circular motion.
Cook: To heat gently at or just below the boiling point.
Aside: To one side; out of the way.
Sprinkle: To scatter small drops or particles of a substance over something.
Grate: To reduce a food into small shreds by rubbing it on a grater.

Task 1
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate cooking-related words from the text.
After cooking the ground beef, _______ excess fat from the skillet.The onions
should be cooked until they become _______._______ the Bolognese sauce over
the cooked spaghetti before serving._______ the sauce is simmering, cook the
spaghetti according to the package instructions. _______ and set aside. Serve the
spaghetti topped with _______ if desired.

Task 2
Read the questions and answer them. Give examples from the text.
• When do people cook meals?
• Where do people usually cook?
• Who cooks meals in your family?
• Why is cooking important?
• What ingredients do you need for cooking?
• What kinds of meals can you cook?
• What tools do you use for cooking?
• How long does it take to cook a meal?
For Practice:
How to use the words : "Finally/Next"
Both "finally" and "next" are transition words used to signal sequence or order
in your writing or speech. However, they have slightly different connotations
and purposes.

Writing topics
Describe your favorite meal.
Write a recipe of what you cook most or know best.
Question:
Cooking: A Joyful Journey Through Taste and Tradition
Ideas:
Family Recipes: Talk about recipes from family passed down, connecting us to
our history.
Cooking at Home: Explore joy of cooking easy meals at home, sharing with
family and friends.
Discovering Different Foods: Try new foods from around the world,
describing flavors and ingredients simply.
Healthy Eating Tips: Give simple advice for healthy eating, with easy recipes
on a budget.
Baking Basics: Teach easy baking with simple recipes for cookies, cakes, and
muffins.
Budget-Friendly Cooking: Provide tips for cooking cheaply, with easy recipes
for small kitchens.
Celebration Foods: Share traditional holiday dishes and recipes for special
occasions.
Plant-Based Cooking: Discuss benefits of fruits and veggies, with simple
vegetarian or vegan recipes.
Cooking for Relaxation: Show how cooking can be relaxing, with easy
comfort food recipes.
Food and Culture: Explore how food reflects different cultures, explaining
customs and traditions.

Sample Answer
Cooking: A Joyful Journey Through Taste and Tradition
Cooking is really fun and makes a lot of people happy. It's not just about
making food but also about keeping traditions alive and enjoying different
tastes. In this essay, we'll talk about how cooking can be a happy journey filled
with taste and tradition.
Firstly, cooking helps us remember our past and our families. Many of us have
special recipes from our parents or grandparents. These recipes are like
treasures because they remind us of good times with our loved ones. For
example, in my family, we have a recipe for chicken soup that we've been
making for a long time. When we cook it, it feels like we're keeping a piece of
our family history alive.
Secondly, cooking lets us try new tastes and cultures. When we try dishes from
other countries, we get to taste new flavors and learn about different customs.
For people at a basic level like me, it's exciting to try easy recipes from different
parts of the world. Even if we're not great cooks, we can still enjoy the tastes of
other cultures and learn new things about food.
Additionally, cooking brings people closer together. Whether we're cooking
with family or friends, there's something special about making a meal together.
It's a chance to bond, laugh, and make memories that we'll remember for a long
time. Even for people away from home, cooking can help make new friends and
share experiences with others.
Lastly, cooking is a way to be creative. We can try different ingredients and
flavors to make dishes that show who we are. Even if we make mistakes, it's
okay because we're still learning. For people at a basic level, cooking is a
chance to get better at cooking and feel more confident in the kitchen.
In conclusion, cooking is a happy journey that lets us remember our past, try
new tastes, and make memories with loved ones. Whether we're following
family recipes or trying new dishes from around the world, cooking is a great
way to enjoy taste and tradition. So let's enjoy cooking and savor every
delicious moment along the way.
 Unit 5
Holiday help
During the holidays, some people don't have everything they need. Some
families may not have enough food or presents. But we can help them during
this special time.
One way to help is by giving food to a local food bank. Food banks collect food
and give it to families who don't have enough to eat. We can give things like
canned food, pasta, and rice to help these families have a better holiday.
We can also give toys to kids who may not get any gifts. Many groups collect
new toys and give them to kids who need them. Giving a toy can make a child
happy on Christmas morning.
Another way to help is by volunteering. Many places need help during the
holidays. We can help serve food at a soup kitchen, wrap gifts for families, or
collect donations. Giving our time can make the holidays better for those who
need it.
Even small things, like smiling or saying hello to someone, can make a
difference. Let's be kind to others so everyone can have a happy holiday season.

Vocabulary:
Special: (adjective) Something that is different or unique in a good way, often
related to a particular occasion or event.
Presents: (noun) Gifts given to someone, especially during holidays or special
occasions.
Local: (adjective) Relating to or happening in a nearby area or community.
Canned food: (noun) Food that is preserved and stored in a sealed can, often
used for long-term storage or emergency supplies.
Volunteering: (noun) The act of giving your time and effort to help others
without expecting payment in return.
Wrap: (verb) To cover something with paper or another material, especially to
make it look nice, such as wrapping gifts.
Donations: (noun) Items or money given to help others, usually to a charity or
organization that helps people in need.
Task 1
Read the text again and write T for True, F for False sentences in the
passage.
• Some families may not have enough food or presents during the holidays.
True
• Food banks give food to families who need it during the holidays. True
• Giving canned food, pasta, and rice can help families have a better
holiday. True
• Many groups collect toys and give them to kids who might not get any
gifts. True
• Volunteering during the holidays is mentioned as a way to help others.
True
• Donating money is mentioned as the only way to help families during the
holidays. False
• Small things like smiling or saying hello can't make a difference during
the holidays. False

Task 2

Fill in the missing words in the sentences below:

• Some families may not have enough ________ or presents.
• One way to help is by giving _________ to a local food bank.
• Food banks collect food and give it to families who don't have enough to
_______.
• We can give things like _______ food, pasta, and rice to help these
families have a better holiday.
• Many places need help during the holidays. We can help serve ________
at a soup kitchen.
• Even small things, like smiling or saying hello to someone, can make a
__________.

