FUNDAMENTALS

OF LIGHTING:
MODULE 7
CODES,
STANDARDS AND
PRACTICE

Illuminating Engineering Society

www.ies.org

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 1

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: AIA APPROVED

The IES is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of

Architects Continuing Education System. Credit earned on
completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA
HSW-LU approved courses.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for HSW continuing

professional education. As such, it does not include content that
may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by
the IES or AIA of any material or product.

Partial attendance will not be eligible for the IES CEU certificate of
completion. Individuals are responsible for their respective
credential maintenance reporting requirements.

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-2

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 2

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: GBCI APPROVED

The IES is a Registered Provider of GBCI Approved Courses for

Continuing Education.

This program is registered with GBCI for continuing professional

education. As such, it does not include content that may be
deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement of GBCI
of any materials or product.

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-3

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 3

 FUNDAMENTALS OF LIGHTING

• Module 1: Introduction to Light and Lighting

• Module 2: Electric Light Sources
• Module 3: Daylighting
• Module 4: Luminaires
• Module 5: Controls
• Module 6: Photometry and Calculations
• Module 7: Codes, Standards, and Design Process
• Module 8: Lighting for Interior Applications
• Module 9: Lighting for Exterior Applications
• Module 10: Review
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IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 4

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Participants will be able to:

• Identify North American codes and standards that affect lighting.

• Describe typical lighting-related provisions of energy and building codes.

• Analyze basic energy management strategies.

• Compare basic economic metrics for assessing lighting investments.

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-5

Module 7 covers the Codes and Standards that pertain lighting systems regarding safety and energy
usage, and the Economics of lighting systems.
Participants will become familiar with some of the more prominent trends in energy usage codes, the
standards that are emerging with regards to energy consumption, and see how code compliance, energy
usage and costs interact

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 5

 INTRODUCTION

• Introduction

• Electrical and Building Codes

• Energy Codes

• Aspirational Standards

• Lighting Standards

• Economics

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-6

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 6

 design part

DESIGN PROCESS OVERVIEW

Post-
Schematic Design Construction Bidding Construction
Programming Occupancy
Design Development Documents Negotiation Administration
Evaluation

Gather relevant Create lighting Detail the chosen Fully document Evaluate bidders, Review submittals Assess installed
information about concepts for lighting concept the design in bids, and and RFI; project; modify
owner’s approval by owner in preliminary drawings, submissions; manage change aiming and controls
requirements and documents, specifications, Consider proposed orders; punch list; commissioning
constraints including luminaires schedules, and alternates aim luminaires;
and controls compliance supervise
submissions commissioning

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-7

Regardless of the planning strategy employed on a project, a lighting design process that parallels and
complements the building design process will make the most of lighting and of the architectural
resources involved.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 7

 CODES AND STANDARDS IN THE DESIGN PROCESS

Post-
Schematic Design Construction Bidding Construction
Programming Occupancy
Design Development Documents Negotiation Administration
Evaluation

Building codes
Energy, NEC, etc.
Lighting standards
IES RPs.
Aspirational standards
LEED, WELL, etc.
www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-8

Lighting must address a variety of prescribed components including codes, safety standards, ordinances,
federal mandates, and certification programs that affect lighting.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 8

 GOALS AND VALUES

Human Well-
being

Visual Energy
Performance conservation

Compliance
Performance
Preservation
of the natural
Cost Safety
environment

Mitigation of Historic
climate preservation
change
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Numerous design goals must be balanced when lighting any space. Each project must simultaneously
meet code, regulatory and financial requirements.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 9

 CODES AND STANDARDS

Codes are laws that govern behaviors and are enacted by legislatures
• Codes may be enacted by Federal, State/Provincial, or Municipal
governments
• Regulations are rules promulgated by executive bodies
• The Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) interprets and enforces codes
• The AHJ varies with the code (eg, energy vs. electrical vs. fire)

MUST

MUST NOT

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Standards are “the recommended way to do things”, and refer to best practices as determined by a body
of experts working under the auspices of a standards setting organization (like IES) that then publish
them.
Codes are laws, regulations, ordinances. These are set by various levels of government.
Having provided those definitions, the two meanings can become blurred because state laws will often
wholly incorporate standards, making them codes, and standards setting organizations are aware of this.
But a standard is not a code until so adopted.
It should be reinforced that to know which codes affect a project, jurisdiction is key: the location where
the project is located will determine the jurisdiction.

