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Numerical methods unit 5 bca 4th semester
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7 Unit -S ’
———-
Solving Ordinary Differential Equations:
i An equation which uses differential callus to apreis
webatoncp eben vantables +8 lenown a& dbffowntial epuation
Diffownbal equatine are of Aco Hypes!
-¥ Ordinary differential eguations (098)
> Rodel” chffmenfial epuacons (P98).
Ordinoy diffewtral equations: ,
A differendtal. equation with snale srdopendont variable. (is, Quant
with respect te wht the dependent vorlable 48 differentiate 4) 48
called lovdina® Aifvrendial equation.
For Ezamele. “7 ay
we See Be aye?
di :
Parke a uations:
A differential equation with, more Lhan ore depended v ;
us called pot! cbffeental epiacion
Example. 4 :
ae ee ee
ox yu
| the byt viable (ie Quartty beir deffoendel
and dy a saline ves. - avd y
Bile: Orden =-oghest dotabve a he cpdlow ne ba een if gree ylOnt.
P BE the conditions ae known. ad defbont hue )
he calles wie of he
Ml ye Le pl 2
excunple s .
SEL Ste the epuabinn ay gree Godty(a=2,
: |
| Solwi snebal Vallee. trobbomns:— i
|
> Taylors Series Method,
Taylors Series o-par tim, chen ye a 2 ;
ab sper by the v adion be my) aad pho
GC) = yO Cay Crema dle), teat We
2! : nt oe
Note f =Fy)=4y
$y = partial derivative of flay)
vith veapect foo
fy = partial doriyalre
Mow yo Gal) > wie Re PLD eth espe “shyt " feamglet, Solve the deflected equal y!= 202 such Huady 1 aba
Frnd y efor sc=2 by using ‘bral nn, Bors, . j ; ‘
Solubton: .
Frore, Taylenis Series Mebhod. we ave,
: = Box?
B= fet dhe bx «
ys fait oft Phyythdytd § a6
Now, Values of derivatives can be caluladed, absca1 03 belo: /
y=3
N26
Ms 6,
Subelthebing above. valves mm the Taylor's ‘senles,
led =y Go) #la-a10) p20) 0c ya BUD a) ie
. nt
* yl de 1+ (oct x3 + Cac Be (eet)
= 143 (2-1) 43 (xa Ra py a}8
Thig da the sobadl af + (x-ay
‘ eee ver af. a) on,
Row pub 22 ae hove Bie aig aque
H2)s14+3438H 28, 7 with snttial codibion ys) = y -
Nao we can rile the gen diffowtial equobin 28;
dye (x, ) wdec.
Takegrecting toil Bes we gel
i fy frGyy-de
i go %
eeiafiep=
y ag
> =yor Me (xsy) dle Tal #8 dle
4 d, js é - ro at
So we will wrtle anlegral eguection of given debkrontial
>» Preards Method:
2) eara's difocrtl quan yas =F)
HE ya Se fit NS Er
Fret Astet a: ep it la
yoy sf Foodies
i A Ap| sootmation: x
i Seca Ppperinene tt
ec # ryfiey de
| Aa Gerenal 1H Arpenmatin: yy + [Rag de. lon
aye vepeat He process tll Foo values of y Lcenives, sana or reaches dest am * Jey Golve He. cquedton pix 1 Preand's rnebiod. !
wee He snthal cediboe “yo se Ha ve 4 y@ 2)
correct up to B dectnal places.
ulin r
|
|
i
i
Soluton
vrs Yedary Yat dix =O
a gaa fe 4
! = 2614, ) ela, —_
es i bo é ot
aa (0)
“Ly Sey de.
van
zit { le
SS 02 >
sito Cin
Ad 20.2
yodet tree
2
= 44+0.2+002
21,92
Second, ro mada
2)
= UH fleiy®) doc Ay uy 8
ln ee
ye Be Bae cere To
= i+ rf wf? dx
= 14flex} sect dx
- aan ft 3 doe
=4+ { ie (ay eect [F =
- ee iat
= tz 18 Ad x=0.2.
yedaa rare 48 exh
2 3
= 4 40.2.40.02-+0.00266-+ 0/0002
= 1,22286,
“third, Approximation: -
Yreael$ (xiy)der.
xX
> fr. a4 Cs (if) dx.
0
= a+ Gavxy” dx.
oO
= a4 (Mate js pete FP doe
|
} _ 2,2 xt x5. of
| = ttt + +o te ae
Ad. 2202
i ———— 2, ah ra xf
| Y (od 4-424 25 tte te te
| = 140,240.02 + 000266 +0.0002-+0 . 0000213+0-0000 013%
= 4.292883,
Bree Compandng valve ¢ yx) at (2 anal yf Ae values are
covrech upll B decrmal places’. Hence the coltion 48
f 4.299.