Answer the following questions about the text:

• What do some people not have during the holidays?
 • What can we give to a local food bank?
• What items can we give to help families have a better holiday?
• What can we do to help during the holidays?
• What small things can make a difference during the holiday season?

Discussion Prompt:
What is the message of the story? Do you think it's important to help others,
even in small ways? Why or why not?

For Practise
"Also", "But", "So"

Writing topics
Ask your friend to help a place go on a vacation/holiday
What is the best place you go on a holiday?
Write about your last vacation.
Question:
What the advantages and disadvantages of going vacation alone or family?
Ideas
Alone:
Advantages:
• Freedom to plan your own itinerary
• Opportunity to make new friends
• Enjoyment of solitude
• Time for self-discovery
Disadvantages:
• Feeling lonely
• Having to manage everything alone
• Missing out on shared experiences with loved ones
•
With Family:
Advantages:
• Building stronger bonds with family members
• Creating shared memories
• Feeling supported and secure
• Enjoying the company of loved ones
Disadvantages:
• Dealing with disagreements or conflicts
• Compromising on activities
• Sometimes feeling like you need alone time

Sample Answer
Going on vacation alone or with family both have their own advantages and
disadvantages. Let's explore some of them.
When you go on vacation alone, you have the freedom to plan your own itinerary.
You can decide where to go and what to do without having to compromise with
anyone else. This can be really exciting because you get to explore new places
and meet new people. However, one downside is that you might feel lonely at
times, especially during meals or when you want to share a beautiful moment
with someone.
On the other hand, going on vacation with family has its own perks. You can
build stronger bonds with your family members and create wonderful memories
together. It's nice to have the support of your loved ones and share the joy of
exploring new places with them. But sometimes, disagreements or conflicts may
arise, and you might have to compromise on activities to make everyone happy.
When you travel alone, you have the advantage of complete independence in
decision-making. You can change your plans at any time and do whatever you
want without having to consider anyone else's preferences. However, this
independence can also come with its own set of challenges, such as feeling
homesick or having to deal with unexpected situations on your own.
Traveling with family allows you to share responsibilities and costs, making it
easier to plan and organize your trip. You can experience new things together and
provide emotional support to each other when needed. However, differences in
preferences and interests among family members may lead to conflicts, and you
might find yourself craving some alone time amidst all the family activities.
In conclusion, whether you choose to go on vacation alone or with family, each
option has its own pros and cons. It's important to consider your own preferences
and priorities when making your decision. Ultimately, the most important thing
is to enjoy your time away from home and make the most of your vacation, no
matter who you're traveling with.

Unit 6

When I woke up today, I noticed the bright sun shining outside my window,
signaling that it was time to start the day.
Throughout the year, I've observed how the world changes with each season. In
spring, everything bursts with new life, adorned with vibrant flowers and the
sweet songs of birds. Summer brings scorching hot days, perfect for outdoor
adventures. As autumn arrives, leaves begin to fall, painting the landscape with
hues of red, orange, and yellow, and the air turns crisp. Then, winter settles in,
bringing chilly temperatures and blankets of snow.
Regardless of the season, the sun remains a constant presence. Its warm rays lift
my spirits and fill me with positivity. Whether the sky is clear or cloudy, the
sun's light reminds me to appreciate the beauty around me.
Stepping outside into the sunlight fills me with a sense of joy and vitality. The
sun's warmth energizes me, preparing me for the day ahead. Each morning, as I
bask in its glow, I am reminded to embrace new opportunities and approach life
with optimism.

Vocabulary
• noticed: seeing or realizing something is there.
• bright: describes something that shines or gives off a lot of light.
• throughout: all over or during the whole time.
• observed: when you see or watch something closely.
• bursts: sudden explosions or releases of something.
• vibrant: full of life and color.
• scorching: something extremely hot, like the sun on a hot day.
• turn crisp: when something becomes cold and dry with a slight cracking
sound.
 • settle in: to get comfortable in a new place or situation.
• chilly: cold in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable.
• regardless: without considering or paying attention to something.
• remain: to stay or continue to be in a place or condition.
• constant: happening all the time or staying the same.
• spirit: a part of a person that feels emotions and characterizes them.
• appreciate: to understand and enjoy something.
• stepping outside: going out of a building or enclosed space into the open
air.
• vitality: energy or liveliness.
• ahead: in front or forward.
• bask: to relax and enjoy warmth, like the sun's heat.
• glow: a warm, pleasant light.
• embrace: to accept or welcome something.
• approach: to come near or get closer to something or someone.

Task 1
Read the text again and write T for True, F for False, given sentences in the
passage.
• The sun was shining brightly outside the window when the person woke
up today. True
• The text describes how the world changes throughout the year with each
season. True
• Spring is described as a season with cold temperatures and snow. False
• Winter brings warm temperatures and clear skies. False
• Regardless of the weather, the sun is always present. True
• Stepping outside into the sunlight makes the person feel tired and drained
of energy. False
• The person feels pessimistic and unenthusiastic about life when they bask
in the sun's glow. False

Read the questions and answer them with examples from the text.

• Who noticed the bright sun shining outside?

• What changes throughout the year, according to the text?
• When does spring bring vibrant flowers and bird songs?
 • Where does the person feel a sense of joy and vitality?
• Why does the text mention embracing new opportunities and approaching
life with optimism?

Task 2

Complete the following sentences with words from the text:

When I woke up today, I noticed _____________shining outside my window.

In spring, everything bursts with new life, adorned with
vibrant___________and the sweet songs of birds. Summer brings scorching hot
days, perfect for outdoor_____________. Then, winter settles in,
bringing_____________ temperatures and blankets of snow. Regardless of the
season, the_________ remains a constant presence. Stepping outside into the
sunlight fills me with a sense of joy and_____________

For Practise
"When", "in" , "later"
Writing topics
Describe different parts of your life
Question:
What was your best activity as a child?

