CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Kavali Charan Saatvikh Reddy
student of class 12th has successfully completed their
chemistry project on the topic “Study Of Fertilizers”
under the guidance of Dr. B Nageshwar Rao Sir during
the year 2024-25 in partial fulfilment of chemistry
practical examination conducted by CBSE.
PRINCIPAL SUBJECT TEACHER
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
my teacher Dr. B Nageshwar Rao Sir who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the
topic “Study Of Fertilizers” which also helped me in
doing a lot of research. I came to know about so many
new things and I am really thankful to them. Secondly, I
would also like to thank my parents and friends who
helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the
limited time frame.
INDEX
S.no Contents Pg.no
1. Introduction 1
2. Classification 2
3. Comparison between 3
organic and inorganic
fertilizers
4. Uses of fertilizers 4
5. Advantages of 5
fertilizers
6. Disadvantages of 5-6
fertilizers
1. Introduction
STUDY OF FERTILIZERS...
The study of fertilizers is a critical field within
agricultural sciences that focuses on the use,
composition, and effects of fertilizers in enhancing soil
fertility and promoting plant growth. Fertilizers are
substances that supply essential nutrients to plants,
ensuring their healthy development and maximizing
crop yields. These nutrients, including macronutrients
like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as
micronutrients such as iron and zinc, are vital for plant
metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
2. Classification
Fertilizers are substances that provide essential nutrients
to plants, promoting healthy growth and high yields. They
can be classified into various types based on their origin,
nutrient content, release rate, and form of application.
CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS:-
Fertilizers can also be classified based on their source of
production: chemical (inorganic) fertilizers and
organic fertilizers.
a. Chemical (Inorganic) Fertilizers
These are synthetically manufactured and often provide nutrients in a
readily available form. They are typically highly concentrated and are fast-
acting.
Examples:
o Urea (for nitrogen)
o Superphosphate (for phosphorus)
o Potassium chloride (for potassium)
b. Organic Fertilizers
These fertilizers are derived from natural sources such as plant, animal, or
mineral products. They improve soil structure, enhance microbial activity,
and provide slow-release nutrients.
Examples:
o Compost
o Manure (cow, poultry, etc.)
o Bone meal
3. Comparison Between Organic And Inorganic
Fertilizers
Comparison:
Aspect Organic Fertilizers Inorganic Fertilizers
Natural (plant and Synthetic or mined
Source
animal-based) chemicals
Nutrient
Slow and long-term Quick and short-term
Release
Cheaper or free Expensive due to
Cost
(homemade options) production costs
Environmental Eco-friendly, improves May cause pollution
Impact soil structure and soil depletion
Nutrient Lower and less High and precise
Content specific nutrient content
4. Uses of Fertilizers
1. Enhancing Crop Yield: Fertilizers supply essential
nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium,
promoting healthy plant growth and boosting
productivity.
2. Improving Soil Fertility: Fertilizers replenish
nutrients in the soil, ensuring long-term agricultural
sustainability.
3. Encouraging Rapid Growth: Inorganic fertilizers are
used for immediate nutrient delivery, promoting quick
growth in plants.
4. Supporting Specific Plant Needs: Customized
fertilizers target specific crops or deficiencies in the
soil.
5. Gardening and Landscaping: Fertilizers are widely
used to maintain lawns, gardens, and ornamental
plants.
5. Advantages of Fertilizers
1. Increased Agricultural Productivity: Fertilizers
significantly enhance the yield of crops, meeting the
growing food demand.
2. Soil Enrichment: Organic fertilizers improve soil
texture and water retention while adding beneficial
microorganisms.
3. Faster Plant Growth: Inorganic fertilizers provide
nutrients immediately, accelerating plant growth.
4. Targeted Application: Nutrient-specific fertilizers
cater to different crops and soil deficiencies.
5. Economic Benefits: Higher productivity leads to
increased profits for farmers.
6. Disadvantages of Fertilizers
1. Environmental Pollution: Overuse of fertilizers can
lead to water pollution through runoff, causing
eutrophication in water bodies.
2. Soil Degradation: Excessive use of inorganic
fertilizers can deplete soil organic matter, reducing
soil fertility over time.
3. Health Risks: Chemical fertilizers may leave residues
on crops, posing health risks to consumers.
4. High Costs: Inorganic fertilizers can be expensive for
small-scale farmers.
5. Dependency: Continuous use of chemical fertilizers
may lead to dependency, requiring higher doses over
time for the same effect.
ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-25
CHEMISTRY PROJECT FILE
TOPIC: STUDY OF FERTILIZERS
NAME: KAVALI CHARAN SAATVIKH REDDY
CLASS: 12TH STALWARTS
ROLL NO: 15981
