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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

1. Name the functional unit of testis. (Score 1) Vasa efferentia, urethral meatus, vas deferens,
 Answer: Seminiferous tubules common ejaculatory duct, urethra,
2. Observe the following figure. Rete testis, epididymis
 Answer
Rete testis → Vasa efferentia → epididymis → vas
deferens → common ejaculatory duct → urethra →
urethral meatus.
6. Name the following: (Score 2)
a. Collective secretion of male accessory glands.
b. Male external genitalia.
c. The enlarged end of the penis.
a. Identify the parts A, B, C and D. d. Loose covering of glans penis.
b. What is the significance (importance) of testis
 Answer
being in scrotum? (Score 2)
a. Seminal plasma b. Penis
 Answer c. Glans penis d. Foreskin
a. A. Seminal vesicle, B. Prostate, C. Testis 7. Seminiferous tubule is lined internally with two types
D. Epididymis of cells. (Score 2)
b. The low temperature (2-2.5° C less than the body a. Name the cells.
temperature) of scrotum helps for proper b. Mention their functions.
functioning of testes and for spermatogenesis.
 Answer
3. Observe the figure of male reproductive system.
a. Male germ cells (spermatogonia or sperm
mother cells) & Sertoli cells.
b. Male germ cells become sperms.
Sertoli cells give nutrition to the germ cells.
8. Which of the following cells are present in the regions
outside the seminiferous tubules (interstitial spaces)?
Spermatids, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, Granulosa cells
a. Identify the accessory glands. (Score 1)
b. Name their collective secretion and mention its  Answer: Leydig cells
function. (Score 2) 9. Leydig cells secrete testicular hormones called ……...
 Answer (Score 1)
a. Seminal vesicles, Prostate & Bulbourethral glands.  Answer: Androgens
b. Seminal plasma. It helps for maturation and 10. Choose the odd one from the following and write the
motility of sperms. common features of others. (Score 2)
4. Seminal plasma is the collective secretion of male a. Estrogen b. Androgen
accessory glands. (Score 2) c. Relaxin d. Progesterone
a. Name the three types of male accessory glands.
 Answer
b. What are major components of seminal plasma?
b. Androgen.
 Answer
Other hormones are produced only in female.
a. Prostate gland, seminal vesicles and 11. The seminal plasma along with the sperms constitute
bulbourethral glands. the …………... (Score 1)
b. Fructose, calcium and enzymes.
 Answer: Semen
5. Various regions of male accessory duct system
conduct sperms from testis. Arrange them in correct 12. Secretions of ……………… lubricate the penis. (Score 1)
sequence of sperm conduction. (Score 2)  Answer: Bulbourethral glands

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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