Ideas for the Essay Topic

• Playing outdoor games with friends, such as tag, hide and seek, or soccer.
• Riding bicycles around the neighborhood, exploring new places and
having adventures.
• Building forts or treehouses with siblings or friends, using imagination
and creativity.
 • Going to the park to swing on the swings, slide down the slides, or climb
on the jungle gym.
• Playing with toys like dolls, action figures, or building blocks, creating
imaginary worlds and stories.
• Drawing or coloring pictures, expressing creativity and making art.
• Reading books or listening to stories, getting lost in new worlds and
adventures.
• Helping parents or grandparents with simple tasks like cooking,
gardening, or cleaning, feeling useful and part of the family.

Essay sample

As a child, one of my favorite activities was playing outdoor games with my

friends. We would gather in the neighborhood park and spend hours running
around, laughing, and having fun. Games like tag, hide and seek, and soccer
were our favorites. The feeling of freedom and excitement as we chased each
other or kicked the ball around was unmatched.
Another activity I enjoyed was riding bicycles with my friends. We would
explore different streets and alleys, discovering new places and having
adventures along the way. Sometimes we would even race each other, feeling
the wind in our hair as we pedaled as fast as we could. Those bike rides were
some of the best moments of my childhood.
Building forts or treehouses was also a highlight of my childhood. My siblings
and I would gather whatever materials we could find – blankets, pillows, and
even old boards – and create our own little hideaways. We would spend hours
inside, playing games, telling stories, and just enjoying each other's company.
Going to the park was another favorite activity. I loved swinging on the swings,
feeling like I was flying through the air, or climbing to the top of the jungle gym
and looking out over the playground. It was a place where I could let my
imagination run wild and be whoever I wanted to be.
Overall, my childhood was filled with many wonderful activities, but playing
with friends, riding bicycles, building forts, and going to the park were some of
the best memories I have. Those simple moments of joy and laughter have
stayed with me into adulthood, reminding me of the importance of play and
imagination in our lives.
 Unit 7

A Day in My Life
The sun wakes me up, like a playful kitten playing with a string. It's 7:00 a.m.,
and I start my day as a baker's helper! I get out of bed, feeling the cool floor.
After a quick stretch and splashing water on my face, I'm ready for the day.
Downstairs, I smell fresh bread and pastries, making me hungry. Mum greets
me with a warm croissant, ready to teach me new things.
She calls baking "magic," and I understand. It's not with wands and potions, but
with flour and sugar. I love making bread and pastries.
The morning is busy. I knead dough, shape baguettes, and bake in the oven.
Mum tells stories of our family's baking tradition.
In the afternoon, the bakery is full of people. Kids pick treats, and older folks
share stories over tea. Everyone brings happiness to our bakery.
As the day ends, I help clean up. Then, I sit with Mum, watching the world. She
tells me about her first days baking, and I imagine her young and hopeful.
Being a baker's helper might seem simple, but there's magic in it. It's about
making things, connecting with people, and dreaming. Every day, I share this
magic with the world, and that's the best part.

Vocabulary
• kitten: A young cat.
• string: A thin piece of cord or rope, often used for tying or holding things
together.
• baker's: Relating to or belonging to a baker, someone who bakes bread
and pastries.
• stretch: To extend one's body or limbs in order to reach or expand.
• splash: To scatter or cause liquid to fall or scatter in small drops.
• pastry: A type of food made from dough or batter and baked, such as
pies, cakes, or cookies.
 • wands: Rods or sticks, often associated with magic, used for casting
spells or performing tricks.
• potions: Liquids, often magical, prepared for drinking, medicinal, or
magical purposes.
• knead dough: To work and press dough with the hands to make it
smooth and elastic.
• baguette: A long, narrow loaf of French bread.
• treats: Delicious food or snacks, often given as a reward or indulgence.
• folks: People, especially those within a particular group or community.

Task 1
Complete the following sentences with words from the text.

• The narrator starts their day at 7:00 a.m. as a __________.

• Mum greets the narrator with a __________, ready to teach them new
things.
• Baking is described as a form of __________, not with wands and
potions, but with flour and sugar.
• The narrator helps to knead dough, shape baguettes, and __________ in
the morning.
• In the afternoon, the bakery is filled with __________ picking treats and
older folks sharing stories over tea.
• The narrator finds __________ in being a baker's helper, as it involves
making things, connecting with people, and dreaming.
Task 2
Decide whether the following statements are true or false based on the text.
• The narrator wakes up to the sound of a playful kitten. - True
• The narrator starts their day as a baker's apprentice. - False
• Mum greets the narrator with a warm croissant. - True
• Baking is compared to using wands and potions. - False
• The bakery is empty in the afternoon. - False

Answer the following questions about the text.

• Who wakes up the narrator?
 • What time does the narrator start their day?
• Where does the narrator work?
• Why does the narrator enjoy baking?
• When does the bakery get busy?

For Practise
Present Continuous Tense form
"While", "When", and "After"

Writing topics
Describe your favorite childhood memory.
Write about a time you overcame a challenge.
Describe a place you love and why.
Share your thoughts on a current event or issue that interests you.
Question:
Who is a person inspires you?
Ideas:
• My parents inspire me because they try really hard to take care of our
family and are always there for me.
• A teacher at school inspires me because they teach me lots of new things
and push me to do my best.
• A famous athlete inspires me because they work really hard and never
give up in their sport.
• A friend inspires me with their kindness and always being positive, ready
to help others.
• A historical figure inspires me with their bravery or big achievements
from a long time ago.

Sample Answer
There is someone who always inspires me: my mom. She's like a bright star in
my life, guiding me with her wisdom and love. From when I wake up until
bedtime, her presence gives me strength and makes me want to do my best.
My mom inspires me in many ways. First, she works really hard to take care of
our family. Even when things are tough, she stays positive and never gives up.
Her ability to keep going, no matter what, teaches me the importance of not giving
up and staying strong.
Also, my mom is always there to help and support me. Whether I'm having
trouble with school or making a tough choice, she's there to give me advice and
cheer me on. Knowing she believes in me gives me the courage to follow my
dreams and overcome challenges.
Besides her hard work and support, my mom sets a great example for me. She's
kind, generous, and caring, and she inspires me to be a better person every day.
Seeing her help others and show compassion reminds me how important it is to
be there for people and make a positive difference in the world.
In conclusion, my mom is the person who inspires me the most. Her strength,
determination, and endless support guide me through life's ups and downs and
motivate me to aim for the best. I'm so lucky to have her as my role model.

