·

tra scientific method

What is research ? is the study of a problem or situation to

get more information

.
-
scientific process of collecting ,
analyzing data for situation
#
finding new knowledge 61 81 . .

#
Adding information to existing knowledge .

do research ?
why research comes from wanting to :-

&d
* extend our
understanding
-
* add to our
knowledge .

discover
something new
*
· .

&

80 88
research
type
primary secondary
data collected by yourself :
data collected analyzed , and
,

Surveys reported by other researchers :

*
Questionnaires -a - - & ~
*
Research journals
* +
Checklists --
2
- Books
*
Interviews study
*
Textbooks
*
Focus groups -
*
Government databases
&
*
Documents &
*
scholar websites
*
*
Observation 510
S
- 86 Encyclopedias
*
*
Experiments &% &31 :1 official documents
 steps of method
creating scientific

=
·

choose your Topic

background research
"Secondary g
e
Do

Hypothesis
3
Write
your
research question
#
collect data "primary"
5
Analyze your data
6
Draw conclusions
L present your results

I
choose yourTopic areating a research question
The research question should be
wa unity
:

& RELEVANT to student life or the important

zow * INTERESTIG to you
*
FOCUSED and SPECIFIC
5
*
POSSIBLE to research easible
.

MIND MAPS can also help us to brainstorm ideas and narrow

down our research focus

.
 2
Do background research "Secondary"
is organized search and summary of key literature
.

o it is a review of what other people have reported about your topic .

after topic background

choosing a ,
we do some . This
research means we:

*
READ about the topic
*
GET IDEAS about problems or situation related to it
.
&
FIND available information and resources about it

Find more information about your topic

"

why do we do
background researchy "What is the benefit ?

# Get a better
-100,
understanding of the
6)
topic .

Seeprevious researchina areas.

-

How can we do
background research ?
# SEARCH find secondary using the
sources MCT Library or
searching
the internet use
keywords from
your topic
-

scholar
genge
# READ ideas
Highlight keyE.

that will reference in

you your
Iterature review
4561 E.g

SUMMARIZE PUsing
#

"Paraphrases" and quotations"

summarize the ideas from
key
the sources .
 5530 J

Choose sources that are RELIABLE and CREDIBLE -

1
. 5%
.

information that is dependable or

- -5
can be trusted free from
,
errors
-

· slid and based evidence

Dias on .
-r
,

·A -- - -
5
Idisr

3
-00
jvg

worst three sources

How should we search?

made with research equation
use a search term keywords from your
and Boolean operators

BODLEAN OPERATORS
AND finds result that include all the keywords .
which all keywords will not be .
listed

OR finds results that include any of the keywords .

contain all items also of them
which
may contain one .

NOT exclude results that include the

keyword after it.

which the word will not be listed

.
# use it all capital letters

you need
o
what do I know about any topic ?
to ask
want to find out about
what do I
my topicy
yourself ·
what are relevant words to topic ? my
 USING KEYWORDS -
keywords are special words that help you find information
quickly .
when

you use
keywords. It's like
using a
magic word to unlock the right books
.

-50
It is important as when
you use a keyword on a search engine or

database .
It helps you find exactly what you are
looking for
-158
- 15 e keep it simple
words that have
of
keywords
or
as you can use synonyms our ,

broader
i
meaning do
is two words that mean the same
thing.
a
quick and easy way to find synonyms is to use an online Thesaurus or an online
dictionary
What should we do with
the information we find ?
Read it Highlight ,
note and summarize key information,
~ 8
! i
Paraphrase S
it write key information indirectly in your own words.