13. Odd man out. Justify your answer. (Score 2) a. Name them in the sequence of outer to inner.
a. Prostate, rete testis, vas deferens, hymen b. Which layer is glandular and vascular?
b. Infundibulum, clitoris, ampulla, isthmus  Answer
 Answer a. Perimetrium, Myometrium & Endometrium.
a. Hymen. It is the part of female reproductive b. Endometrium.
system. Others belong to male reproductive 19. Given below are some structures regarding
system. reproductive system. (Score 2)
b. Clitoris. It is the part of female external genitalia. Uterus, Mons pubis, labia majora, fimbriae, labia
Others are parts of fallopian tube. minora, Prostate, cervical canal, hymen, fallopian
14. Observe the diagram given below showing the tubes, clitoris, Ovarian stroma
sectional view of the female reproductive system and a. Select the parts of female external genitalia.
name the parts labelled 'A', 'B', 'C' & 'D'. (Score 2) b. There is a structure that is not the part of female
reproductive system. Pick out it.
 Answer
a. Mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen
& clitoris.
b. Prostate.
20. Match the column A with column B. (Score 2)
 Answer Column A Column B
1. Large, fleshy, fatty and hairy
A= Endometrium / Uterus (a) Mons pubis
outer folds of vagina.
B= Ovary
C= Isthmus of fallopian tube (b) Labia 2. A membrane which partially
D= Ampulla of fallopian tube majora covers the vaginal opening.
15. Name the following: (Score 2) (c) Labia 3. A cushion of fatty tissue
a. Finger like projections of oviduct that helps in minora covered by pubic hair.
collection of the ovum after ovulation. 4. Small, thin and hairless inner
(d) Hymen
b. The part of oviduct with a narrow lumen that folds of vagina.
joins the uterus.  Answer
c. Funnel shaped part of oviduct that is closer to the
Column A Column B
ovary.
A cushion of fatty tissue covered
 Answer (a) Mons pubis
by pubic hair.
a. Fimbriae b. Isthmus c. Infundibulum (b) Labia Large, fleshy, fatty and hairy
16. Cervical canal and vagina forms ……………… (Score 1) majora outer folds of vagina.
 Answer: Birth canal. (c) Labia Small, thin and hairless inner
17. Note the relationship between the first two terms and minora folds of vagina.
fill the fourth place. (Score 2) A membrane which partially
(d) Hymen
a. Male primary sex organ: Testes covers the vaginal opening.
Female primary sex organ: ………………… 21. The hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or
b. Seminiferous tubules: Sperm sexual experience. Do you agree? Justify.
Graafian follicles: ……………...  Answer
c. Leydig cells: testosterone
Yes. Hymen may be broken by a sudden fall or jolt,
Corpus luteum: ……………….
insertion of a vaginal tampon; active participation in
 Answer some sports items etc. In some women, hymen
a. Ovary persists after coitus.
b. Ovum 22. A highly sensitive female organ lying just in front of
c. Progesterone the urethral opening is called …………… (Score 1)
18. The uterine wall has 3 layers. (Score 2)
 Answer: Clitoris.
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23. The mammary glands are paired structures (breasts) Mammary tubules → mammary alveoli → lactiferous
that contain glandular tissue and variable amount of duct → mammary ampulla → mammary duct.
fat. Rearrange the following parts of mammary glands  Answer
in the correct sequence of milk conduction: (Score 2) Mammary alveoli → Mammary tubules → mammary
duct → mammary ampulla → lactiferous duct.

GAMETOGENESIS
24. Complete the flowchart showing spermatogenesis by a. Identify A and B.
filling A and B and answer the questions. b. What is the function of C?
A → Primary spermatocyte → Secondary c. In which of the marked part reduction division
spermatocytes → B → Spermatozoa takes place? What is the significance of it?
a. What is the chromosome number of primary  Answer
spermatocytes? a. A – sperm B – Spermatogonium
b. What is the significance of reduction division in b. C (Sertoli cells) provides nutrition to germ cells.
spermatogenesis? (Score 2) c. D (Primary spermatocyte). Reduction division leads
 Answer to formation of haploid gametes.
A – Spermatogonia B – Spermatids 27. Match the following: (Score 3)
(A) 46 A B C
(B) It produces haploid (23 chromosomes) sperms. Formation
Spermatogenesis Follicle cells
of ovum
25. Prepare a flowchart explaining the process of
Sperm head
spermatogenesis/ oogenesis. (Score 3) embedded Starts from
Spermiogenesis
 Answer in Sertoli spermatogonia
Spermatogenesis cells
Formation Differentiation
Spermiation
of sperms of sperms
Release of
sperms to
Spermatids
Oogenesis lumen of
to sperms
seminiferous
tubules
 Answer
A B C
Formation Starts from
Oogenesis Spermatogenesis
of sperms spermatogonia
Spermatids Differentiation
Spermiogenesis
to sperms of sperms
Release of
Sperm head
sperms to
embedded
Spermiation lumen of
in Sertoli
seminiferous
cells
tubules
Formation
Oogenesis Follicle cells
of ovum
28. The following statements compare the process of
26. Observe the diagram: (Score 3) oogenesis & spermatogenesis. Which one is not true?
(A) Production of ovum ceases at certain ages, but
sperm production continues even in old men.
(B) Oogenesis begins in the embryonic stages, but
spermatogenesis starts at the onset of puberty.
(C) Meiotic arrest occurs both in oogenesis and
spermatogenesis.
(D) Polar bodies are formed in oogenesis. (Score 1)
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 Answer c. It is due to meiosis (reduction division) of

