Paper: XXII LL.B.

Semester -V Law of Crimes- II (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 )

Unit – I

Objects, Scope and extent of the Act, Definitions (Section 2),

Constitution of Criminal Courts and Offices (Sections 6-20), Powers of Courts (Sections 21-29),

Powers of superior officers of police and aid to the Magistrates and the Police (Sections 30-34).

Unit – II

Arrest of Persons (Sections 35- 62),

Processes to Compel Appearance (Section 63-93),

Process to compel the production of things (Section 94-110), Reciprocal arrangements for assistance in certain matters

and procedure for attachment and Forfeiture of property (Sections 111-124),

Security for keeping the peace and for good behavior (Sections 125-143) ,

Order for Maintenance of Wives, Children and Parents (Sections 144-147),

Maintenance of Public order and Tranquility (Sections 148-167),

Preventive Action of the Police (Sections 168-172),

Information to the Police and their Powers to Investigate (Sections 173-196),

Jurisdiction of the Criminal Courts in Inquiries and Trials (Sections 197-209).

Unit – III

Conditions requisite for initiation for proceedings (Sections 210-222),

Complaint to Magistrate (Sections 223-226),

Commencement of proceedings before Magistrates (Sections 227-233),

Limitations for taking Cognizance for certain offences (Sections 513-519),

Charge (Sections 234-247),

Types of Trial (Session, Warrant, Summon and Summary trial (Sections 248-288),

Plea bargaining (Sections 289-300),

Attendance of persons confined or detained in person (Sections 301-306),

Evidence in Inquiries and trials (Sections 307-336),

General Provisions as to Inquiries and trials (Sections 337-366).

Unit – IV

Judgment (Sections 392-406),

Submission of Death Sentences for Confirmation (Sections 407-412),

Appeals (Sections 413-435) , Reference and Revision (Sections 436-445),

Transfer of Criminal cases ( Sections 446-452),

Execution, Suspension, Remission and Commutation of Sentences (Sections 453-477),

Provision as to Bail and Bonds ( Sections 478-496),

Irregular proceedings (Sections 506-512),

Inherent powers of High Court (Section 528),

Salient features of the Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Act, 2015 with latest Amendment,

Salient features of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958.

 Paper XXI LL.B. Semester-V Law of Evidence (Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023)

Unit-I
Introduction and Interpretation Clause
Definition, Nature, Functions and Relationship of Law of Evidence with the substantive and procedural laws
Principles of rules of Best Evidence Evidence (Sec.2(1)(e),
Document (Sec.2(1)(d),
Proved (Sec.2(1)(j), Disproved (Sec.2(1)(c), Not proved(Sec.2(1)(i),
Relevant Facts{(Section 2(1) (k)} and Fact in Issue{(Section 2 (1)(g)}
May Presume{(Section 2(1)(h)}, Shall Presume{(Section 2(1)(l)} and Conclusive Proof{(Section 2(1)(b)}
Relevancy of Facts
Res Gestae (Section 4)
Occasion, Cause & Effect (Section 5)
Motive, Preparation, Conduct & Introductory Facts (Sections 6 & 7)
Relevancy of facts constituting Conspiracy (Section 8)
Alibi (Section 9)
Unit-II
Definition of Admission and Relevancy
Admission Defined & Persons who can make Admissions (Sections 15 -18)
Proof of Admissions against the Persons making them (Sections 19- 20)
Admissions in Civil cases (Section 21)
Definition of Confession and Relevance of Confessions, Dying declaration
Confession (Section 22) Confession to Police, Confession in the presence of Magistrate & Discovery Statement
(Section 23), Confession by Co-accused & Evidentiary value of Retracted Confession (Section 24)
Dying Declaration (Section 26)
Relevancy of Previous Judgements (Sections 34- 38)
Relevancy of Opinion of Experts (Sections 39- 45)
Relevancy of Character (Sections 46-50)
Unit-III
Documentary Evidence
Facts Which Need Not be Proved (Sections 51-53)
Oral and Documentary Evidence (Sections 54-77)
Exclusion of Oral by Documentary Evidence (Sections 94-99)
Production and Effect of Evidence
Burden of Proof (Sections 104-114)
Presumptions (116-120)
Estoppel (121-123)
Competence of Witnesses (Sections 124-127)
Privileged Communications (Sections 128 -137)
Accomplice as a Witness (Section 138)
Hostile Witness (Section 157)
Unit-IV
Examination of Witnesses
Types of Examinations (Section 142)
Leading Questions {(146 (1)(2)(3) & (4)}
Questions which can be asked during different type of Examinations (Section 168)
Impeaching the Credit of Witnesses (Section 158)
Refreshing Memory (Section162)
Improper Trial or Rejection of Evidence (Section 169)
Digital Signatures & Digital Certificates (Sections 61-66)
Recent Developments – Introduction to Electronic and Forensic Evidence
 LL.B. Semester–V Paper: XXIII Labour Law and Industrial Laws-I
Unit-I: Trade Union Act, 1926
Trade Unionism in India