It is the case that sometimes codes will conflict even within a jurisdiction-- the team members on a
project being affected by those conflicts needs to determine how those conflicts might be best resolved,
and work with the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).

A representative of the AHJ can help with the version of a standard that is in force as code, and can help
resolve conflicts when provisions in those codes seem to conflict.

The AHJ will also send out any inspectors that codes may require.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 10

 CODES AND STANDARDS

Standards are consensus “guidelines” often developed by affected bodies

• Standards often form the basis for codes but may be modified in the code
• The NEC is a standard, not a code (until enacted into law)
• The IECC is a standard, not a code (until enacted into law)

SHOULD

SHOULD NOT

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It is important that participants recognize that codes and standards are in constant evolution. The best
source many of these standards, particularly sustainability standards, are their websites.
Standards are “the recommended way to do things”, and refer to best practices as determined by a body
of experts working under the auspices of a standards setting organization (like IES) that then publish
them.
However, state laws will often wholly incorporate standards, making them codes, and standards setting
organizations are aware of this. But a standard is not a code until so adopted.
It should be reinforced that to know which codes affect a project, jurisdiction is key: the location where
the project is located will determine the jurisdiction.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 11

 CODES: IT TAKES A PROFESSIONAL

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Overlapping codes and codes which vary by state or region can add significant complexity to the design
process. It takes a professional engineering and architecture team to evaluate a design, and accomplish
a project that is code-compliant.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 12

 ELECTRICAL AND BUILDING CODES

• Introduction
• Electrical and Building Codes

• Energy Codes

• Aspirational Standards

• Lighting Standards

• Economics

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-13

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 13

 ELECTRICAL TERMS

• Ampere
• Capacitance
• Circuit
• Ohm
• Panel
• Red tag
• Volt
• Watt

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Review these key electrical terms, which are critical for comprehension of many electrical and building
codes.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 14

 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE

• NEC is Standard (NFPA 70) developed by

the National Fire Protection Association
• Adopted by states (typically within a state building code)
• States may – and do – modify the NEC
• Municipalities may adopt codes more stringent than state code
• Federal buildings are governed by Federal law
• NEC covers both interior and exterior electrical installation
• NEC is an installation standard, not a product safety
standard 410 – Luminaires, Lampholders, and Lamps
411 – Lighting Systems Operating ≧ 30 Volts
500-510 – Hazardous (Classified) Locations
604 – Manufactured Wiring Systems
700 – Emergency Systems
www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-15

The National Electric Code is updated periodically.

People who need to know this code are equipment manufacturers (particularly wiring devices and
luminaire manufacturers), electrical contractors, and of course, building inspectors.

This code has its roots in fire prevention through ensuring safe wiring and is a vitally important code with
particular sections pertaining to lighting as noted here.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 15

 KEY PROVISIONS OF THE NEC

• Circuits
• Capacity determined by protective device
• Maximum circuit loading to 80% of capacity
• Separation of line and low voltage conductors
• Accessible connections for conductors

• Luminaires
• Supported from structure
• Consistent with NEC (UL/ETL listed)
• Suitable for installed location

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-16

National Electric Code

Administered by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) since 1911

Covers the installation of electrical equipment both indoors and outdoors

Valid in all 50 States

Applicable sections pertaining to lighting equipment

410 – Luminaires, Lampholders, and Lamps

411 – Lighting Systems Operating at 30 Volts or Less

500-510 – Hazardous (Classified) Locations

604 – Manufactured Wiring Systems

700 – Emergency Systems

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 16

 ELECTRICAL TESTING LABORATORIES
Only US
NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED TESTING LABORATORIES (NRTL)