primary spermatocyte or primary oocyte.
(C) Meiotic arrest occurs both in oogenesis and
31. Distinguish between spermiogenesis & spermiation.
spermatogenesis.
(D) The number of primary spermatocytes and primary  Answer
oocytes are 200 and 50 respectively. What will be the During spermatogenesis, the spermatids are
number of sperms and ova formed? (Score 2) transformed into spermatozoa (sperms). It is called
 Answer spermiogenesis.
After spermiogenesis, sperm heads are embedded in
1 primary spermatocyte can produce 4 sperms.
Sertoli cells to get nourishment. Then the matured
Therefore, No. of sperms produced from 200 primary
sperms are released from the seminiferous tubules. It
spermatocytes = 200 x 4 = 800 sperms.
is called spermiation.
1 primary oocyte can produce only 1 ovum.
32. Explain the role of various hormones in the process of
Therefore, No. of ova produced from 50 primary
Spermatogenesis.
oocytes = 50 x 1 = 50 ova.
29. The diagram represents a process of gametogenesis.  Answer
Closely observe it and answer the following. Hypothalamus releases Gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH).
GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to
secrete 2 gonadotropins called Luteinizing hormone
(LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
a. Is it spermatogenesis or oogenesis? LH acts on the Leydig cells and stimulates secretion
b. What the smaller shaded circle represents? of androgens. Androgens stimulate spermatogenesis.
c. Write down two significances of production of FSH acts on the Sertoli cells and stimulates secretion
the same. (Score 2) of some factors for spermiogenesis.
33. Identify the figure and label the parts marked as (A),
 Answer
(B) and (C): (Score 2)
a. Oogenesis.
b. Polar bodies.
c. It helps to produce single ovum only. It also helps
to retain more cytoplasm in ovum.
30. Schematic representation of gametogenesis is given
below. (Score 3)
a. Identify A & B.
b. Write any two differences between A & B.
c. Why the gametes are produced haploid even
though the gamete mother cells are diploid?

 Answer
The figure is structure of sperm.
(A) Acrosome
(B) Middle piece
 Answer (C) Tail
34. Note the relationship between first two words and fill
a. A – Spermatogenesis B – Oogenesis
up the fourth place. (Score 1)
b. Spermatogenesis Oogenesis
a. Formation of sperms: Spermatogenesis
• One primary • One primary oocyte
Formation of eggs: ……………….
spermatocyte produces only one
b. Spermatogenesis: Seminiferous tubules
produces 4 ovum.
Oogenesis: ……………….
sperms. • Polar bodies are
 Answer
• No polar bodies. formed.
a. Oogenesis b. Ovarian follicles
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35. Complete the following sentences: (Score 2) layer forms an inner theca interna and an outer theca
a. Oogenesis is initiated in embryonic stage when 2 externa.
million ………………. are formed in each ovary. The tertiary follicle further changes into the mature
b. Oogonia multiply to form primary oocytes. They follicle called Graafian follicle.
enter ………………. of the meiosis and get 38. The primary oocyte in tertiary follicle grows and
temporarily arrested at that stage. undergoes first unequal meiotic division to form a
c. Each primary oocyte gets surrounded by a layer of large secondary oocyte and a tiny first ……………….
granulosa cells to form ……………….  Answer: Polar body
d. The tertiary follicle further changes into the 39. When a primary oocyte develops into a secondary
mature follicle called ………………. oocyte, it is surrounded by a new membrane called
 Answer ………………. (Score 1)
a. Egg mother cells (oogonia)  Answer: Zona Pellucida
b. Prophase-I 40. Graafian follicle ruptures to release the secondary
c. Primary follicle oocyte (ovum) from the ovary. This is called
d. Graafian follicle ………………. (Score 1)
36. At the time of birth, there would be 1 to 2 million of
 Answer: Ovulation
primary follicles in each ovary. But at puberty, only
41. Compare Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis. / Distinguish
60,000-80,000 primary follicles are left in each ovary.
between spermatogenesis and oogenesis. (Score 3)
Give reason. (Score 2)
 Answer  Answer
Many primary follicles degenerate during the phase Spermatogenesis Oogenesis
from birth to puberty. Therefore, at puberty, only Occurs in testis. Occurs in ovary.
60,000-80,000 primary follicles are left in each ovary. Elaborated growth
Limited growth phase.
37. Briefly explain the development of a primary follicle phase
into mature follicle. (Score 3) A primary spermatocyte A primary oocyte gives
 Answer gives 4 sperms. one ovum.
No polar bodies. Polar bodies are formed.
Primary follicles get surrounded by more layers of
Begins at embryonic
granulosa cells and a new theca to form secondary
Begins at puberty and stage but suspends up to
follicles. extends up to senility. puberty. It ceases
The secondary follicles transform into a tertiary around the age of fifty.
follicle. It has a fluid filled cavity (antrum). The theca

