REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN-II

(CE-416) FALL 2024

MODULE-7
DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS WITHOUT BEAMS
(FLAT PLATES AND FLAT SLABS)

Dr. Akhtar Gul

Department of Civil Engineering, UET Peshawar (Bannu Campus)
Some content courtesy of Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali, UET Peshawar.
CONTENT
Part – I Analysis and Design of two-way slab Systems without beams for
Flexure

➢ Background

➢ Direct Design Method (DDM)

➢ Analysis Procedure using DDM

➢ Example

➢ Other ACI Provisions for Flat Slabs

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CONTENT
Part – II Analysis and Design of two-way slab Systems without beams for
Shear

➢ Introduction

➢ Design of Slabs for Punching Shear

➢ Example

➢ References

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 Section – I

Flexural Design of Two-Way Slab System without Beams

(Flat Plates and Flat Slabs)

Flat plate floor slab, carried directly by columns without Flat slab floor, without beams but with slab thickness increased at the
beams or girders. columns and with flared column tops to provide for local concentration
of forces.

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ANALYSIS METHODS
Methods of analysis

1-Moment coefficient method

➢ Can be used for two-way slab system supported by beams or walls.

➢ Slab panels are analyzed having 12” of width in longer and shorter directions.

➢ Other conditions have been explained in previous classes.

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ANALYSIS METHODS
Methods of analysis

2-Direct Design method

➢ Can be used for two-way slab system with and without beams or walls.

➢ Frame strips are analyzed rather than slab panels.

➢ Moments in the frames are distributed in the longitudinal and transverse direction.

➢ It becomes relatively more challenging when analyzing slabs that are supported through
beams or walls. Therefore, it is primarily useful for slabs without beams.

➢ Although the provisions for DDM present in ACI 318-14 Section 8.10 have been eliminated
from the latest version (ACI 318-19), it can still be used as per ACI R6.2.4.1.

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ANALYSIS METHODS
2-Direct Design method

➢ Limitations

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ANALYSIS METHODS
➢ Limitations

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DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
Distribution of frames

N-S frame

E-W frame

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DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
Division of frames (E-W frame)

E-W frame

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DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
Division of frames (N-S frame)

Exterior
Interior Interior

N-S frame

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DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
Stepwise procedure in DDM
➢ First check limitation on the application of DDM
1- Selection of Sizes
ACI table 8.3.1.1 is used for finding the slab thickness

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DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
Stepwise procedure in DDM
2- loads
Loads are calculated as per usual procedure of slabs
➢ Calculation of superimposed loads
➢ Live loads
➢ Self weights

Wu = 1.2 D.L + 1.6L.L

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DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
Stepwise procedure in DDM
3- Analysis, Marking of frames in each direction

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DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
Stepwise procedure in DDM
3- Analysis
Marking of frames in each direction

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DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
Stepwise procedure in DDM
Marking of frames in each direction

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DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
Stepwise procedure in DDM
Total static moment, Mo

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DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
Stepwise procedure in DDM
Longitudinal distribution of Mo

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DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
Stepwise procedure in DDM
Lateral distribution of calculated moments

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Example
➢ Analyze and Design the flat plate shown below using DDM. The slab supports a uniformly
distributed live load of 144 psf. All columns are 14″ square. Take f’c = 3 ksi and fy = 60 ksi

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EXAMPLE
1- Selection of Sizes
ACI table 8.3.1.1 is used for finding the slab thickness

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EXAMPLE
1- Selection of Sizes
Use exterior panel requirement as it gives greater value.
14
𝑙𝑛 25 − 2( )
ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 12 = 0.76′ = 9.12“
30 30
Let assume h = 10”
Assume #6 bar as a main reinforcement
d = 10 – clear cover – dia of #6 bar
d = 10 – 0.75 – (6/8) = 8.5”

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EXAMPLE
2- Loads
ℎ𝑓 10
𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 𝛾 = ∗ 0.150 = 0.125 𝑘𝑠𝑓
12 𝑟𝑐𝑐 12
Superimposed dead loads = Nil
Live load = 0.144 ksf

Wu = 1.2 DL +1.6LL
Wu = 1.2*o.125 + 1.6 *0.144
Wu = 0.38 ksf

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Marking frames and strips

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Marking frames and strips
l1 = 25’
l2 = 20’
ln = 25 – 14/12 = 23.83’
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑙1 𝑜𝑟 𝑙2
Columns strip = CS = = 10′
2
𝑙2−𝐶𝑆
Middle strip = MS = = 5′
2

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Marking frames and strips
l1 = 25’
20 14
l2 = + 0.5 = 10.58′
2 12
ln = 25 – 14/12 = 23.83’
20 14
CS = + 0.5 = 5.58′
4 12
𝑙2−𝐶𝑆
Middle strip = MS = = 5′
2

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Static moment Mo in interior frame
𝑾𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒍𝒏𝟐 𝟎.𝟑𝟖𝟏 ∗𝟐𝟎 ∗𝟐𝟑.𝟖𝟑 𝟐
𝑴𝒐 = = = 𝟓𝟒𝟎. 𝟗′ 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔
𝟖 𝟖

This moment will be distributed longitudinally

and laterally

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Static moment Mo in interior frame, 𝑴𝒐 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎. 𝟗′ 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔
Longitudinal distribution

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Static moment Mo in interior frame 𝑴𝒐 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎. 𝟗′ 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔
Lateral distribution