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORY (UL)

• Founded in 1894 as a not-for-profit organization
• Establishes product requirements for the prevention of
hazards to life and property
• UL Listed Products :
• UL Recognized Components:
• Mostly harmonized with Canada

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 Canada + US FOL 7-17

We reviewed these labels in Module 4, in “Luminaire Listings”

Where the NEC addresses installation safety, UL addresses product safety.
UL is typically concerned with protecting people and property from hazardous conditions due to improper
product design.
Some of the areas of concern include electrical insulation, access to high voltages, thermal
considerations, and potential for electric shock.
UL is based in the U.S. and may be adopted in other countries.
UL standards are adapted to the electrical conditions in those countries.
In addition, most equipment is built for multi-national markets and is marked with multiple symbols from
other standards organizations.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 17

 ELECTRICAL TESTING LABORATORIES

NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED TESTING LABORATORIES (NRTL)

INTERTEK (previously ETL)

• Founded in 1896
• Tests to same standards as UL

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-18

Accepted throughout the U.S. and Canada.

Thomas Alva Edison founded Electrical Testing Labs (TEL) in 1896.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 18

 CANADIAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATION

CANADIAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATION (CSA)

• Not-for-profit, membership-based organization
• In some respects, similar to UL
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE (NBC)
• Prepared by the Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes
• Technical requirements for the design and construction of new buildings and
for major renovation
NATIONAL FIRE CODE OF CANADA (NFC)
• Both NBC and NFC used constructing, renovating, or maintaining buildings

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-19

Canada has several standards and codes organizations that are unique to Canada.

In some respects these are more comprehensive than their US counterparts.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 19

 EMERGENCY LIGHTING

• Standard NFPA 101 covers lighting for:

• Path of Egress (normal conditions)
• Emergency Path of Egress (when power is interrupted)
• Paths of Egress must be marked by code-compliant exit
signs
• Emergency Path of Egress may be illuminated in several
ways:
• Independently powered luminaires (generator or central battery)
• Dedicated, battery-powered emergency luminaires
• Battery-powered general purpose luminaires
• Uniformity on Emergency Path
• Initial: ≥ 1 FC average and ≥ 0.1 FC min. Max:min  40:1
• Maintained illuminance ≥ initial

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-20

NFPA 101 governs life safety code.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 20

 ENERGY CODES

• Introduction

• Electrical and Building Codes

• Energy Codes

• Aspirational Standards

• Lighting Standards

• Economics

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-21

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 21

 ENERGY CODES AND STANDARDS

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
• Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION CODE (IECC)
• STATE ENERGY CODES (For example, CA Title 24)
• NOM – Norma Oficial Mexicana
• NRCan – Natural Resources Canada
• 3-year update cycle
www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-22

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1 is one of the more important codes having to do with energy-saving standards
for buildings in the context of electric lighting and with systems that can interact with electric lighting.

In the United States, IECC is also one of the more important international energy conservation
standards, being widely adopted.

Provisions in the two are often identical or nearly so, but the standard and version adopted by the AHJ
will be that which is enforced.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 22

 CODE ADOPTION

https://www.energycodes.gov/adoption/states 17 states follow IECC

Ontario specific codes are estimated to be roughly equivalent to NECB 2017

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-23

Adoption of the ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1 Standard by state, giving the year of the Standard that is used
in each jurisdiction.
States showing no state-specific energy policy are governed by the federal one.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 23

 STANDARD 90.1-2019 SCOPE

Lighting Requirements Apply:

• Interior spaces of buildings
• Any exterior lighting provided through the building’s electrical service
Lighting Requirements DO NOT Apply To:
• Any emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building
operation
• Lighting within any ‘dwelling units’ [other codes do apply to residences]
• Lighting that is specifically required by a health or life safety statue,
ordinance and/or regulation
• Gas lighting systems that are decorative
www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-24

Here we see the scope of the lighting section and …

=======================================
… what is not included.