Definition of trade union and trade dispute

Registration of trade unions

Mode of registration

Legal status of registered trade union

Powers and duties of Registrar

Cancellation and dissolution of trade union

Procedure for change of name

Amalgamation and dissolution of trade union

Disqualifications of office-bearers,

Right and duties of office-bearers and members

General and Political funds of trade union

Civil and Criminal Immunities of Registered trade unions

Recognition of trade union

Collective bargaining

Unit-II: The Industrial Dispute Act, 1947

Resolution of Industrial Dispute

Industrial dispute and individual dispute

Arena of interaction and Participants – Industry, workman and employer

Settlement of industrial dispute

Works Committee, Conciliation Machinery, Court of Enquiry, Voluntary Arbitration

Adjudication – Labour Court, Tribunal and National Tribunal settlement bodies and techniques

Powers of the appropriate Government under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947

Unfair Labour Practice

Unit-III: The Industrial Dispute Act, 1947

Instrument of Economic Coercion

Concept of Strike, Gherao, Bandh and Lock-out ,

Types of strike

Rights to strike and Lock-out

General Prohibition of strikes and lock-outs

Prohibition of strikes and lock-outs in public utility services

Illegal strikes and lock-outs

Justification of strikes and lock-pouts

Penalties for illegal strikes and Lock-outs

Wages for strikes and lock-outs

Unit-IV: Employee’s State Insurance Act, 1948

Historical Background Aims, Objects & Application

Definitions

Security Measures (Benefits Available)

Employment Injury

General Rules concerning benefits

Authorities under the Act

 LL.B. Semester– V Paper: XXIV (C) Human Rights Law and Practice

Unit-I: Introduction

Concept and nature of Human Rights,

History, Evolution and Growth of Human Rights,

Development of Human Rights in International Law,

Human Rights & U.N. Charter.

Unit-II: International Conventions

International Protection of Human Rights :

Universal Declaration on Human Rights,

International Covenant on Civil & Political Rights 1966,

International Covenant on Social, Cultural and Economic Rights 1966,

Regional Protection of Human Rights:

European Convention on Human Rights,

American Convention on Human Rights,

African Charter on Human and People‟s Rights,

Amnesty International.

Unit-III: Enforcement and Development of Human Rights in India

Enforcement of Human Rights,

Development of Human Rights in India,

Human Rights under the Indian Constitution and their Enforcement,

Fundamental Rights

Conventions against Torture, Inhuman and Degrading Behaviour,

Directive Principles of State Policies

Unit -IV: Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993

Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993: Characteristics features,

Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in India:

National Human Rights Commission,

State Human Rights Commission,

Human Rights Courts.

Human Rights during Armed Conflict,

Awareness and Education of Human Right .

 LL.B. Semester–VI Paper: XXVI Labour & Industrial Law–II

Unit-I: Minimum Wages Act, 1948

Concept of minimum wage, fair wage, living wage and need based minimum wage

Constitutional validity of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948

Procedure for fixation and revision of minimum wages

Fixation of minimum rates of wages by time rate or by piece rate

Procedure for hearing and deciding claims

Unit-II: Payment of Wages Act, 1936

Object, scope and application of the Act

Definition of wages

Responsibility for payment of wages

Fixation of wage period

Time of payment of wage

Deductions which may be made from wages : Maximum amount of deduction

Unit-III: Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923

Definition of dependent, workman, partial disablement and total disablement

Employer‟s liability for compensation

Employer‟s Liability when employee is employed under any contract or is engaged independently or by an independent

contractor

Amount of Compensation

Unit-IV: Factories Act, 1948 & Maternity Benefits Act, 1961

Concept of “factory”, “manufacturing process” “worker” and “occupier”

General duties of occupier

Measures to be taken in factories for health, safety and welfare of workers

Working hours for adults

Maternity Benefits Act: Aims and Objects & Application, Definitions, Restriction of work, Right to Payment, Forfeiture

of Maternity Benefits, Other Provision (Leaves etc.),

Authorities, Powers & Duties of Inspectors and Penalty

 LL.B. Semester–VI Paper: XXVII Environmental Law

Unit-I: Concepts of Environmental Protection

Environmental Protection & its Importance,

Global Warming and Depletion of Ozone Layer,

Constitutional Provision and Environment Protection in India,

Sustainable Development,

International Concern for Environment Protection and Role of Judiciary in India,

WTO and Environment Protection.

Unit-II: Environmental Legislations

Environmental Protection Act 1986

The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010

Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 2016

Unit-III: Air and Water Legislations

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974

Air (Protection and Control of Pollution) Act 1981

Unit-IV: Wildlife and Forest Legislations

Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972

Forest (Conservation) Act 1980

Indian Forest Act, 1927.

 LL.B. Semester–VIPaper: XXVIII Principles of Taxation

Unit-I: Introduction

Definitions.

Basis of Incomes- Charge of Income Tax,

Scope of Total Income,

Residential Status of an Assessee,

Income deemed to accrue or arise in India and Foreign Income & its taxability.

Unit-II: Incomes which do not form part of Total Income

Incomes not included in total income.

Special provision in respect of newly established industrial undertaking in free trade Zone.

Special provision in respect of newly established hundred percent export-oriented undertaking

Income from property held for charitable or religious purpose.

Income of trusts or Institutions from contributions.

Section 11 not to apply in certain cases.

Special provisions relating to incomes of Political parties.

Unit-III: Heads of Income

Salaries

Income from House Property

Profit and Gains of Business or Profession Capital Gains

Income from other sources.

Unit -IV: Tax Authorities

Powers and Procedures for adjudication & settlement,

Collection and recovery of Taxes

Appeal, Reference and Revision.

Constitutional framework for GST and Salient Features of Goods & Services Laws