>Ruller's Melhod ol. cok ih
Fer any gaven alitforendi equ jon AY, ) woth. mst
conte O84 Phe. Crone Sade Fer Fuleres
pOuad=y d-hd C5 4;).
whert, 20,4,2)3,.,
We shold cmbue Steps by ad t= sep size j
FG a ches co. gel ne TAREE each dre Exanghes Approximate Bho sdidton of the svttial—value problem.
Hooeu, u(O=4 by using Euler method with size.
ue ua? ral she dais af (08), ‘i
ohuttont
Gen, Few) = ahay? a cbefFra en
je know Brak,
’ Yad = Yoo) thf besy,)
Sdep-1
Bets =O. Yad ae
[itty Sa
| Sy Oa) $0.2 x Floto 4,)
| =Y(0)+0.2x4
» ; 1+0,2x1
2
au N
. Shep-2
| M402 5 Yetd Lon Beh
Now, ylaad= 9 (0%) od Leads
|
i ylesd+0.2xf lay.)
| yoaaxt(o9,25) pete
4.2 46, eT De “yrs
| aoe 2% (0.9% 4.9) Cee
Shep
= mabe
DQ HO 4 YatA9E cached ay im aH
Now, ylesd=y (CO val ‘dep
=4(0-4)+0.0%f leaige
21.4964 0.0% (0.4241.490)
= 1.936
_ ss, ylodd= 1.946 Arg:
| ;
ee
yun ow A> Heuns Methods 7
{ Sine. dhe enon vale. of euler rmebhod 00s Aigh os }
WrIndze eros ale Rulers nelled wos modified. So, Hel
8 He modttred Rulevis method
i
hel given defferenbical qqueation 1g a8 = =f) with sel
eodLion YO) =Yf + Then 2 rie melbod fired we
wt find lope's mann, ass
my = $ (=p 4p)
vas feu soa) nfo)
There Pinably we 48 Heung formula, 28;
We will cnbrue rie alps b Adigg skp size each dn ‘i
Ya 2k ea me
unded Ob rea ches fy given oi et aswedtd am Bal Mell)
Scone Apecnne desler of tke mild sglue problem
} Baxtry, Y= 1 by ustng Heun's method,
A pprosfinade’ Hee value of 4 (0 2).
Solution
Here, flesy) a2
| sep size h) =O,
I dovations a ae a
| X= a y= 4
Me oa ene O44? 4
me =f Cotte een) Cs mann
hs = “ie 05 4. 0s)
|
with hep swe f 0.05,
( ane
_@ %) = = ede: (rn,+m, )
|
7
Se “4 i) a4 +088 (141.0525) i 7 tlerabion 2
42005 5 Y=4.051%
m= F(t Ys) = 1.054
Mn = £ (2 , ula) +f (2% rf))
Ma =f (0.1, 1.0513 +a.05x4054:
bee =$ (04, 4.404) #
— = 4.114
ya) 2 y(o.2)
=y (2) +b (orm)
=4, 0515 +0105 ( 1.0.54-+1.114)
y= 4105 2
Tor abion’
204, Y= 1105,
omy 2 Fl 540) 21,115
me = § (2%, 5 yl%o)4hf Casto)
= f (0.15, 1.10540.05x1.115)
= f (0.15, 1.104)
4 = 1.64
M3) = (0.15) -
= ylos) +h Om 4m.)
Beg =O14 , Ya= 1162
my = f (X3,Y5)= 1,184 1 184)
= ty s\fa),) = F(0+2,4°162+0,05x1-
“ra =f (ag org) ted Cass) ea an
24.994
(24) = 4(0.2)
8 ots) lm.)
-o . = 4462. +005 (4.184 44.921) = 4.192
2
Thus, Yl02)=1.122 pre (RK-4% Order Mets
Fiodhor refs
ng Heums Method 2 Pout Orden
Range—Kubla Method,
A The f n-Heuns rnethod,
Awproves the, order. of opener Le tt
Graven. the mthelevalu,. problem:
doe £ (x) ) ¥ (200) =Y
For a fired. constard value af sh; yeh) aan be capprotinatel ;
] Fal & +h) == U, teh (r+ 2m,+2mg vy) |
show,
m= £ (oq, ty)
™=f(ayt Shh, ytrhm,
melee, yeah)
™H=Llath , iran, )
Example. Use, the Porth oder Rune
EP. sf22 02 to estrmade of
eee Cape Pye
Shep ste UN 20.2
Moe beradtand
» BO, G20 7
om =F (%,Y,)= £(0,0) =O 4
re Flaotghaaogh) =f (oO. 040) fa
m= F(t 02 sy mand? 24(04,0,001) 20,04
my =f (Xe +0. 24st meh) = $(0,2,0.002) =o.04
Kalbe method. wth 4
4) pate, y= yes 2 ylo2)
= yl) +exh frctOrnet DrnsstMg)
4
042-02 (04+2x0.0142x 6.014004)
= 0,0026%
xtoralio 2:
FG=0-2 5 Y,=00026#
aon, af (2414s) = £(0.2, 0.00984) = 0.04
m= f{(-4+ 025 y.taB2 =-4{0.3,0.00668) = 0.03004
ma =f (at0:2, dit mand2) of (0.3,0.0114) = 0.090136
2
m= f(a+0.2, yitmyh)= £(0.4,0.0204) = 0,1604-
e
(200) = y (4:
b)
=y (24) + gh (vig 20m, 20m +4.)