NOTE: a dwelling unit is “a single unit providing complete independent

living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent
provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation.”

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 24

 90.1 OVERVIEW

Mandatory Provisions
Lighting controls
Exterior Power Allowance
Exit signs
Documentation and commissioning

ILPA ECB
(Interior Lighting Power Allowance) (Energy Cost Budget)

Building Area
(Building Area Method) (Space-by-Space Method)

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-25

Overview of ASHRAE 90.1 Mandatory Provisions and calculation methods

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 25

 MANDATORY INTERIOR CONTROLS

• Automatic shut off

• Occupancy sensor
• Clock
• Signal from other system
• Exterior
• Local control
• Vacancy/occupancy in most spaces
• Daylight-responsive controls
• Windows and skylights
• Primary and secondary zones

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-26

Table shows how controls vary by space, note only that REQ means required. ADD indicates an option.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 26

 BUILDING AREA METHOD FOR ILPA

• Determine building type

• Use Table to find LPD by type
• Determine total building area
• Multiply LPD x Area = ILPA
• Add total luminaire watts
• Follow rules for determining
• OK if total watts  ILPA
• CAD simplifies calculations

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-27

Overview of ASHRAE 90.1 Building Area Method

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 27

 SPACE-BY-SPACE METHOD FOR ILPA
ITAP!
• Determine space types
• Use Table to find LPD by type
• Determine area of each space
• LPD x Area = LPA for each area
• Add LPAs to reach ILPA
• Add total luminaire watts
• Follow rules for determining
• Adjust for allowances
• OK if total watts  ILPA
Allowances:
Retail display (by type of merchandise)
Lighting for Art
www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023
Controls beyond code
FOL 7-28

Overview of ASHRAE 90.1 Space-By-Space Method

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 28

 ENERGY COST BUDGET METHOD

• Determine building type DOE-2.2

Process Flow
• Simulate total energy cost using approved model
• Lighting
• HVAC
• Building envelope
• Comply with mandatory requirements
• Specify efficient equipment ≥ model
• OK if model results  Baseline

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-29

Overview of ASHRAE 90.1 Energy Cost Budget Method

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 29

 90.1 OVERVIEW

Some jurisdictions offer a choice

of standards
• IECC and 90.1 address HVAC
and lighting differently Mandatory Provisions
• Must stick with one, not pick-and-
choose

ILPA ECB
Includes impact of controls
and system interaction
Typical for major projects

Area
Building
More complicated, but more
Fast and simple, ideal for developer
“generous”

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-30

Overview of ASHRAE 90.1 Mandatory Provisions and calculation methods: pros and cons

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 30

 ASPIRATIONAL STANDARDS

• Introduction

• Electrical and Building Codes

• Energy Codes

• Aspirational Standards

• Lighting Standards

• Economics

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-31

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 31

 ASPIRATIONAL STANDARDS: MOTIVATIONS

• Intrinsic value
• Brand value
• Real estate value

LIVING
PRODUCT
CHALLENGE

LIVING
BUILDING
CHALLENGE

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-32

A variety of rating systems address the need for sustainability goals, stipulating measures which can be
categorized, scored, and rated. LEED®, which is one of the best known rating systems in North America,
established a language for most other rating systems.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 32

 ENERGY BEYOND CODE MINIMUM

• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

• Voluntary program to recognize “beyond code minimum” design
• Several standards to address different applications
• Grades based on earning points for satisfying the design requirements and
options
• Lighting is a (small) component of the LEED Standard
• Lower LPD than code
• Daylight and views
• Controls
• Quality (color, glare control)
• NO LEED luminaires!
www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-33

Sustainable lighting design strategies and specifications can play an important supporting role for
projects seeking LEED certification. Several points in the LEED system pertain directly to lighting design,
including goals for minimizing outdoor light pollution, reducing energy use, and optimizing daylighting, as
well as commissioning and enhanced metering.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 33