Unit 8
From Sofa Sitter to Fitness Explorer: My Journey (adventure) to Health
Once upon a time, I spent a lot of time on the sofa, eating snacks and watching
TV. But one day, when I looked in the mirror, I saw that I was getting less fit.
My muscles were getting weak, and I wasn't feeling confident.
I decided to start exercising! I didn't need any special equipment, just my
sneakers and some courage.
At first, even going for a short walk felt like a big challenge. I was breathing
heavily, my muscles were tired, and I was sweating a lot. But inside, I felt a
little proud. My body was telling me, "We can do this!"
As time went on, I started doing more exercise. I went for walks in the morning
and used the treadmill. It was tough sometimes, and I wanted to give up, but I
kept going.
I learned to celebrate every little success, like climbing a hill or doing a yoga
pose correctly. I realized that even big challenges can be overcome if you take
things one step at a time.
Nowadays, I still spend time on the sofa, but I also love being outside and
feeling the sun on my face. I've learned that exercise isn't just about changing
your body; it's about showing yourself what you can do.
So, if you're feeling like a couch potato, don't worry! Put on your sneakers and
start moving. It might be hard at first, but it's worth it. Remember, every big
journey starts with a small step. You can do it!

Vocabulary
• Adventure A journey or experience that is exciting and often involves
challenges.
• Confident: Feeling sure about oneself and one's abilities.
• Equipment: Tools or items needed for a particular activity or purpose.
• Courage: The ability to do something that frightens or challenges you.
• Sweat: Moisture that appears on the skin when you are hot or doing
physical activity.
• Tough: Difficult or hard to do or endure/bear.
• Give up: To stop doing something, especially when it becomes too
difficult.
• Keep going: To continue doing something, especially when faced with
challenges or obstacles.
• Hill: A raised area of land with a sloping surface, smaller than a
mountain.
• Overcome: To successfully deal with or defeat a problem or difficulty.
• Step: A movement made by lifting one foot and putting it down in a
different place, especially as part of walking or running.
• A couch potato: A person who spends a lot of time sitting and watching
television, and does little or no exercise.
• Worth: Having a value or importance equal to something specified.
Task 1
Complete the following sentences with words from the text.
• I used to spend a lot of time on the __________.
o Sofa
• I decided to start __________ to improve my fitness.
o Exercising
• Initially, going for a walk felt like a __________ challenge.
o Big
• Despite feeling tired and sweaty, I felt a little __________.
o Proud
• I learned to celebrate every __________ success.
o Little
• Exercise isn't just about changing your body; it's also about showing
yourself what you can __________.
o Do

Task 2

Decide whether the following statements are true or false based on the text.
• The person in the story used to spend a lot of time exercising. (False)
• They decided to start exercising after seeing a change in their fitness.
(True)
• Initially, going for a walk felt easy for the person. (False)
• The person felt proud of their efforts despite feeling tired and sweaty.
(True)
• They only celebrated big successes in their fitness journey. (False)

Answer the following questions about the text.

• What did the person used to spend a lot of time doing?
• Why did they decide to start exercising?
• How did they feel when they first started going for walks?
• What did they learn to celebrate during their fitness journey?
• What did the person realize about exercise besides changing their body?
For Practise
Adverbs (at all/well/quite well)

Essay topics
What is your exercise routine?
My Daily Walk
Write about importance of having fit body.
Question:
Healthy and happy: how exercise makes people shine?

Ideas:
• Exercise helps people stay fit and active, which improves their physical
health.
• Regular exercise releases endorphins, which are chemicals in the brain
that make people feel happy and reduce stress.
• When people exercise, they feel more energetic and motivated to tackle
daily tasks.
• Exercise can improve self-confidence and body image, leading to a
happier outlook on life.
• Engaging in physical activities with friends or family can strengthen
relationships and create enjoyable experiences.
• Exercise provides opportunities for people to enjoy nature and explore
new places, which contributes to their overall well-being.

Sample Answer
Exercise is like a magical wand that brings health and happiness into people's
lives. When we move our bodies, whether it's running, dancing, or playing
sports, we're not just staying active; we're also giving ourselves a big boost of
goodness. First and foremost, exercise keeps our bodies strong and healthy. It's
like giving our muscles, bones, and organs a little workout to keep them in top
condition. When we're physically fit, we have more energy to do the things we
love and enjoy life to the fullest.
But exercise doesn't just benefit our bodies; it also works wonders for our
minds. You see, when we exercise, our brains release special chemicals called
endorphins. These little guys are like happiness superheroes, swooping in to
make us feel good and banish stress away. That's why after a good workout, we
often feel like we're on cloud nine, with a big smile on our faces and a skip in
our step.
Not only does exercise make us feel happier, but it also helps us feel more
confident and positive about ourselves. When we see our bodies getting stronger
and more toned, it boosts our self-esteem and makes us feel proud of what we
can accomplish. And when we exercise with friends or family, it's even better!
We get to share laughter, encouragement, and fun experiences, strengthening
our bonds and creating lasting memories together.
Lastly, exercise gives us a chance to connect with nature and explore the world
around us. Whether it's going for a hike in the mountains or a stroll in the park,
being outdoors and soaking up the beauty of nature is good for our souls. It's
like pressing the refresh button on our minds and bodies, leaving us feeling
rejuvenated and alive.
In conclusion, exercise is a powerful tool that brings health, happiness, and
shine into our lives. So let's grab our sneakers, hit the pavement, and let our
inner light shine bright!