= 0.00264 1-4 w02(o.on-raxoousen +280 npt +060)
= 0.02135 .
Hence. ylor) = 0.02185
ae
BSSolv
System 0, Ordinary
Kxample 4: Solve Lha Followi
Ik erential Ke uadions :—
ing op stmnudl an f
“Itheenbal ide a“ 0 stmubtancaus first ord
hep stzé 0.25 |
az afi loy2) > glo=t
GE ete fly), 2(=0.
oan vnobhod. ch Sud ylr9. Rom Rulers method We howe, ahs tt fiw
Ww lovey =x(2t)+ W542) =
i
mt - -
Sor z giver in geaphin
AH gin ingestion
Given,
i fy lmry2=% and tolny z= eidey skp teeth) 025
\ Xheralint = Gea
A205 pad , _ fab
Nosy (ar) = yey deb (tes s20)
= 1+025x4, (0,1,2.
sin
atin = 140,25x (2)
= 440.5
45
| > y(0.29 =h.5 , Cle .
Q Alax)= 2(a)ehg (% More) A pe \
= 9 40.95 ¥F,(0)4, D2
= 240.25 x (-4)
=O-4
=4 |
>z(0.29)=4
i! Loralion 2. . —
i 2085, Y225, ua -
Now, YO2) = yla2) + hla syaite) 2
> Stotlenly we Conlanuc Hats process unittl at yeaches
imide yatlve ylO#5) addlag skep size 20.25 In
Ee ae eal vale of jf ovis) 40 Final dvotin tll be.
G48 calubion.
| (= 2 wil gougte Youtn
-_fr8= 9095) = 108 th slip ste On.
en es hoo stmulbanesva fired. orden did ferentral “, m
sf a= Aerytz yo =f :
az sltyte > z(d)=-2
Use. eure nlhod do find yO).
Zaubions
From Heun's webhod., we shave
yloaus) = YC) + hom ty)
bootie] Zz (2ey45) = 200) (ing a)
2,
Cen, 6 (yale MY 42 and fGny)2) Ye.
Sdebient
2 2 2-1 a
0; 21» % _fyaetin )
Wy = Sy (orffr%)20 ete
Maz Fa, (Mortfor0) =4 EEO ZED
May fa (4 94%) +m, s2hz6) hem) 2§ (0,409) 20-2
a = a yl) z(t) +r) = $,(04)2,-0-D 24-4
yl) = YlO-d) = le) +h (my my) = 1104 (040.9) = 1.0
2 [= z (01) > ald + Arty via) = -4 +04 (44-2— 0.395
2G S01 5 yy 41,01 , %y2+0.895
May = $2414) 20.245
‘My = §, (oarya sts) = 4-45
May = fy (Ata 9 4(04) tobi ala) thmng) =h(0 241.0315, -0.4339) =0.448.
Wg = F(a 4% th ry 9238) thy) of, (0.2408155-0,9835) = 1298
Yba=yloa) = yCs)+ (My tiny’) 4.01422 o.015 41.486) 21.0265
a(2C2) = 0-9) 22( x3) +4 (mae mp2) 2-895 +2025 +115) =0.908
Thus, (0.2) = 1.0765, SHishe Onl, Deffeenbial Ryuchinnsin,
Excarnpbets Reovtte the, Foblows deff verbal. uation a3 2
set of fel order difleendch equaling: ?
dy vod By 2 ox yoo Lglod=t.
Find y (0.2) by Euler's method wth skp sive O4
So: 7 ‘
tired, Phe second. order. differendal epualien 48
reorttlen a3 “hoo stmublanens firsb—order differential
mS ag follows:
a =y.