 WELLNESS

• WELL Building Standard (WELL)

• Voluntary program to recognize “beyond code minimum” design
• Grades based on earning points for satisfying the requirements and options
• Performance verification
• Lighting is a component of the WELL Standard
• Daylight and views
• Glare control
• Controls
• Lighting for circadian impact

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-34

Lighting is also a component of the WELL program.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 34

 LIVING BUILDINGS

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-35

In addition, the Cascadia Green Building Council, which covers Oregon, Washington, British Columbia,
and Alaska, and the International Living Future Institute (an environmental non-governmental
organization committed to catalyzing a global transformation toward true sustainability), has developed
the Living Building Challenge, which extends the concept to buildings and has further restrictions related
to the avoidance of twelve red-listed materials that cannot be used, including mercury.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 35

 HEALTHIER PRODUCTS

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-36

Declare labels are an increasingly widespread program for manufacturers to voluntarily report product
ingredient information.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 36

 LIGHTING STANDARDS

• Introduction

• Electrical and Building Codes

• Energy Codes

• Aspirational Standards

• Lighting Standards

• Economics

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-37

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 37

 STANDARD OF CARE

With key exceptions (e.g. emergency),

most lighting standards are not
incorporated in building codes
(laws).

But they may be invoked in case of

disputes, especially in claims of
negligence in professional practice.

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-38

While standards are “the recommended way to do things” and are not written as requirements, they may
be adopted by state or local law – and may be invoked in case of legal disputes.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 38

 WHO WRITES LIGHTING STANDARDS?

• Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)

• Commission Internationale d’Eclairage (CIE)
• International Dark Sky Association (IDA)
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
• National Electrical Manufactures Association (NEMA)
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• Government…

DOE EPA FTC DOT CPSC

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-39

This slide contains a selected summary of various lighting standards developers.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 39

 IES STANDARDS

Collections in the Lighting Library

• Lighting Applications
• Lighting Practice
• Measurements and Testing
• Lighting Science
• Roadway and Parking Lighting

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-40

With nearly 50 technical committees comprised of over 1,000 volunteer subject matter experts, the IES
provides stability and predictability to the lighting market for the benefit of the industry and the public
through its standards development initiatives as an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Accredited Standards Developer. All content within the Library has been vetted and approved by an
ANSI-approved IES consensus process, with most of the nearly 100 standards having attained American
National Standards status. The Lighting Science Collection is free to all IES members.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 40

 LIGHTING PRACTICE
BSR/IES LM-83-22 Approved Method: Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE)
ANSI/IES LP-1-20 Lighting Practice: Designing Quality Lighting for People and Buildings
ANSI/IES LP-2-20 Lighting Practice: Designing Quality Lighting for People in Outdoor Environments
ANSI/IES LP-3-30 Lighting Practice: Designing and Specifying Daylighting for Buildings
ANSI/IES LP-4-20 Lighting Practice: Electric Light Sources – Properties, Selection and Specification
ANSI/IES LP-6-20 Lighting Practice: Lighting Control Systems – Properties, Selection and Specification
ANSI/IES LP-7-20 Lighting Practice: The Lighting Design and Construction Process
ANSI/IES LP-8-20 Lighting Practice: The Commissioning Process Applied to Lighting and Control Systems
ANSI/IES LP-9-20 Lighting Practice: Upgrading Lighting Systems in Commercial and Industrial Facilities
ANSI/IES LP-10-20 Lighting Practice: Sustainable Lighting – An Introduction to the Environmental Impacts of Lighting
ANSI/IES LP-11-20 Lighting Practice: Environmental Considerations for Outdoor Lighting
ANSI/IES RP-31-20 Recommended Practice: Economic Analysis of Lighting
ANSI/IES/NALMCO RP-36-20 Recommended Practice: Lighting Maintenance NALMCO: National Association of Lighting Maintenance Contractors
ANSI/IES RP-42-20 Recommended Practice: Dimming and Control Method Designations
ANSI/IES LM-63-19 Approved Method: Standard File Format for the Electronic Transfer of Photometric Data and Related Information
ANSI/IES LM-83-20 Approved Method: Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE)
ANSI/IES TM-15-20 Luminaire Classification System for Outdoor Luminaires
ANSI/IES TM-25-20 Technical Memorandum: Ray File Format for the Description of the Emission Properties of Light Sources
ANSI/IES TM-27-20 Technical Memorandum: IES Standard Format for the Electronic Transfer of Spectral Data
ANSI/IES TM-32-19 Lighting Practice: Building Information Management
ANSI/IES TM-33-18 Standard File Format for the Electronic Transfer of Luminaire Optical Data
IES TM-34-19 Lighting Practice: Calculation Procedures and Specification Criteria for Lighting Calculations
www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-41

