Right Form Of Verb

Rules-01:
Avgiv Rvwb to e¨wZZ mKj Preposition Gi c‡i †Kvb verb em‡j Zv‡`i mv‡_ ing hy³ nq | ïaygvÎ to Gic‡i verb
Gi g~j form e‡m |

i. Abdullah fumed at have to waiting

ii.
Cor: -Abdullah fumed at having to wait.

iii. I am always after eat/ eating.

✓ Z‡e wb‡gœ c«`Ë Phrase ¸‡jvi c‡i to e‡m Ges G‡`i c‡i verb em‡j D³ verb Gi mwnZ ing hy³ nq |
Phrase ¸‡jv n‡jv :

With a view to With an eye to In addition to

Look forward to Be used to Get used to
Be habitual to Be accustomed to Be developed to
Be committed to Be tantamount to Be similar to
Impediment to Object to Approach to
Aversion to Resort to Equal to
Prior to Close to Obstacle to
Shortcut to Amount to Addicted to
Be similar to Be repugnant to Be averse to
Be conductive to Be opposed to Key to
Prefer to Alternative to Predict to
Setback to Take to Contribute to
dedicated to Be akin to Compared to
Barrier to Bottleneck to Drawback to
Confess to Bar to Devote to
Refer to Be given to Crucial to
Blockade to Adhere to

Ex- He is committed to give/giving up smoking.

Rules-02: Avgiv Rvwb Infinitive wZb cÖKvi: -

1. Simple Infinitive (to + v1)

2. Bare Infinitive (to Dn¨ _v‡K)
3. Perfect Infinitive (to have+ v3)

→ g‡b ivL‡eb- `yBwU Preposition Av‡Q hv‡`i c‡i Bare Infinitive e‡m|
 → But + Giv e¨wZZ A‡_© Preposition.
→ Except

Ex- We can do nothing but wait and see 41th BCS

→ g‡b ivL‡eb- Modal Auxiliary verb Gi c‡i g~jZ Bare Infinitive e‡m|
Avgiv mvaviYZ ewj bv- I can to do the work
Avgiv mvaviYZ ewj- I can do the workP

Perfect Infinitive:
AZxZ wb‡`k©K †Kvb wKQz ‡evSv‡Z Perfect Participle (to have +v3) e¨eüZ nq|
→ I am sorry to disturb you ( GLv‡b GL‡bv wei³ Kiv nqwb Z‡e wei³ Kivi Rb¨ D`¨Z n‡q‡Q)

→ I am sorry to have disturbed you (GLv‡b B‡Zvg‡a¨ wei³ Kiv n‡q †M‡Q)

Question: Sorry …………you last night.

a. to shout
b. to have shouted

Sorry ……you tomorrow.

a. to shout
b. to have shouted

Bare Infinitive:
✓ to mvaviYZ Dn¨ _v‡K|
✓ 9wU Verb = Make, Help, Let, See, Watch, Feel, Hear, Notice, Observe,
✓ GB bqwU Verb Gi c‡i Gi c‡i mvaviYZ Active Voice Gi Bare Infinitive e‡m|
✓ Let e¨wZZ evwK 8wU Verb Gi c‡i Passive Voice Gi Simple Infinitive e‡m|
✓ ïaygvÎ Let Gi c‡i Passive Voice G Bare Infinitive e‡m|

Active: I saw him go/to go

Passive: He was seen go /to go by me

Active: I watch the bird to fly /fly

Passive: The bird is watched to fly/ fly by me

Active: I feel my heart to beat/beat

Passive: My heart is felt to beat/beat by me.

Active: He let me to do/do the job

 Passive: I was let to do/do the job by him

Question: Let me love you -41th BCs

a. Finite Verb b. Non-Finite Verb

✓ Dc‡ii cÖ`Ë 9wU Verb Gi g‡a¨ wZbwU e¨wZZ (Make, Help, Let) evwK 6wU Verb Gi c‡i GKB mv‡_ Bare
Infinitive, Simple Infinitive Ges Present Participle _vK‡j Aek¨B DËi Ki‡Z n‡e- Present
Participle.
✓
✓ evwK wZbwU Verb Gi c‡i GKBmv‡_ Bare Infinitive, Simple Infinitive Ges Present Participle _vK‡j
Aek¨B DËi Ki‡Z Bare Infinitive. ‡Kbbv Giv n‡jv Causative Verb.
Ex-
I saw him to go/go/going