ae. +22~3y = bor
ii 2 = 6x4849=
| Se, the theo strullanens frst: orden, diffewicl
_— epations ave, Shox, yloleo
= = 6x-+3y-20 , 2(0)=1
Nele Nos th uations bea fan ft
ie we aed ‘Phoe m B. (12, Sola pelo af ogee
equation) New we solve! sas we dif a
eacanphe v by Eula's nrcthod--m 8, (Badly Sune meted)
i Srvatlonly We do exactly s fw vi:
second we Sel RT the sa hos © Tle
- oer je
—rathod 8 sens Shen ne ee mm
Same wey 83 we did m example 2 2m B, #Shooling Melo
In Hus mdbhod given. koundsy value problem 15 frsh transformed
silo epufvalerd ntlial value probleme and Lhen 28 38 cobved, by uth
ef He method used, for solving snthal value problem. hos ei
‘rnagn sheps anvolved mm shop "f omebhod, are:—
orien boundoy value provlem tnto equstvalend onthal value
> on of sntteal value. prblon by ushng any existing
> Get solubin of boundyy vlc, problem,
Consider the, houndyy value. problem
Noflcgy') yeu uiev
led yl=z, ed cam han fling Oy wid equally
zt eflxiyi2) :
To selve above tnttial vale poblem we need, +s have too condita
ab x=a.We have gfrer one. condthion Ylajmu let quees anobhes.
crditin +4 2(a Jef, Then. the, problem can be vw! len a8;
gsz yoru =
z'=F (04,2) z(a) ZL,
Now, equation @ an be sobsed bry using an mebhod fer 6
tnthal’ value abel et om ing
Spectfied erat junk soli KA web reaches ty
Solve the ordinan diflerendral equaction giver bene
using ch wmebhod. with Ruler's method. And calewlale bho
value. of yl) and, a) by vstng hz3,
ty 44 242x—3.x? JOzo yo.
Sadubion s- het sy
i then, 7
f " fey = 42x -Byr
| This gives 4% two frrsd onder. afferential eguslis:-
i dx ~+ ylol=0
i fe: YytFx~$2 — za(Q)=unbnoor
hed i
Oe HHO) - 5
3-0
Now , sel up the intial value problena a;
qa =2 ylod= o
ae 29g + 42x-8x* z(o)=0.
mes F(x yz) =z ;
So (oyya)= Fy F2 x Ba .
WH Now we sore His In @ Same 28 we did on example,
B. (Since, nno both queab,
proces ie e i Pecstens belle Stntlar,) I have
wpe ils orbled 3 we Lr Hoa
“Pag dla Ie Aah
Same bs % 41 =2y +f, (x9 a2)
th
Calculate Pirod vorxtmation
FBoustont! 20 Y 20 Ay20.
a te Get (or Yor bh = 044 (0)0,0)h =0
ep 25 As 25+ Fa(2oryp3%)-h = O+4, (0,00) -h=d
eatin? 423 y, -0° a, 205 files fom pou thea we tith Caynzadh = 0-44 (30,0) 20
Zy 22a FolGryayz,)sh 2 Ot $o (30s O42 2432
Dloalin3 1420, 2432
da 2 Yat fa (25 Ya za)-h = O+d (60/39) -h = 1096
C 2a 22o+hh (xanyyr%)h=0+F, (6,0,432)b =432
Cree
The gen value of Hug boundyy undifion 4a:4(9)=0.
Simee”, predicted. value fy (2) 48 vauch higher thon. achial velit
Gee ==
So, beh ug asewne thet 2( )2-10=
» Calculation, of second appresimation-
Tleration 1
%=0 . y=O , %=-10
hey th oy adh
= 0+ (0,0,-19h
2-30
242 +h Cor.2)h = 0+6(0,0,-W-4k =0.
tleration 2
M4=3 ) Y=-30, 2,=0
Yor Ythiluysr.% dh =0+4 (3-30,0)4 <0
20.2 Zt fo (Gir a)h = 04d, 6,30, Ok = 250
thratin 3
Paz 6, 20, %=252
da? eth (aiormah =0+8 (60,25D)h = 7565
Za aZqthe (22g D)h 204 $6; 0, 252)42 482
Yr = ,
one, fekckd wales yO 4s much Jighes then adual value.
Som we use Lear. Inberpolation on He preview guesses t
pecan guess a belts Gas APE
DK =-to- 456-0 F10-0)
gests E ®) saree
» ndalil! = —1O—4,
Madge’ = 20-1420
MS mao quess(g.) =-24.,
td Caleulaten, of Thd Approximation:
Boactin dt
=O 1,2 1 By=-24,
Gh tt (% YZ)
- Or heootadd e -
=-¥2 0-5-0 7
2 =the Cor ZA
= Ot$y(0)0,-24).h
hr ation a
Gad, 2-72 1220.
B=bth YZ
2 Of (3-72, 0) 4:
Zy> Zs +f (4 1y,.%)h
5 prt (3,-72,04
~ cheahons
= 6 i Y=0 .m=0
Tea = Yo; (X22) 4h
2 Ot fs (60, 0/h
4= Zaths Cory)
2 Ot ky, (60, 0A
= 432
Thus (920 and the piven value of his bourdsy condi +8 OF
Thus, Wwe (on use ad: appocamation to ae “ve dysoy
f
=> y@= “72. ard HO)=0 |