The practice of lighting design and illuminating engineering are detailed in this collection, providing basic
design principles for indoor and outdoor environments, descriptions light sources, luminaires, and control
systems, and providing design and engineering guidance for lighting upgrades, lighting system
commissioning, lighting economics, lighting maintenance and other aspects involved with the design,
installation, and construction of lighting systems.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 41

 LIGHTING APPLICATIONS
IES G-1-22 Guide for Security Lighting for People, Property, and Critical Infrastructure
ANSI/IES RP-1-22 Recommended Practice: Lighting Offices Spaces
ANSI/IES RP-2-20 Recommended Practice: Lighting Retail Spaces
ANSI/IES RP-3-20 Recommended Practice: Lighting Educational Facilities
ANSI/IES RP-4-20 Recommended Practice: Lighting Library Spaces
ANSI/IES RP-6-22 Recommended Practice: Lighting Sports and Recreational Areas
ANSI/IES RP-7-20 Recommended Practice: Lighting Industrial Facilities
ANSI/IES RP-8-22 Recommended Practice for Design and Maintenance of Roadway and Parking Facility Lighting Separate collection
ANSI/IES RP-9-20 Recommended Practice: Lighting Hospitality Spaces
ANSI/IES RP-10-20 Recommended Practice: Lighting Common Applications
ANSI/IES/ALA RP-11-20 Lighting for Interior and Exterior Residential Environments ALA: American Lighting Association
ANSI/IES RP-28-20 Recommended Practice: Lighting and the Visual Environment for Older Adults and the Visually Impaired
ANSI/IES RP-29-22 Recommended Practice: Lighting Hospital and Healthcare Facilities
ANSI/IES RP-30-20 Recommended Practice: Lighting Museums
ANSI/IES RP-37-22 Recommended Practice: Lighting Airport Outdoor Environments
ANSI/IES/AVIXA RP-38-22 Lighting Performance for Small to Medium Sized Videoconference Rooms AVIXA: Audiovisual and Integrated Experience Association
ANSI/IES RP-39-19 Recommended Practice for Off-Roadway Sign Luminance
ANSI/IES RP-40-19 Recommended Practice: Lighting Port Terminals
ANSI/IES RP-41-20 Recommended Practice: Lighting Theaters and Worship Spaces
ANSI/IES RP-43-22 Recommended Practice: Lighting Exterior Applications
ANSI/IES TM-24-20 An Optional Method for Adjusting the Recommended Illuminance for Visually Demanding Tasks Based on Spectrum
www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-42

How do I design a lighting system for a (fill in the blank)? This collection has detailed design criteria for
commercial, residential, industrial, museum, sports, healthcare and many other applications. Each
standard also includes detailed recommended illuminance criteria, laid out in clear and concise tables, all
designed to guide you to design a quality lighting installation.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 42

 IES RECOMMENDED PRACTICES

• Guidance and inspiration

• Not prescriptive
• Context and challenges
• Design Criteria
RP-29-22
• Design recommendations CONTENT SUMMARY

• ANSI Standards Introduction

Comfort
• Standard of Care Function
Safety
Health & Wellness
Sustainability
General areas
Specific areas
www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-43

IES Recommended Practice documents are consensus-driven ‘best practice’ standards.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 43

 ILLUMINANCE SELECTOR

https://www.ies.org/lighting-library/interactive-illuminance-selector-user-guide/
https://www.ies.org/lighting-library/the-interactive-illuminance-selector/
www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-44

A variety of recommended illuminance metrics are provided in the IES illuminance tables, including
horizontal & vertical illuminance ranges, uniformity ratios, and a variety of other metrics depending upon
the task selected.