Unit 9

Giving Gifts
Giving gifts is a wonderful way to show our love and appreciation for others.
Whether it's for a birthday, holiday, or special occasion, the act of giving brings
joy to both the giver and the recipient. There are many reasons why we give
gifts, and each one is meaningful in its own way.
One reason we give gifts is to celebrate important milestones in the lives of our
loved ones. Birthdays, anniversaries, graduations – these are all moments worth
celebrating, and what better way to mark the occasion than with a thoughtful
gift? Whether it's a shiny new toy for a child's birthday or a beautiful piece of
jewelry for a wedding anniversary, gifts help us commemorate these special
moments and create lasting memories.
Another reason for giving gifts is to express our gratitude and appreciation.
When someone goes out of their way to help us or make our lives better, giving
them a gift is a way of saying thank you. It could be a small token of
appreciation, like a handwritten note or a bouquet of flowers, or a more
elaborate gift that reflects the depth of our gratitude. Whatever the gesture, the
important thing is that it comes from the heart and shows the other person how
much we value their kindness.
Gift-giving is also a way to strengthen relationships and build connections with
others. When we take the time to choose a gift that reflects the recipient's
interests, tastes, and personality, it shows that we care about them and pay
attention to the little things that make them unique. Whether it's a book by their
favorite author, a cooking class they've been wanting to try, or a cozy sweater in
their favorite color, a thoughtful gift can deepen our bond with the people we
love.
Finally, giving gifts is simply a way to spread happiness and joy. There's
something magical about seeing the look of surprise and delight on someone's
face when they receive a gift that they truly love. It's a reminder that even in the
busiest and most stressful times, there's still room for kindness, generosity, and
love in the world.
In conclusion, giving gifts is a beautiful way to celebrate, express gratitude,
strengthen relationships, and spread joy. Whether it's a simple gesture or a grand
gesture, the act of giving brings happiness to both the giver and the receiver,
making the world a brighter and more wonderful place.

Vocabulary
• Occasion: A special event or time.
• Recipient: The person who gets something.
• Milestone: A big achievement or event.
• Anniversary: The yearly celebration of an important date.
• Thoughtful: Kind and considerate.
• Lasting memories: Strong memories that stay in your mind for a long
time.
• Commemorate: To remember and honor something important.
 • Express: To show or communicate.
• Gratitude: Thankfulness or appreciation.
• Token: A small gift or symbol.
• Elaborate: Detailed or fancy.
• Reflect: To think about or show something.
• Gesture: A small action that shows your feelings or intentions.
• Strengthen: To make something stronger.
• Spread: To share or give to more people.
• Delight: To make someone very happy.
• Receive: To get or accept something.
• Generosity: Being kind and giving to others.

Task 1
Answer the following questions about the text.
• Why do people give gifts?
• What are some occasions for giving gifts?
• How do gifts help commemorate special moments?
• What does giving gifts express?
• Why is gift-giving important for building relationships?

Read the text again and write T for True, F for False sentences in the
passage.

• Giving gifts is only about celebrating birthdays.

o False
• Gifts are given to express dissatisfaction.
o False
• Thoughtful gifts help create lasting memories.
o True
• Gift-giving is a way to weaken relationships.
o False
• Gifts should be chosen randomly without considering the recipient's
interests.
o False
• Giving gifts is solely about spreading sadness and disappointment.
o False
Task 2

Complete the following sentences with words from the text.

• Giving gifts is a wonderful way to show our love and appreciation for
__________.
• One reason for giving gifts is to celebrate important __________ in the
lives of our loved ones.
• Another reason for giving gifts is to express our __________ and
appreciation.
• Gift-giving is also a way to strengthen __________ and build connections
with others.
• Finally, giving gifts is simply a way to spread __________ and joy.

For practise
Formal/informal mailing
Formal Mail Structure

Dear [Recipient Name],

I hope this letter finds you well.
My name is [Your Name] and I am a student in [Your Grade] at [Your School].
I am writing to you today to [State Your Purpose].
[Body of Letter]
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]

Informal Mail Sturcture

Hi [Recipient Name],
How are you doing? I hope you're having a great day!
I'm writing to you today because [State Your Purpose].
[Body of Letter]
I hope to hear from you soon!
Love,
[Your Name]

Let’s learn some expressions with the word “time”.

Make time: To schedule time to do something.
Find time: To manage to squeeze something into your schedule.
Take time: To spend time doing something.
Waste time: To spend time doing something unproductive.
Spend time: To pass time engaged in an activity.

Writing topics
Why is it important to give gifts?
Write a letter to a friend or family member telling them why they are special to
you and why you appreciate them.
Write about the last time you bought a present.
Write about a time when you received a meaningful gift.
Describe a memorable birthday celebration.

Question:
"Discuss the role of gift-giving in building and strengthening relationships."

Ideas:
• Gifts are a way to show you care about someone.
• Giving thoughtful gifts can make people feel closer.
• Gifts can help say thank you for someone's kindness.
• Giving a gift shows you think about the person.
 • People feel happy and valued when they get a special gift.
• Sharing gifts on occasions helps people feel connected and make
memories.
• Exchanging gifts can make relationships stronger by spreading kindness
and good feelings.

Sample Answer

Gift-giving is important for making relationships stronger. When we give gifts,

we show we care about the person and appreciate them. It could be for a
birthday, a holiday, or just to say thank you. Giving a gift helps people feel
closer to each other.
One way giving gifts helps relationships is by making people feel closer. When
we choose a gift that means something to the person, it shows we understand
them and value what they like. This makes them feel more connected to us and
makes our relationship stronger.
Also, giving gifts is a way to say thank you for someone's kindness or support.
Whether it's a friend who's helped us or a family member who's been there for
us, giving them a gift is a way to show we're grateful for what they've done.
Moreover, giving a gift shows we care about the person and think about what
they like. When we pick a gift that suits their interests or needs, it shows we've
thought about them and want to make them happy. This makes them feel valued
and appreciated, which strengthens our relationship with them.
In conclusion, giving gifts is an important way to build and strengthen
relationships. Whether it's by expressing appreciation, making connections, or
spreading happiness, giving gifts helps create bonds built on caring and
kindness.