He helped me to get /get/getting the job

I feel my heart to beat/beat/beating

✓ Cannot but + v1
+ bv K‡i cvwi bv Ggb|
✓ Can not help + Ving

✓ Could not help+ Ving

+ bv K‡i cvwi wb Ggb|
✓ Could not but + v1

Avwg bv ‡n‡m cvwi bv Ggb|-

Avwg bv †`Lv K‡i cvwiwb Ggb|

Avwg Zv‡K bv _vwàwW‡q cvwi bv Ggb|

Avwg m¤úK© †kl bv K‡i cvwi wb Ggb|

❖ It is time/It is high time Gi e¨envi:

✓ It is time
G¸‡jv c‡i hw` KZ©v ev Sub _v‡K Zvn‡j G‡`i c‡i Verb Gi Past Form e‡m
✓ It is high time wKš‘ G‡`i c‡i hw` KZ©v ev Sub bv _v‡K Zvn‡j G‡`i c‡i- Simple
Infinitive(To+v1) e‡m|

✓ mvaviYZ †Kvb KvR Kivi mgq n‡q‡Q A‡_©- It is time e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-

‡Zvgvi GLb Ilya LvIqvi mgq n‡q‡Q- It is time you took your medicine.
It is time to take your medicine.
✓ wKš‘ c~‡e©B Kivi `iKvi wQ‡jv, hv Ki‡Z †`wi n‡q †M‡Q A_©vr hv Kivi GLbB Dchy³ mgq A‡_© - It is high time
e‡m| ‡hgb-
Zvi e` Af¨vm cwieZ©b Kivi GLbB Dchy³ mgq- It is high time he changed his bad habits
It is high time to change his bad habits
Ex:
1. It is time we…………..on the matter. -43th BCS
a. Acting b. to act
b. Acted d. act

Since Gi e¨envi:

✓ Present Indefinite/ Present Perfect Past Indefinite

+ Since +
✓ Past Indefinite Past Perfect

→I have hoped to meet you since I read your novel

→ Many years passed since I had met my friend.
→ I know him since I joined here as a Lecturer.

Ex: It is many years since………………

a. I meet you
b. I met you
c. I help you
d. I have meet you

As if/ As Though Gi e¨envi!

‡hb
✓ Present Indefinite Past Indefinite
+ As if +
As Though
Past Indefinite Past Perfect

✓ ‡m Ggb fv‡e K_v e‡j †hb †m mewKQz Rv‡b| = He talks as if he knew everything
✓ Zv‡K ‡`‡L Ggb jvMwQj/Ggb †`Lvw”Qj †hb †m mvivivZ Nygvqwb| = He looked as if he hadn’t slept all night
 ✓ Zv‡K †`‡L Ggb jvMwQj †hb †m †Kv‡bv Lvivc Lei †c‡qwQj|

✓ ‡m Ggb fve KiwQj †hb Avgvi mv‡_ Zvi KL‡bv mvÿvZ nqwb|

Feel Like Gi e¨envi!

✓ ‡Kv‡bv wKQz Ki‡Z B‡”Q Kiv A_ev Ki‡Z PvIqv A‡_© Feel Like e¨envi Kiv hvq| Feel Like Gi c‡i
Gerund e‡m|

Feel Like + Ving

✓ Avgvi Pv †L‡Z B”Qv Ki‡Q| - I feel like having a cup of tea.
✓ Avgvi nvU‡Z B‡”Q Ki‡Q -I feel like taking a walk.
✓ ‡Zvgv‡K Pov‡Z B”Qv Ki‡Q-I feel like slapping you

Ex You may go for a walk if you feel — it. -40th BCS

a. About
b. On
c. Like
d. for

Lest Gi e¨envi!
✓ Bnv GKwU QÙ‡ewk ‡b‡MwUf|
✓ Bnv hy³ evK¨wU n‡e g~jZ †b‡MwUf|
✓ Bnv Øviv g~jZ Complex Sentence MVb Kiv hvq|
✓ Bnvi A_© n‡jv- wc‡Q fq cvB A‡_©|
✓ Lest Gi c‡i Sub Ges Zvic‡i Should em‡e| (Option G Should bv _vK‡j might emv‡bv hv‡e)

Run fast lest you should miss the train.