MENSTRUAL CYCLE
42. Observe the diagram provided. (Score 3) b. 14th day.
c. LH surge that leads to ovulation.
d. Corpus luteum. It secretes progesterone.
43. A human ovum is released on the 14th day of
menstrual cycle. (Score 2)
a) What happens to the ovum if it is fertilized by a
a. Label A & B. (1) sperm?
b. On which day of menstrual cycle Graafian follicle b) Where does the fertilization occur?
rupture? (½)  Answer
c. Name the process induces the rupture of Graafian a) During fertilization, secondary oocyte undergoes
follicle. (½) second meiotic division to form an ovum (ootid)
d. Write the name and function of the structure and a second polar body. The haploid nuclei of the
forming inside the ovary after the rupture of sperm and ovum fuse together to form a diploid
Graafian follicle. (1) zygote.
 Answer b) Ampullary region of fallopian tube.
a. A – Primary follicle B – Tertiary follicle
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44. The graph given shows the ovarian events and ovarian 46. The graph below shows the levels of LH and FSH at
hormone levels during menstrual cycle. (Score 2) various stages of menstrual cycle. (Score 3)

a. Name the source of LH and FSH. (1)

b. The level of LH is maximum during the middle
day of the cycle. Mention its effects. (1)
c. Note the function of LH in males. (1)
a. Name hormones A and B.
 Answer
b. Write the ovarian events during luteal phase.
a. Pituitary
 Answer
b. Rupture of Graafian follicle and ovulation.
a. A= Progesterone B= Estrogen
c. Stimulates production of androgens (testosterone).
b. Ruptured Graafian follicle is transformed to a
47. The graph given below shows the levels of ovarian
yellow endocrine mass called Corpus luteum. It
hormones in a normally menstruating woman during
secretes progesterone. If fertilization does not
follicular phase. (Score 3)
occur, corpus luteum degenerates. It causes
disintegration of endometrium. It leads to next
menstruation and new cycle.
45. Observe the given graphical representation of
menstrual cycle.
a. Name a & b. (1)
b. Mention the role of pituitary hormones in
maintaining this condition. (1)
c. Reconstruct the graph for luteal phase. (1)
 Answer
a. (a) – estrogen (b) – progesterone
a. By considering a pregnant lady, redraw the graph. b. FSH: For development of ovarian follicles
b. Compare the hormonal differences between a LH: For rupture of Graafian follicle & ovulation
normal woman and pregnant woman. c. Luteal phase (15-28th day) graph:
 Answer
a. Estrogen & Progesterone level in pregnant lady:

48. Note the relationship between the first two terms and
fill the fourth place. (Scores: 2)
a. First menstruation: Menarche
b. Non-pregnant woman: Main hormones are Stopping of menstrual cycle: …………...….
estrogen & progesterone. b. Follicular phase: 5-13th day
Pregnant woman: Levels of estrogen & Ovulatory phase: …………………
progesterone increase significantly.  Answer
Additionally, pregnancy introduces new a. Menopause
hormones such as hCG, hPL, Prolactin, Relaxin & b. 14th day
Oxytocin. 49. LH and FSH are two gonadotrophins. Distinguish their
roles in males and females. (Scores: 2)

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 Answer • FSH stimulates development of primary follicles to

In males: Graafian follicles and secretion of oestrogens by
• LH acts on the Leydig cells and stimulates secretion Graafian follicles.
of androgens. 50. What are the functions of progesterone? (Score: 2)
• FSH acts on the Sertoli cells and stimulates  Answer
secretion of some factors for spermiogenesis. Progesterone helps to maintain the endometrium for
In females: implantation and other events of pregnancy.
• LH induces rupture of Graafian follicle and thereby
ovulation.