Unit 10
Different Views on Technology
People have different opinions about technology. Some people think it's great,
while others have concerns.
People who like technology say it helps in many ways. They think it makes life
easier and more enjoyable. For example, phones and computers help us do
things quickly. We can talk to friends and family who are far away. Technology
also helps us learn new things and get information fast. Additionally, it allows
us to connect with people from all around the world through social media
platforms and online communities, fostering global friendships and
collaborations.
But some people worry about technology. They think we use it too much and
forget to talk to each other face-to-face. They also worry about privacy. For
example, when we use the internet, companies might collect our information
without asking. Some people are scared that robots might take over jobs, and
people will lose work. Furthermore, there are concerns about the negative
impact of technology on physical and mental health, such as excessive screen
time leading to eye strain and sedentary lifestyles contributing to obesity.
Different ages and cultures have different thoughts about technology. Young
people who grow up with smartphones and computers usually like them. But
older people might not like them as much because they didn't grow up with
them. They might also worry more about changes in society. Moreover, cultural
factors influence attitudes towards technology, with some societies embracing
technological advancements eagerly while others may be more cautious or
resistant due to cultural values and traditions.
In conclusion, people have different ideas about technology. Some say it's
amazing and improves life. Others say we need to be careful and think about
how we use it. It's important to consider both the good and bad sides of
technology and find a balance in its usage to ensure it enhances our lives
without causing harm.

Vocabulary
• Concerns: Worries or fears about something you think could be a
problem.
• Foster: To help something grow or develop.
• Collaboration: Working together with others on a project or task.
 • Privacy: Keeping personal information or activities safe from others.
• Excessive: Too much of something, beyond what's needed.
• Eye strain: When your eyes hurt from looking at screens or reading for a
long time.
• Sedentary: Not moving much, sitting for long periods.
• Obesity: Being very overweight, which can be unhealthy.
• Contribute: To add or help with something.
• Influence: The power to change or affect someone or something.
• Cautious: Being careful to avoid problems or dangers.
• Resistant: Not wanting to change or accept something.
• Ensure: To make sure something happens or is certain.
• Enhance: To make something better or improve it.

Task 1
Answer the following questions about the text.
• What are some reasons people like technology?
• Why do some people worry about privacy when using the internet?
• Who might be concerned about robots taking over jobs?
• When do young people typically start using smartphones and computers?
• How do cultural factors influence attitudes towards technology?

Read the text again and write T for True, F for False sentences in the
passage.
• People who like technology believe it makes life more complicated.
(False)
• Some individuals are concerned that companies collect personal
information without permission. (True)
• Older people usually prefer technology over face-to-face communication.
(False)
• Cultural factors have no influence on attitudes towards technology.
(False)
• The text suggests that using technology excessively can lead to physical
health issues. (True)
Task 2
Complete the following sentences with words from the text.

• Some people worry about ___________ when using the internet.

• Young people who grow up with smartphones and computers usually
___________ them.
• There are concerns about the negative impact of technology on
___________ health.
• Older people might not like technology as much because they didn't
___________ with it.
• Cultural factors can influence attitudes towards ___________
advancements.

For Practise
“As well/ too/also”
“(the) Most/least”

Essay topics
Is it better to play outside or on games? Explain why you think one is more fun
or enjoyable than the other.
Do phones help us connect with friends or make us lonely? Share your
experience with friends and technology.
Should teachers use computers in class? Give reasons why or why not, based on
what you like and don't like in school.
Question:
Learning by reading vs. learning by watching videos: Explain how you
understand things better and why.

Ideas:
• Some people prefer reading because they can go at their own pace and
take breaks when needed.
 • Reading allows you to focus on the information without distractions from
visuals or sounds.
• When you read, you can imagine things in your mind, which helps you
remember and understand better.
• Reading helps improve vocabulary and language skills, as you encounter
new words and phrases.
• Videos provide a more engaging experience with visuals and sounds that
can help you remember information.
• Watching videos allows you to see demonstrations and examples, making
complex concepts easier to understand.
• Videos can be more entertaining and enjoyable than reading, especially
for visual learners.
• Some people find it easier to stay focused and retain information when
watching videos compared to reading.

Sample Answer

I prefer learning by reading because it helps me understand things better. When

I read, I can go at my own pace and take breaks when needed. I don't have to
worry about missing something if I need to pause for a moment. Additionally,
reading allows me to focus solely on the information without distractions from
visuals or sounds. I can concentrate better and absorb the material more
effectively.
Another reason why I prefer reading is that it stimulates my imagination. When
I read, I can visualize the concepts in my mind, which helps me remember and
understand them better. For example, if I'm reading a description of a historical
event, I can picture the scene unfolding in my head, making it more memorable.
This mental imagery enhances my learning experience and makes it more
enjoyable.
Furthermore, reading helps me improve my vocabulary and language skills. As
I encounter new words and phrases while reading, I learn their meanings and
how to use them in context. This exposure to a variety of language enriches my
understanding of the subject matter and enhances my ability to communicate
effectively.
Overall, while both reading and watching videos have their merits, I find that I
understand things better when I read. It allows me to learn at my own pace,
stimulates my imagination, and improves my language skills. Reading is my
preferred method of learning because it offers a focused and immersive
experience that resonates with me.

Unit 11

Recommendation
A recommendation is a suggestion or advice to do something or choose
something. Recommendations can be made by friends, family, experts, or even
algorithms. They can be based on personal experiences, research, or a
combination of both. In the context of film recommendations, a
recommendation is a suggestion to watch a particular film. Film
recommendations can be based on the viewer's interests, tastes, or previous
viewing habits. They can also be based on the merits of the film itself, such as
its critical acclaim or awards.

Tom's Recommendation: The Martian (2015)

Hey everyone, Tom here! I'm a big fan of science fiction movies, and I wanted
to recommend one of my favorites: The Martian (2015). It's a true story about
an astronaut named Mark Watney who gets stranded on Mars and has to use his
ingenuity to survive. It's a really inspiring and uplifting movie that will show
you the power of the human spirit.
The Martian is a great movie for English learners because it's full of exciting
action and suspense. It also has a lot of interesting scientific concepts that are
explained in a way that's easy to understand. I think you'll really enjoy it!

