MUHANGA DISTRICT

GROUPE SCOLAIRE St JOSEPH KABGAYI

B.P 37GITARAMA
E-mail :groupescolairestjoseph@[Link]
EXERCISES OF REVISION FOR S4MCB, PCB AND PCM.
1. Define: a) atomic number b) mass number c) isotopes
d) mass spectrum e) ionization energy f) Relative atomic mass
[Link] table below contains data relating to the relative isotopic abundance of the titanium
element

Isotope Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti

% abundance 8.02 7.31 73.81 5.54 5.32

a) Define the term “isotopic abundance’’

b) Using the data from the above table, Calculate the relative atomic mass of Ti.
3. (a) Describe the term “metallic bond’’ by giving an example
(b)Explain how the bonding and structure lead to the typical metallic properties of
electrical conductivity and malleability of some elements.
(c) Suggest the reason why aluminium is a better conductor of electricity than magnesium.
(Atomic number: Al=13, Mg =12)
4) (a) Describe “Hund’s rule” about the order of filling electrons in orbitals of the same sub-
energy level n an atom.
(b) Describe 2 postulates that were suggested by “Niels Bohr” on the concept of electron
energy levels in a hydrogen atom.
5) Boron and aluminium are elements of group IIIa.

(a) Draw a skecth diagrm of the struture of Al2Cl6 and that of BCl3 molecules.

(b) Explain the reason why BCl3 adopted this shape.

6. Explain the following observations in term of atomic or ionic dimension
a) The dimension of Mg2+ is less than that of Mg (Z=12)
b) The dimension of O2- is greater than that of O (Z=8)
7. Atomic number of manganese (Mn) is 25.
a) Write the electronic configuration of Manganese in term of s,p,d,….. notation.
b) In term of electronic configuration, explain which one among of Mn2+ and Mn3+ is more
stable

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8.a) What is meant by the term the first ionization energy?
b) Explain why the 3rd ionization energy of Mg is greater than the 2nd ionization energy of
Mg (Atomic number: Mg =12)

[Link] first three ionization energies for elements A, B, C, and D are given in the table
below

Element Ionization
energies
First Second Third
A
780 1500 7730
B
500 4560 6900
C
580 1815 4620
D
1310 3460 5300
a) State the element which is alkaline metal (GroupI). explain your answer.
b) State the element which is alkaline earth metal (GroupII) . explain your answer.
c)Which element is typically non-metal? Explain why.
d) Given elements: bromine and iodine and 1st IEs: 1008 and 1140 KJ/mol. Which
1st I.E correspond to each element? Explain.
e) Explain why 2nd IE is always greater than the 1st IE?
10. a) A mass spectrum of a sample of indium shows two peaks at m/z = 113 and m/z = 115.
The relative atomic mass of indium is 114.5. Calculate: The relative abundances of these two
isotopes.
The mass spectrum of the sample of magnesium contains three peaks with the mass-to-charge
rations and relative intensities shown below

m/z 24 25 26
relative intensities 1 0.127 0.139
(i) Explain why magnesium gives three peaks in mass spectrum
(ii) Use the information in the table above to calculate the accurate value for the relative
atomic mass of magnesium
11 Name any three scientists who made a contribution towards the structure of an atom. In
each case briefly describe their contribution.
12. An element X has the electronic configuration: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5.
a) What is the atomic number of X?
b) To which group of the periodic table does X belong?
c)To which period of the periodic table does X belong?
d)In terms of Mg and X write the formulae of the compound formed between Mg and X.
13. Find the wave length in cm, frequency and energy of the third line in the Lyman series.
(Rydberg’s constant = 1.097*107m-1)

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[Link] diagram below shows the main parts of a mass spectrometer.

(a) Describe the different steps involved in taking a mass spectrum of a sample.
(b) (i) Which two properties of the ions determine how much they are deflected by the magnetic
field? What effect does each of these properties have on the extent of deflection?
(ii) Of the three different ion streams in the diagram above, why is the ion stream C least
deflected?
(iii) What would you have to do to focus the ion stream C on the detector?
(c) Why is it important that there is a vacuum in the instrument?
15. a) Clearly explain the rules that govern electronic configuration, namely the Aufbau
Principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s rule
b) In terms of electronic structure, explain which of the ions Cu2+ and Cu+ is more stable.
(atomic number of Cu =29)
[Link] figure below shows the mass spectrum of a naturally occurring element X. the height of
the peaks and corresponding mass number are shown on the figure below:

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a) i. Why does X have four peaks?
ii. Calculate the average atomic mass of element X.
b) State three uses of a mass spectrometer.
17) The diagram below represents the spectrum of chlorine, consisting of five peaks, labeled I,
II, III, IV, and V respectively. Peak I is due to the 35Cl+ ion.

i)Define “mass spectrum”

ii)) What analytical technique would give a spectrum like that shown above?

iii) State why the spectrum of chlorine consists of more than two peaks

iv) Suggest what peaks II and IV might be due to

v) Using the spectrum above, find the isotopic composition of chlorine and justify your answer

18. Copy and complete the table below.

Molecule Shape of molecule Bond angle

PH3

SF6

CO2

NH3

H2S

SO2

AlCl3

IF5

CH3Cl

H2O

C2H4

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19. Atomic Structure Puzzle
Across
1. A charged atom is called an _______
4. Atoms with the same number of protons
and electrons but a different number of
neutrons
6. Neutral atoms have a ________ charge
8. I do not have a charge
9. If an electron is added to a neutral atom,
the atom becomes ________ charged
10. Number of protons plus neutrons
Down
1. Number of protons
3. I move around the nucleus
5. My charge is positive
7. I am in the center of the atom.
I contain protons and neutrons
20. One of the oxides of tantalum is
tantalum (V)oxide, Ta2O5. If the charge on
the metal
remained constant and then sulfur was substituted for oxygen,
a) How would the formula change?
b) Calculate the difference in the total number of protons between Ta2O5 and its sulfur
analog?
21. A binary ionic compound is known to contain a cation with 51 protons and 48 electrons.
The anion contains one-third the number of protons as the cation. The number of electrons in
the anion is equal to the number of protons plus 1. Suggest the formula of this compound and
the name of this compound?

22. The existence of isotopes in magnesium can be shown using a mass spectrometer. The
operation of mass spectrometer can be described in terms of five main stages. The first is
evaporation and the last is detection
a) After evaporation, the magnesium is then ionized. Outline how it is ionized
b) State the names, in the correct order, of the other two stages, and in each case state the
technique used
c) The relative abundances of the three isotopes of magnesium are as follows:
24Mg=78.6%, 25Mg=10.1%, 26Mg=11.3%
Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium using the values, giving your answer to
three decimal places

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23. The mass spectrum of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) contains 1 prominent peak for a “parent” ion
and other 4 peaks for “fragment” ions. (The figure of the mass spectrum of ethanol is shown
below

a) Write the formula of the parent ion

b) Write the formula of the fragment ions which correspond to each mass-to-charge ratio as

[Link] simplified mass spectrum of a compound with empirical formula C2H5 is shown below.
a) Explain which ions give rise to the peaks shown.
b) Deduce the molecular structure of the compound.

GOOD LUCK!!!!!!!

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