FERTILIZATION AND IMPLANTATION

51. Observe the diagram given. Label A to D. (Scores: 2) is responsible for male child and the sperm with X
chromosome is responsible for female child. i.e., sex
of a child is determined by sperm, not ovum.
Sperm (X) + Ovum (X) → Zygote (XX) → female child
Sperm (Y) + Ovum (X) → Zygote (XY) → male child
55. a) Mention the role of acrosome in fertilization.
b) Although many sperms approach an egg, only one
sperm can enter inside it. Give reason. (Score: 2)
 Answer
a. The secretions of the acrosome help sperm to
enter the egg cytoplasm via zona pellucida &
 Answer
plasma membrane.
A= Sperm B= Cells of Corona radiata
b. A sperm contacts with zona pellucida of egg. It
C= Perivitelline space D= Zona pellucida
induces changes in the membrane that block entry
52. The process of fusion of a sperm with ovum is called
of additional sperms.
…………. (Scores: 2)
56. Select the correct sequence: (Score: 1)
 Answer: Fertilization
a) Zygote → blastocyst → morula → cleavage → foetus
53. Give reason: b) Zygote → cleavage → morula → blastocyst → foetus
a) Ovulation does not take place during gestation c) Zygote → morula → cleavage → blastocyst → foetus
period. d) Zygote → morula → blastocyst → cleavage → foetus
b) All copulations do not lead to fertilization &
 Answer
pregnancy.
b) Zygote → cleavage → morula → blastocyst → foetus
 Answer
57. Match the column A with column B: (Score: 2)
a. During the gestation period, the hormones such
as progesterone suppress the release of A B
additional eggs. a. Insemination 1) Mitotic division of zygote
b. Fertilization happens only if ovum & sperms are b. Fertilization 2) Release of semen into vagina
transported simultaneously. c. Implantation 3) Ampullary region
54. “Though one ovum is produced from a primary oocyte d. Cleavage 4) Uterine endometrium
it can result into a male or female child after  Answer
fertilization. But in the case of spermatocytes, though
4 sperms are produced, only two of them can result a. Insemination 2) Release of semen into vagina
into a female child after fertilization.” Justify. (Score 2) b. Fertilization 3) Ampullary region
c. Implantation 4) Uterine endometrium
 Answer
d. Cleavage 1) Mitotic division of zygote
X & Y chromosomes are responsible for the sex of a
baby. 58. Name the following: (Score: 3)
Ovum contains only X chromosomes. There are 2 a. Mitotic division of zygote.
types of sperms- one with X chromosome and other b. Cells formed by mitotic division of zygote.
with Y chromosome. The sperm with Y chromosome c. The embryo with 8-16 blastomeres.
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d. Two types of cells found in the blastocyst. d. Name the structure and process (h).
e. The embedment of blastocyst in the endometrium.  Answer
 Answer a. Fertilization
a. Cleavage b. Blastomeres
b. Blastomeres c. (e) Morula (8-celled) (f) Morula (16 celled)
c. Morula d. Structure: Blastocyst. Process: Implantation
d. Cells of trophoblast and cells of inner cell mass 61. What happens to inner cell mass of blastocyst
e. Implantation immediately after implantation?
59. Morula continues to divide and transforms into ………  Answer
 Answer: Blastocyst The inner cell mass gets differentiated to 3 germ
60. The given diagram shows transport of ovum, layers (outer ectoderm, middle mesoderm & inner
fertilisation and passage of growing embryo through endoderm). These layers give rise to all tissues
fallopian tube. (Score: 3) (organs) in adults.
62. Given below is the diagrammatic representation of
human blastocyst. Observe the diagram and answer
the following questions. (Score: 2)

a. Identify A & B.
b. Write the functions of A & B.
 Answer
a. A – Inner cell mass B – Trophoblast
b. Inner cell mass becomes embryo.
a. Name the process (b). The trophoblast gives nourishment to inner cell
b. Name the cells in (c) and (d). mass. Also, it gets attached to endometrium.
c. Name the structures (e) and (f).