-i
& note it
Take key information directly from the source
.

use quotation marks"

Quote whole or part of a sentence

.

introduce a
quotation with phases like :-
According to
~ As stated
by

Cite it say who wrote the source ,

don't forget it
Paraphrase
*
Last name
E
write who say it and when surname ,
year)
* Rustation
write who wrote it , when and page number

(surname , year , Page number

 APA Reference List
*
Lists all sources you see 51. 5.5
-1
de
* *
Credits the authors of the sources and avoids
-
plagiarism
*
References include these 4 elements :
-

Author's name . (Date) title

.
of work .
Publisher information

overview of information resources

weeks class 1 .
2
1
⑤
-

-
&

what is information ? is data that has been eeed organized , ,

and structured

in
way
that is
meaningful -
and
oJSi
useful. 891

>
- facts and it
It can come in forms
various ,
such as ,
knowledge ,
or
insights , helps us

understand and interpret the world around us

.

-s a

information can be found in books websites conversation , and other sources

.
, ,
many

where can we find information ?In various sources ,

including :

-6

Reading texts
* : Books , articles and online content provide
,
a wealth of information

on countless topics .

8-50s
-
*
Social Media: Platforms like Twitter ,
Facebook ,
and LinkedIn offer information
.

& / -

Experience
*
:
Personal experiences and observation can be valuable sources of information

& J -
*

Learning in Class : Classroom environments , through Lectures ,

discussions and ,

interactive activities
De-
 &
>
-
Popular and
Scholarly
~ Academic sources

51

popular sources are

E10 ,
intended for the general public ,
written in non-technical language by

journalists writers without subject expertise wide range of topics with and
or
, covering a summaries
-911

engaging visuals
.

Example :- include newspapers , magazines ,

and websites
.

& sl,
ps

S
Scholarly sources ,
intended for students
· 19
and

. i
professionals ,
are written by experts

providing in-depth analysis and original research ,

often peer-reviewed ,
and include detailed references
·

Example o include academic journals and conference papers

.

Print sources of Electrons sources of

information information
*
Newspapers * The Internet

* Journals * online Journals

* # eBooks
Books
* *
Dictionary Academic Databases
*
Encyclopedia -

San
 ↑
-
- -

-86)

E - >d)
 evaluation of sources of information
weeks class 1 D .

online resources after selected your topic you should decide : -

↑
what want to know about your topic
you

*
what the know about the topic
things you are
already ,

*
where you can find more information about your topic
,

information so
&
databases to find
you can use online or
google

Domains is an address on the internet. Websites have a domain that helps you find them
.

finding -
checking the domain is the first step in reliable information

5 ?
TYPES >
-
. com "commercial" used for business and commercial websites
.

-
> .
Org "organization" used for m -h
profit organizations .

OF >
-
.
edu "education" used for colleges schools and universities. ,

>
-
.
you "government" used by government websites
.

DOMAINS >
·
net "network" used by internet services that work with networks
.

W Jas 8

Evaluating sources when evaluating the reliability of your sources

, you

should consider CRAAP test to help you evaluate your

deferent
criteria
So you can use the .
sources
,

&
Currency -

Is the information recent enough for your topic ?

& /: Relevance Dose it fit your research needs ? relevant to your research
-

558

↑ Authority
reputable
-

Who wrote or published it ,

and are
they credible ? and 95 .

trustworthy
Accuracy
r

> -
Is it supported by facts and evidence ? the claims
are e t

9) 50i cited correctly

-Purpose -

Why was it created ,

and is it objective ?
/motive
Si) 99 a

Example :

&
 Jaso
>
-
Locations for reliable
Search sources &

·
MCT Library and google scholar-provide information of an

academic standard .

Advantages of
using HCT library
-

gives reliable information that can be

trusted , provides access to complete document all available,

sources are free for

NCT students ,
can
get citations at one click.

·
Academic databases -

are online collections of scholarly resource

.

They are accessible via educational institutions and subscriptions

,

include peer reviewed journals ,

conference papers and books .
They are

continuously updated ,
offer advanced searches and citation tools
.

>
- Research Database
research database searchable collection of
·
organized
-

information
Allows you to search many resources . It
simultaneously can be general or

academic specific .
Requires keywords or
synonyms of keywords to search

for information .