 
Principal Clause Sub-ordinate Clause

Had Better / Would Rather Gi e¨envi:

Had Better: eis fv‡jv / DwPZ A‡_© had better e¨eüZ nq|
→ Had better + Verb Gi Base Form e‡m|
✓ KvD‡K Dc‡`k ev ûgwK w`‡Z had better e¨eüZ nq|

Instant Test:
1. You had better ……the place.
a. To leave b. leaving c. left d. leave
 2. Travellers………their reservations well in advance if they want to fly during the Eid.
(18th /32nd /38th BCS)
a. Had better to get
b. Had to get better
c. Had better get
d. Had better got

Would Rather:
✓ ‡Kvb wKQz Kiv eis fv‡jv A‡_© Would rather e¨eüZ nq|
✓ Would Rather + Verb Gi Base Form e‡m|

Would Rather Gi Av‡iv wKQz e¨envi:

✓ AZx‡Z †Kvb KvR Kiv eis fv‡jv †evSv‡Z- Would rather have + v3

Instant Test:
✓ I ………….to class yesterday than today.
a. Would to go
b. would rather go
c. would rather have gone
d. none

✓ Avevi `yBwU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ GKwU Kiv eis fv‡jv †evSv‡Z- Would rather--------than e¨eüZ nq|
✓ G‡ÿ‡Î e³e¨ n‡jv- G‡`i Df‡qi c‡i Verb Gi Base form e‡m Ges †h KvR‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡e †mwU
than Gi Av‡M em‡e|
Avwg eis bv †L‡q _vKe, ZeyI wfÿv Ki‡ev bv|- I would rather starve than beg.
Avwg fv½e Zey gPKv‡ev bv- I would rather break in twain than bend.

Should/ Ought Gi e¨envi:

✓ Kv‡ivI wKQz Kiv DwPZ ev DwPZ bq A‡_©:
Should/ought(not) + Verb Gi Base Form e‡m|
AwfÁZv jv‡fi Rb¨ †Zvgvi PvKwiUv †bIqv DwPZ| =
You should accept the job to cut your teeth on

Instant Test:
gvbwmK fv‡e fv‡jv _vKvi Rb¨ †Zvgvi GB m¤úK© †_‡K †ei n‡q Avmv DwPZ|

✓ KviI wKQz Kiv DwPZ wQj ev DwPZ wQj bv ev DwPZ nqwb A‡_©:
Ought (not) to have + V3
Should have + v3

‡Zvgvi KvRwU Kiv DwPZ wQj = You should have done the work.
 Instant Test:
‡Zvgvi Av‡iv K‡Vvifv‡e covïbv Kiv DwPZ wQj|

Conditional Sentence
Kinds of conditionals: Conditionals g~jZ Pvi cÖPvi :
✓ Zero Conditional
✓ First Conditional
✓ Second Conditional
✓ Third Conditional.

Zero Conditional:
✓ Af¨vmMZ Kg©, Universal Truth, Scientific Truth ‡evSv‡Z
✓ Structure: If + Present Indefinite, Present Indefinite Tense
✓ if you heat it to 1000 centigrade, Water boils

Instant Test:
If it is winter, it….cool.
a. felt
b. would feel
c. feels
d. will feel

✓ Avevi `yBwUB hw` Past Indefinite Tense nq Zv‡KI Zero Conditional ejv hv‡e| ( G‡ÿ‡Î `y‡Uv
Clause Gi welqB mZ¨ n‡q _v‡K)
✓ If + Past Indefinite, Past Indefinite
✓ If I asked her to come with us, she always said no.

First Conditional:
✓ If + Present Indefinite, Future Indefinite
If services are increased, taxes will probably go up.

Instant Test:
If a ruby is heated, it….temporarily lose its colour.
a. Would
b. Does
c. Has
d. Will
 ✓ If the price is low, the demand……….
a. is increased
b. will be increased
c. would be increased
d. will increase

✓ Second Conditional:
If + Past Indefinite Tense, Sub + would/could/might+ Verb Gi Base Form

Ex: If I ...... a mollionaire, I ..... help every worth cause.

a. be, should b. was, could
c. were, would d. on, may

N:B: Avgiv Rvwb-g~jZ If Øviv Conditional cÖKvk Kiv nq| wKš‘ hw` ev‡K¨i kyiæ‡Z Were e‡m Z‡e
Zv Past Conditional Gi g‡ZvB KvR Ki‡e Ges cieZ©x Structure ¸‡jv wVK _vK‡e|

✓ Were I a king, I would help the poor.