Hidden Figures (2016)

"Hidden Figures" is an inspiring and uplifting film that tells the story of three
African-American women who played a critical role in NASA's early space
program. Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson were all
brilliant mathematicians who faced discrimination and prejudice because of
their race and gender. However, they never gave up on their dreams, and they
eventually made significant contributions to the success of the American space
program.
This film is a must-see for anyone who wants to learn about the history of
women in STEM. It is also a reminder of the importance of diversity and
inclusion in the workplace.

Review:
"Hidden Figures" is a powerful and important film that is beautifully acted and
directed. It is a story that needs to be told, and I am so glad that it has been
made. I highly recommend this film to everyone.
Rating: 5 out of 5 stars

Vocabulary
• Research: Looking into and studying things to find out new information.
• Particular: About one specific thing, not everything.
• Based on: Using something as a starting point or reason.
• Acclaim: Getting lots of praise or approval from people.
• Awards: Prizes or honors given to people for doing something well.
• Science fiction: Stories about things that could happen in the future or in
space, often with new technology or aliens.
• Get stranded: Being stuck in one place because you can't go anywhere
else.
• Ingenuity: Being clever and creative in solving problems.
• Inspiring: Making people feel excited or hopeful about doing something
good.
• Uplifting: Making people feel happier or more positive.
• Suspense: Making people feel excited or worried about what will happen
next in a story.
• Discrimination: Treating people unfairly because they are different in
some way.
• Prejudice: Judging people without knowing them, usually because they
are different.
• Eventually: Finally, after some time.
• Significant: Important or having a big effect on something.
• Diversity: Having many different kinds of people or things.
• Inclusion: Making sure everyone is involved and feels welcome.
• Workplace: Where people go to work, like an office or a store.
Task 1
Answer the following questions about the text.
• What is a recommendation?
• Who is Tom recommending the movie "The Martian" to?
• What is "The Martian" about?
• Who are the main characters in "Hidden Figures"?
• Why does Tom think "The Martian" is a great movie for English
learners?
• What is the review of "Hidden Figures" about?

Read the text again and write T for True, F for False sentences in the
passage.

• Tom recommends "The Martian" because it is a fantasy movie.

o False
• "Hidden Figures" is a film about the contributions of three African-
American women to NASA's space program.
o True
• The three women in "Hidden Figures" faced no discrimination or
prejudice.
o False
• Tom believes "The Martian" is suitable for English learners because it
lacks scientific explanations.
o False
• The review of "Hidden Figures" rates the film as 4 out of 5 stars.
o False
• "Hidden Figures" highlights the importance of diversity and inclusion in
the workplace.
o True

Task 2

Complete the following sentences with words from the text.

• Tom is recommending the movie ___________ to everyone.
• "The Martian" is a story about an astronaut named _________.
 • In "Hidden Figures," the three African-American women faced
__________ and prejudice.
• "Hidden Figures" is a reminder of the importance of diversity and
__________ in the workplace.
• The review of "Hidden Figures" rates the film as _______ out of 5 stars.
• "The Martian" is a movie that Tom believes is great for English learners
because it has exciting action and __________.
• "Hidden Figures" tells the story of three brilliant __________ who made
significant contributions to the American space program.
• According to the review, "Hidden Figures" is a powerful and important
film that needs to be _________.

Writing topics
Write a review of your favorite movie.
Compare two movies in the same genre.
Write a review of a movie that you would not recommend.
Question:
What is the importance of film criticism?
Ideas:
• Movie reviews help people choose which films to watch.
• They provide insights into the quality of acting, directing, and
storytelling.
• Critics look at the main ideas and messages in films.
• Talking about movies can start discussions and chats.
• Reviews can show both good and not-so-good parts of a film.
• Filmmakers can learn from what people say about their movies.
• Critics give different views and ideas about films.
• They can change what people think and how much money movies make.
• Writing about films keeps the history and culture of movies alive.
• Critics help movies with new and good ideas get noticed.

Sample Answer
 Reviewing movies is important for many reasons. It helps folks decide which
films to see. In a world with lots of movies coming out, it can be hard to pick
the right ones. Reviews give clues about how good the acting, directing, and
storytelling are, which helps us decide. Also, they look at what the movie is
trying to say. It's like reading between the lines to understand what the story
means. This can make watching movies more fun and interesting.
Reviews can also start conversations. When people talk about movies, they
share what they liked and didn't like. This makes for good chats with friends
and family. And, reviews are not just about what's good. They also talk about
what could be better. This can help filmmakers know what to do next time to
make a better movie.
Moreover, critics give different opinions. Some might love a movie, while
others might not. This shows that everyone sees things differently, which is
okay. Furthermore, what critics say can change what people think about a
movie. If a movie gets good reviews, more people might want to see it. This can
make a big difference to how much money the movie makes.
In conclusion, movie reviews help us choose what to watch and understand
films better. They start conversations, give filmmakers tips, and keep movie
history alive. Critics also help good movies get noticed, which keeps cinema
fresh and exciting.

Multi-word verbs
Find out: To discover or learn something
Keep up: To maintain the same pace or level of progress
Look up: To search for something in a reference book or online
Make up: To invent or create something
Set up: To arrange or prepare something
Take up: To start doing something regularly
Turn up: To arrive or appear
Put up: To build or erect something
Break down: To divide something into smaller parts
Get together: To meet with other people
Run into: To encounter someone unexpectedly
Come across: To find something unexpectedly
Fall behind: To not be able to keep up with the pace of something
Look forward to: To anticipate something with pleasure
Take care of: To deal with or manage something

Unit 12
Hometown
Once upon a time, there was a nice little town called Havenwood. It sat among
hills and green fields, like a cozy blanket in nature's arms. The people of
Havenwood were friendly, with smiles as bright as the flowers in the meadows.
In the center of town was a pretty square where people gathered to play and
talk. Flowers of all colors grew there, making it look like a painter's picture. In
the middle stood a big old tree, its branches reaching up like wise arms. The
kids of Havenwood were full of energy, their laughter filling the streets like
music. They played games, explored, and made every day an adventure with
their imaginations. The older folks watched over them with pride, happy to see
the young ones enjoying life so much.
As the seasons changed, Havenwood looked different. In spring, the town was
covered in colorful wildflowers. Summer brought swimming, fishing, and
picnics by the lake. In fall, the leaves danced in the breeze, painting a beautiful
scene. And in winter, Havenwood turned into a snowy wonderland.
Life in Havenwood was simple and calm, with traditions, community, and a
love for nature. Time seemed to slow down, and worries disappeared, replaced
by peace and belonging. Havenwood wasn't just a town; it was a safe place
where people felt at home.