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Static moment Mo in interior frame, 𝑴𝒐 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎. 𝟗′ 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔
Lateral distribution

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Static moment Mo in exterior frame

l1 = 25’

20 14
l2 = + 0.5 = 10.58′
2 12

ln = 25 – 14/12 = 23.83’

20 14
CS = 4
+ 0.5 12
= 5.58′

𝑙2−𝐶𝑆
Middle strip = MS = = 5′
2
𝑾𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒍𝒏𝟐 𝟎.𝟑𝟖𝟏 ∗𝟏𝟎 ∗𝟐𝟑.𝟖𝟑 𝟐
𝑴𝒐 = = = 𝟐𝟕𝟎. 𝟒𝟒′ 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔
𝟖 𝟖

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Static moment Mo in exterior frame 𝑴𝒐 = 𝟐𝟕𝟎. 𝟒𝟒′ 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Static moment Mo in exterior frame 𝑴𝒐 = 𝟐𝟕𝟎. 𝟒𝟒′ 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Summary of moments

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Summary of moments, (per unit strip)

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (E-W direction)
Bending Moment Diagrams

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (N-S direction)
Marking frames and strips
l1 = 20’
l2 = 25’
ln = 20 – 14/12 = 18.83’
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑙1 𝑜𝑟 𝑙2
Columns strip = CS = = 10′
2
𝑙2−𝐶𝑆
Middle strip = MS/2 = = 7.5′
2

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (N-S direction)
Marking frames and strips
25 14
l2 = + 0.5 = 13.08′
2 12
ln = 20 – 14/12 = 18.83’
20 14
CS = + 0.5 = 5.58′
4 12
𝑙2−𝐶𝑆
Middle strip = MS = = 7.5′
2

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (N-S direction)
Moment in interior frame
The same procedure is repeated to find moments in N-S direction

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (N-S direction)
Summary of moments

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (N-S direction)
Summary of moments (per unite strip)

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EXAMPLE
3- Analysis (N-S direction)
Summary of moments

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EXAMPLE
4- Calculation of reinforcement
(E-W direction)
Unit rules for calculation of steel area

➢ For a unit moment M=1’”k

2.614𝑀𝑢 2.614𝑥1
➢ 𝑎 = 𝑑 − 𝑑2 − = 8.5 − 8.52 − = 0.0042"
𝑓 ′𝑏 3𝑥12
𝑐

𝑀𝑢 1
➢ 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = 0.0042 = 0.0022 𝑖𝑛2
∅𝑓𝑦(𝑑− 2 ) 0.9𝑥60(8.5− )
2

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EXAMPLE
4- Calculation of reinforcement (E-W direction)

M > 17’ kips A = Mu, max = 28.4’k

M > 13’ kips B = 16’k
M < 13’ kips C = 12’k

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EXAMPLE
4- Calculation of reinforcement (E-W direction)

➢ For moment A = 28.4’k = 340.8 “k

As = 0.0022*340.8 = 0.75 in2 ( #5 @5” c/c)

➢ For moment B = 16 ’k = 192 “k

As = 0.0022*192 = 0.422 in2 ( #5 @8” c/c)

➢ For moment B = 12 ’k = 144 “k

As = 0.0022*144 = 0.32 in2 ( #5 @12” c/c)

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EXAMPLE
4- Calculation of reinforcement (N-S direction)
Using same procedure for N-S direction
For moment A ( #5 @6” c/c)
For moment B ( #5 @12” c/c)

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EXAMPLE
4- Calculation of reinforcement

𝐴𝑠, 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018 ∗ 12 ∗ 10 = 0.21 𝑖𝑛2

For two-way sab

Smax = 2hf

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OTHER ACI PROVISIONS FOR FLAT SLABS
Detailing of Flexural Reinforcement

➢ In two-way slabs with beam supports, bars in shorter direction are placed closer to the surface
due to greater moments in the shorter direction.

➢ However, for flat plates, long-direction bars in middle and column strips are placed nearer the
surface due to larger moments in the longer direction.

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OTHER ACI PROVISIONS FOR FLAT SLABS
Splicing

➢ ACI 8.7.4.2.1 requires that all bottom bars within the column strip in each direction be
continuous or spliced with length equal to 1.0 ld , (For development length see ACI 25.4.2.3 or
Nelson 13th Ed, page 172 chapter 5 or mechanical or welded splices).

Continuity of Bars

➢ ACI 8.7.4.2.2 requires that at least two of the column strip bottom bars in each direction must
pass within the column core and must be anchored at exterior supports.

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OTHER ACI PROVISIONS FOR FLAT SLABS
Detailing of Flexural Reinforcement

➢ Standard Bar Cut off Points (Practical Recommendation) for column and middle strips both are shown
below.

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OTHER ACI PROVISIONS FOR FLAT SLABS
Detailing of Flexural Reinforcement

Reinforcement at Exterior Corners

➢ ACI 8.7.3.1.2 mandates reinforcement at exterior corners on the top and bottom of the slab, extending
one-fifth the longer span of the corner panel in both directions as shown in the figure.

➢ The positive and negative reinforcement should be of size and spacing equivalent to that required for
maximum positive moments (per foot of width) in the panel.

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OTHER ACI PROVISIONS FOR FLAT SLABS
Detailing of Flexural Reinforcement

Reinforcement at Exterior Corners

➢ There are two options available for providing corner reinforcement.

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 END OF LECTURE

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