PREGNANCY AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

63. Placenta makes the intimacy between mother and 64. When the urine sample of a lady is tested, presence
foetus. (Score:3) of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is detected.
a) What is placenta? a. What does the presence of HCG indicate?
b) In what ways it makes intimacy with foetus? b. Which is the source of HCG?
c) Name the portions of foetal and maternal parts of c. Mention any two functions of that source.
placenta.  Answer
d) It can act as an endocrine gland. Justify. a. She is pregnant.
 Answer b. Placenta.
a. It is a structural and functional unit between c. Supply O2, nutrients etc. from mother to foetus.
embryo (foetus) and maternal body. Remove CO2 and excretory wastes from foetus.
b. Placenta makes intimacy with the foetus through 65. Note the relationship between first two terms and
the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste suggest a suitable term for the fourth place. (Score:1)
products. Progesterone: Corpus luteum HCG: …………
c. Foetal part: Chorionic villi.  Answer: Placenta
Maternal part: Uterine tissue. 66. Complete the following sentences: (Score:1)
d. It secretes Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a. After implantation, finger-like projections appear
human placental lactogen (hPL), oestrogens, on the trophoblast called ………………. which are
progesterone & relaxin. surrounded by uterine tissue and maternal blood.
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b. Placenta is connected to the embryo by ………………  Answer

 Answer A= Placental villi
a. Chorionic villi b. Umbilical cord B= Cavity of uterus
67. (a) Name any four hormones that are increased in C= Yolk sac
maternal blood during pregnancy. (Score:3) D= Embryo
(b) Mention the importance of those hormones. E= Plug of mucus in cervix
 Answer F= Umbilical cord
(a) hCG, hPL, Estrogens, progestogens, cortisol, 69. Briefly explain the changes occurring in embryo
prolactin, thyroxin etc. during pregnancy. (Score:3)
(b) They support fetal growth, metabolic changes in  Answer
the mother and maintain pregnancy. • After one month: Heart is formed.
68. The human foetus within the uterus is represented • End of second month: Limbs and digits are
below. Label A to F: (Score:3) developed.
• End of 12 weeks (first trimester): Major organs
(limbs, external genital organs etc.) are well
developed.
• During 5th month: First movement of foetus and
appearance of hair on the head.
• End of 24 weeks (end of 2nd trimester): Body is
covered with fine hair; eyelids separate and eye
lashes form.

PARTURITION AND LACTATION

70. The process of delivery of the foetus (childbirth) is 72. The mammary glands produce milk towards the end
called …………. (Score: 1) of pregnancy. It is called …………. (Score: 1)
 Answer: Parturition  Answer: Lactation
71. Parturition is induced by neuroendocrine mechanism 73. Mother’s milk is considered essential for new born
that involves foetal ejection reflex and hormonal infants. (Score: 2)
secretion. (Score: 2) a. Name the yellowish fluid secreted by mother
a. What is foetal ejection reflex? from breast during the initial days of lactation.
b. Name the hormone released due to this and b. What type of immunity it provides?
mention its role in parturition.  Answer:
 Answer: a. Colostrum
a. The signals originating from the foetus and b. Passive immunity by IgA antibodies.
placenta induce mild uterine contractions. It is 74. Feeding in the first few days is essential for preventing
called foetal ejection reflex. infections in a newly born baby. Why? (Score: 1)
b. Oxytocin. It causes stronger uterine muscle  Answer:
contractions which in turn stimulate further The yellowish milk produced during the initial few
secretion of oxytocin. This results in expulsion of days of lactation is called colostrum. It is rich in
the baby out of the uterus through birth canal. antibodies. It helps to develop immunity in infants.

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