Instant Test:
✓ If your sister ......, she would come.
a. invited b. inviting
c. invites d. were invited
✓ If I were you, I ………the situation more carefully. 13th BCS
a. will handle b. may handle
c. would have handled d. would handle

N : B: Aev¯Íe Kíbv †evSv‡Z 2nd Conditional G mKj Person Gi mv‡_ be verb wnmv‡e Were e‡m|
If I …………a millionaire, I …….help every worth cause
a. Be, should b. was, could c. were, would d. on, may

✓ Third Conditional.
✓ If + Past Perfect Tense Sub+ would /could / might + have + V3
Ex:
This could have worked if I ......... been more far – sighted (`~i`k©x). -35th BCS
a. had b. might
 c. have d. would.

Instant Test :
He..………arrested if he had tried to leave the country. 26th BCS
a. would have b. could be
c. must be d. would have been

N: B: g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e If Gi cwie‡Z© hw` Had ev‡K¨i ïiæ‡Z e‡m, Ges Clause wU hw` Past
Perfect tense G _v‡K, Z‡e cieZ©x Clause wU Av‡Mi wbq‡gB n‡e|
✓ Had I been there, I would have met you.

Would that Gi e¨envi:

Sentence Gi ïiæ‡Z hw` Would that _v‡K Z‡e Sub Gi c‡i Could e‡m Ges Gi c‡i Verb
Gi Base Form e‡m|
Would that + Sub + Could +Verb Gi Base Form
Would that I could be a writer like Nazrul
Would that I could get back my first love

When/ While/As
Structure-01: Past Continuous, + When+ Past Indefinite
He was washing his car when I…….
a. was arriving b. is arriving c. arrived d. arrives

Structure-02: When + Past Continuous, Past Indefinite

When they ……the snake, I was afraid.
a. killed b. kills c. were killing d. was being killed

Structure-03: When + Past Indefinite, Past Continuous

When I saw him, he…………..down a tree.
a. cut b. is cutting c. was cut d. was cutting

Structure-04: Past Indefinite +When+ Past Continuous

Neela burnt her hand when she…………..
 a. cooks b. cooked c. cooking d. was cooking

Structure: Past Indefinite + While + Past Continuous

He fell down while he………..
a. walks b. is walking c. walking d. was walking

N:B: While Gi c‡iB ‡h me mgq Continuous _vK‡e GgbUv bq| Avgv‡`i wkÿv_©xiv Gme gyL¯Í
K‡i| While Gi c‡i Continuous QvovI evK¨ MVb Kiv hvq| While Gi c‡i Continuous
emvi kZ© n‡jv- Av‡M Ges c‡i `yBwU KvR mgmvgwqK mg‡q _vK‡j| Avmyb †evSvi †Póv Kwi-

Transformation of Sentence
Simple sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence
Simple Sentence G While Not only……but also
Besides _vK‡j
Besides giving advice, he While he gave advice,
helped us with money he helped us with money.

When/In Case
Future Indefinite Tense + + Present Indefinite Tense
Till/Until/As soon as

Instant test:
I will carry an umbrella in case it………
a. is raining c. have rained
b. rained d. rains

I will phone you when I ………the news

a. came by b. is coming by
b. come by d. none
Avevi AZxZ Kv‡j `yBwU KvR As soon as Øviv hy³ _vK‡j `yBwU KvRB-
Past Indefinite Tense G n‡e|

Past Indefinite Tense + as soon as + Past Indefinite Tense

Instant Test:
The boys ran out as soon as they ……….the bell.
a. hear b. was hearing
c. has heard d. heard

I opened the door as soon as I ……..the bell. – 24th BCS

a. have heard b. was hearing
c. am heard d. heard

Verb Gi Subjunctive Mood

wb‡gv³ k㸇jv Principal Clause
Gi g~j Verb n‡j:
Ask, advise, command, demand,
Desire, insist, Prefer, Propose, that hy³ Sub-ordinate Clause Gi
Request, suggest, Require, Urge Verb wU Base form n‡e(mKj Tense-G)

GQvovI Principal Clause-G wb‡gv³ Adj Negative sentence G Auxiliary verb

¸‡jv _vK‡j- e‡m bv, not GKv e‡m|
Important, Imperative, mandatory be verb wU hw` g~j verb nq Zvn‡j am, is
Necessary, Obligatory, Proposed, are, was, were e‡m bv (ïay be e‡m)
Recommended, Suggested, urgent cÖf‚wZ Modal Auxiliary Verb ‡K mvaviYZ Dn¨
ivLv nq

Question:
 The student went to the Principal and requested that the
examination……….postponed.
a. is b. be c. should be d. was

I suggest that she……..the head of the department.

a. meets b. meet c. met c. should meet

Who recommended that they…tired?

a. was b. be c. were d. had been

The doctor suggested that the patient ……weight.

