A.
Overview of Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes, the most common type of diabetes, is
a disease that occurs when your blood glucose (also
called blood sugar), is too high. Blood glucose is your
main source of energy and comes mainly from the food
you eat. Insulin (hormone made by the pancreas) helps
glucose get into your cells to be used for energy. In
type 2 diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough
insulin or doesn’t use insulin well. Too much glucose
then stays in your blood, and not enough reaches your
cells.
Symptoms
– Increased thirst and urination
– Increased hunger
– Feeling tired
– Blurred vision
– Numbness in the feet or hands
– Sores that do not heal
– Unexplained weight loss
Risk Factors
– Are overweight or have obesity
– Are age 35 or older
– Have a family history of diabetes
– Are African American, American Indian, Asian
American, Hispanic/Latino, or Pacific Islander
– Are not physically active
– Have prediabetes
– Have a history of gestational diabetes (diabetes
that develops during pregnancy, or gave birth to a
baby weighing 9 pounds or more)
B. Importance of Diabetic or Calorie Controlled Diet
(ADA)
A diabetic-controlled diet is effective for patient with
type 2 diabetes. This diet controls calories,
carbohydrates, protein, and fat intake in balanced
amounts to meet nutritional needs, control blood sugar
levels, and control weight. Here are some key points
that highlights the importance of the said diet:
• Blood Sugar Management: A well-planned diet helps
regulate blood glucose levels, preventing
hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and hypoglycemia
(low blood sugar). This is essential for overall health
and reducing the risk of diabetes complications.
• Weight Control: Many individuals with type 2 diabetes
are overweight. A controlled diet can facilitate weight
loss, which improves insulin sensitivity and helps
manage blood sugar levels.
• Nutrient Density: A diabetic diet focuses on nutrient-
dense foods that provide essential vitamins and
minerals while limiting processed sugars and unhealthy
fats. This contributes to better overall health.
• Heart Health: Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at
increased risk for cardiovascular disease. A hearty diet
rich in fiber and low in saturated fats can lower this
risk.
• Long-term Management: Consistent adherence to a
controlled diet can lead to improved glycemic control
and reduced risk of long-term complications, such as
neuropathy and retinopathy.
C. Selection of Appropriate Food
The glucose in your blood comes from certain foods
called carbohydrates, or “carbs.” Foods that are high in
carbs including candy and sweets, sodas, breads,
tortillas, and white rice, elevate your blood glucose
level. Here are some recommended foods for patients
with type 2 diabetes:
• Stir-Fry Vegetables: This dish is rich in non-starchy
vegetables, which are low in calories and
carbohydrates. The fiber helps to slow digestion and
stabilize blood sugar levels. Using lean proteins
provides satiety without excess fat.
• Greek Yogurt Parfait: Greek yogurt is high in protein
and low in sugar, while berries are rich in antioxidants
and fiber. This parfait can serve as a nutritious
breakfast or snack, promoting feelings of fullness and
aiding in blood sugar control.
• Overnight Oats: Oats are high in soluble fiber, which
can help lower cholesterol and stabilize blood sugar
levels. Chia seeds add healthy fats and additional fiber,
making this a filling and nutritious breakfast option.
D. Benefits of Stir-fry Vegetables
Stir-fry vegetables are beneficial for patients with type
2 diabetes. They are low in carbohydrates, which helps
keep blood sugar levels stable. The high fiber content in
vegetables aids digestion and slows down sugar
absorption, making it easier to manage glucose levels.
Here’s a detailed explanation of why each ingredient in
stir-fry vegetables (broccoli, bell peppers, zucchini,
carrots, chicken or tofu, and olive oil) — is
recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes:
1. Broccoli
• Nutritional Benefits: Low in calories and high in fiber,
broccoli supports digestive health and helps regulate
blood sugar levels.
• Antioxidants: It contains compounds like sulforaphane
that may improve insulin sensitivity and reduce
inflammation.
2. Bell Peppers
• Low Glycemic Index: Bell peppers have a low
glycemic index, which means they have a minimal
impact on blood sugar levels.
• Vitamins: Rich in vitamin C and other antioxidants,
bell peppers support immune function and overall
health.
3. Zucchini
• Low in Carbohydrates: Zucchini is low in calories and
carbohydrates, making it a good choice for managing
blood sugar.
• Hydration and Fiber: It has a high water content and
provides fiber, promoting fullness and aiding digestion.
4. Carrots
• Nutrient-Dense: Carrots are rich in beta-carotene,
which the body converts to vitamin A, essential for eye
health.
• Moderate Glycemic Impact: Although they contain
natural sugars, their fiber content helps moderate their
effect on blood sugar levels.
5. Chicken (Lean Protein)
• Satiety and Muscle Maintenance: Lean chicken is high
in protein, which promotes fullness and helps maintain
muscle mass without adding excessive fat.
• Low in Saturated Fat: Compared to red meats, chicken
is lower in saturated fats, beneficial for heart health—
important for those with diabetes.
6. Tofu (Plant-Based Protein)
• Nutritional Versatility: Tofu is a great source of plant-
based protein and is low in carbohydrates, making it an
excellent alternative for meat.
• Isoflavones: Contains isoflavones, which may have
beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and overall
metabolic health.
7. Olive Oil
Healthy Fats: Olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fats,
which can improve heart health by reducing bad
cholesterol levels.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties: It contains antioxidants
that help reduce inflammation, a common issue in
diabetes management
E.
As a nurse caring for patients with type 2 diabetes, I
would advise the following regarding nutrition and diet
for optimal recovery:
1. Balanced Diet: Emphasize a diet rich in whole foods,
including plenty of non-starchy vegetables, whole
grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
2. Carbohydrate Control: Encourage monitoring
carbohydrate intake and choosing complex
carbohydrates with a low glycemic index to help
manage blood sugar levels.
3. Regular Meal Timing: Suggest eating regular,
balanced meals and snacks to prevent blood sugar
fluctuations.
4. Portion Control: Advise on portion sizes to avoid
overeating and to maintain a healthy weight.
5. Limit Sugary Foods: Recommend reducing the intake
of sugary snacks, beverages, and processed foods that
can spike blood sugar.
6. Hydration: Encourage adequate hydration, primarily
through water, and limit sugary drinks.
7. Healthy Cooking Methods: Promote healthy cooking
methods, such as steaming, grilling, or stir-frying,
rather than frying.
8. Monitor Blood Sugar: Advise keeping track of blood
sugar levels to understand how different foods affect
them.
9. Consult a Dietitian: Suggest working with a
registered dietitian for personalized meal planning and
nutrition education.
Ito yung Activity namin…gagawa daw ng food proposal