Vocabulary
• Blanket: A big cloth to keep you warm.
• Square: An open area in town.
• Meadow: A field with lots of grass.
• Gather: To come together.
• Branches: Parts of a tree that stick out.
• Reach up: To stretch your arms high.
 • Wise: Smart and knowing a lot.
• Laughter: Sound made when you're happy.
• Explore: To go and discover new places.
• Pride: Feeling good about yourself.
• Cover: To put something over something else.
• Wildflower: A flower that grows naturally.
• Breeze: A light wind.
• Scene: A place where something happens.
• Wonderland: A magical place in stories.
• Community: A group of people in one place.
• Disappear: To vanish or go away.
• Replace: To take the place of something else.
• Peace: Being calm and quiet.

Task 1

Answer the following questions about the text.

• What was the name of the town in the story?
• Where was Havenwood located?
• What did the people do in the pretty square?
• How did the kids of Havenwood spend their time?
• How did the town look in different seasons?
• Why did people feel happy and calm in Havenwood?
Fill in the following sentences with words from the text.
• The people of Havenwood were as friendly as the __________ in the
meadows.
• In the center of town was a pretty __________ where people gathered.
• The kids of Havenwood filled the streets with their __________.
• In summer, people enjoyed __________ by the lake.
• Life in Havenwood was simple and calm, with __________, community,
and a love for nature.
• Time seemed to slow down, and worries __________, replaced by peace
and belonging.
• Havenwood wasn't just a town; it was a __________ where people felt at
home.

Task 2
Read the text again and write T for True, F for False sentences in the
passage.
• The people of Havenwood were not very friendly. (False)
• The kids of Havenwood spent their time indoors. (False)
• Summer brought skiing and snowboarding in Havenwood. (False)
• In winter, Havenwood turned into a snowy wonderland. (True)
• Life in Havenwood was hectic and busy. (False)
• Time seemed to speed up in Havenwood. (False)
• Havenwood was just an ordinary town. (False)

For Practise
Adjectives (“angry/big/calm/fast/happy/heavy/wide/thirsty/slow”)
“Take” expressions
Take someone's advice: To follow someone's suggestion.
Take charge: To take control of a situation.
Take a break: To stop doing something for a short time.
Take your time: To do something slowly and carefully.
Take it easy: To relax and not worry about anything.
Take advantage of something: To use something to your benefit.
Take it out on someone: To be angry or upset with someone and express it in a
negative way.

Phrasal verbs with "take"

Take up: To start doing something regularly.
Take after: To resemble someone in appearance or personality.
Take off: To leave a place.
Take down: To remove something.
Take in: To understand something.
Take out: To remove something.
Take over: To control something.
Take part in: To participate in something.
Take responsibility for: To be accountable for something.

Writing topics
Describe your hometown in detail, including its physical appearance, its people,
and its culture.
Share a personal story or memory about your hometown.
Write about a time when you felt a strong sense of belonging to your
hometown.
Discuss the changes that have taken place in your hometown over time.
Question:
What are the main differences between urban and rural areas?

Ideas

• Population Density: Urban areas typically have a higher population

density compared to rural areas, where there are fewer people spread out
over larger areas.
• Infrastructure: Urban areas tend to have more developed infrastructure,
such as roads, public transportation, and utilities, while rural areas may
have less infrastructure and amenities.
• Lifestyle: Urban areas are often associated with a fast-paced lifestyle,
while rural areas are known for a slower, more relaxed pace of life.
• Economy: Urban areas usually have more diverse economic
opportunities, including a wider range of jobs and industries, whereas
rural areas may rely more on agriculture or natural resource extraction.
• Access to Services: Urban areas generally have better access to services
such as healthcare, education, and entertainment, while rural areas may
have limited access to these services.
 • Environment: Rural areas typically offer more natural landscapes and
outdoor recreational opportunities, while urban areas may have more
pollution and less green space.
• Community: Rural communities often have a stronger sense of
community and social cohesion, with people knowing each other well and
often participating in local events and activities.
• Cost of Living: The cost of living tends to be higher in urban areas due to
factors such as housing prices and living expenses, whereas rural areas
may offer a lower cost of living.
• Cultural Diversity: Urban areas are usually more culturally diverse, with
people from different backgrounds and ethnicities, while rural areas may
have a more homogeneous population.
• Connectivity: Urban areas often have better internet connectivity and
access to technology, while rural areas may face challenges with
connectivity and access to digital resources.

Sample Answer
Urban and rural areas are two different types of living places, each with its own
characteristics and lifestyle differences. One big difference between urban and
rural areas is how many people live there. Urban areas usually have more
people living close together, while rural areas have fewer people spread out
over bigger areas.
Another difference is about the stuff in the area. Urban areas usually have more
things like roads, buses, and water pipes. Rural areas might not have as much
stuff like that. This difference can make life in urban and rural areas seem pretty
different.
In terms of how people live, urban areas are known for being busy, with people
always doing things like work or school. On the other hand, rural areas are more
relaxed, with people enjoying the calmness of nature and being close with their
neighbors.
Economically, urban areas have more jobs and different kinds of work, while
rural areas often depend on farming or using natural things. Also, cities usually
have better services like hospitals and schools, while rural places might not
have as many services.
Even though there are differences, both urban and rural areas have their good
sides. Cities have lots of different people and fun things to do, while rural areas
are quieter and have a strong sense of community. Choosing between city and
country life depends on what each person likes and needs.