a. should lose b. not lose
b. loss d. should not lose

Prefer Gi e¨envi:
Prefer Gi c‡i Infinitive & Gerund DfqB em‡Z cv‡i|
Structure-01: Prefer + Gerund (Ving)+ to + Gerund (Ving)
Structure-02: Prefer + Infinitive + rather than +Infinitive (Bare Infinitive)

Instant Test:
I prefer …………….
a. reading to write b. read to writing
c. read to write d. reading to writing

I prefer to die…………….
a. than to be punished c. rather than to punished
b. than be insulted d. rather than insulted
e. rather than be insulted
 Causative Verb

evsjvq cÖ‡hvRK wµqv|

‡Kvb Verb Gi KvRwU hLb wb‡R bv K‡i Obj Kwi‡q _v‡K ZLb †h Verb e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K
Causative Verb ev cÖ‡hvRK wµqv e‡j|
g~j e³e¨ n‡jv- KZ©v †Kvb KvR wb‡R bv K‡i hLb Ab¨‡K w`‡q Kivq G‡K ejv nq-Causative verb.

General Verb Causative Verb

Eat Feed
See Show
Remember Remind
Rise Raise
Fly Fly
Walk Walk
Grow Grow
Boil Boil
Know Inform
Sit Set
Fall Fell
Lie Lay

I eat rice
I feed him rice/nuddles

We know it
We inform him

I walk in the field = Avwg mKv‡j nvUvnvwU Kwi|

I walk the baby = Avwg ev”PvUv‡K nvUvq

Rice grows in Bangladesh

We grow rice in Bangladesh
‡h mKj Verb Gi mivmwi Causative verb cvIqv hvq bv ‡m‡ÿ‡Î,
Make, Help, Let, Get, Have -e¨envi K‡i Causative Kiv nq|

✓ Structure-01: Make/ Help/ Let + e¨w³/e¯‘ + Verb Gi Base Form.

✓ Structure-02: Get/Have+ e¯‘+ V3/Past Participle

✓ Structure-03: Have+ e¨w³ + V1/ Verb Gi Base Form.

✓ Structure-04: Get + e¨w³ + (to+ V1)

Instant Test
Avwg Zv‡K eySvq/ eySvjvg-

Zviv Avgv‡K nvmv‡jv|

Avwg Zv‡K KvRwU †c‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQjvg|

Zv‡K †mLv‡b GKv †h‡Z w`I bv| - Don’t let him to go/go there alone

Avwg MvwowU ayqvjvg

Avwg kvevbv‡K w`‡q Miæi gvsm ivbœv KivB/ Kwi‡qwQjvg/ Kive|

Avwg iægwU cwi®‹vi KivB/ Kwi‡qwQjvg/ Kive|

Avwg Kwig‡K w`‡q iægwU cwi®‹vi KivB/Kwi‡qwQjvg/ Kive|

Instant Test:
Avwg KvRwU †kl Kivjvg|
I made the work complete/completed
I helped the work complete/completed
I let the work complete/completed
I had the work complete/completed
I got the work complete/completed

Avwg Kwig‡K w`‡q KvRwU †kl Kivjvg|

I made Rahim complete/completed the work
I helped Rahim complete/completed the work
I let Rahim complete/completed the work
I had Rahim complete/completed the work
 I got Rahim complete/completed the work

wb‡P cÖ`Ë k㸇jvi c‡i mvaviYZ gerund Z_v Ving e‡m| kã ¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
Admit Anticipate Appreciate Avoid Complete
Consider Delay Dislike Discuss Defer
Deny Detest Dread Enjoy Excuse
Finish Fancy Forgive Imagine Keep
Involve Loathe Mean Mind Mention
Pardon Postpone Practice prevent Propose
Suggest Quit Recall Recollect Resist
Recommend Regret Risk Save
Stop Tolerate Understand Miss

Instant Test:

I don’t mind …….with the cooking but I am not going to wash the dishes. –(
24th BCS)

a. to help b. help c. helping d. for helping

wb‡P cÖ`Ë k㸇jvi c‡i mvaviYZ Infinitive Z_v to+v1 e‡m| kã ¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
Advise Allow Command Compel Enable
Encourage Forbid Force Implore Induce
Instruct Invite Oblige Order Permit
Persuade Remind Request Tell Want

Instant Test:
Choose the correct sentence: 16th BCS
a. I forbade him from going
b. I forbade him going
c. I forbade him to go
d. I forbade him not to go
He advised me…………….smoking. 25th BCS
a. giving up
b. to give up
c. in giving up
d. from giving up