The IES Illuminance Selector is a new search tool that allows you to quickly and easily find the
Recommended Maintained Illuminance Target values for all of the IES standards and is available
through subscriptions to the Applications Collection of The Lighting LibraryTM.
Selecting an application opens the tables, and tailored search filters enable you to quickly complete your
search.
You can save and recall your searches, and print your customized report as record documentation for
yourself and your clients.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 44

 LIGHTING MEASUREMENT & TESTING (SELECTED)
ANSI/IES LM-20-20 Approved Method: Photometry of Reflector Type Lamps
ANSI/IES LM-37-20 Approved Method: Guide for Determination of Average Luminance (Calculated) for Indoor Luminaires
ANSI/IES LM-79-19 Approved Method: Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid State Lighting Products
ANSI/IES LM-80-21 Approved Method: Measuring Luminous Flux and Color Maintenance of LED Packages, Arrays and Modules
ANSI/IES LM-81-20 Approved Method: Photometric Testing of Skylights and Tubular Daylighting Devices Under Hemispheric Sky Conditions
ANSI/IES LM-82-20 Approved Method: Characterization of LED . . . for Electrical and Photometric Properties as a Function of Temperature
ANSI/IES LM-84-20 Approved Method: Measuring Luminous Flux and Color Maintenance of LED Lamps, Light Engines, and Luminaire
ANSI/IES LM-85-20 Approved Method: Electrical and Photometric Measurements of High-Power LEDs
ANSI/IES LM-86-20 Approved Method: Measuring Luminous Flux and Color Maintenance of Remote Phosphor Components
ANSI/IES LM-88-18 Approved Method: Optical and Electrical Measurements of AC-LED Packages and Arrays or Modules
ANSI/IES/IUVA LM-92-22 Approved Method: Electrical and Optical Measurements of Ultraviolet LEDs
ANSI/IES/IUVA LM-93-22 Approved Method: Optical and Electrical Measurements of Far UV-C Excimer Sources
ANSI/IES TM-21-21 Technical Memorandum: Projecting Long Term Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources (+ Addendum)
ANSI/IES TM-26-20 Technical Memorandum: Projecting Catastrophic Failure Rate of LED Packages
ANSI/IES TM-28-20 Technical Memorandum: Projecting Long-Term Luminous Flux Maintenance of LED Lamps and Luminaires
ANSI/IES TM-31-20 Technical Memorandum: Measurement Uncertainty for Lighting Equipment Calibration Using Integrating Spheres
ANSI/IES TM-35-19 Technical Memorandum: Projecting Long-Term Chromaticity Coordinate Shift of LED Packages, Arrays, and Modules

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-45

This collection establishes the testing and measurement standards for light sources and luminaires, with
the goal of providing a reliable and consistent system for designing and calculating and measuring the
quantitative effect of illumination systems. Photometric, color and color maintenance, life testing, and
thermal testing and measurement standards are all included in this Collection.

The concepts we talked about in Module 6 can be achieved by LM-79 and LM-80 in a photometric lab.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 45

 *International DarkSky Association (IDA) Standard
- Exterior luminaire should be maxium 3000K
- 0 uplight (BX - U0 - GX)

LIGHTING SCIENCE (SELECTED)

ANSI/IES LS-1-22 Lighting Science: Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering
ANSI/IES LS-2-20 Lighting Science: Concepts and Language of Lighting
ANSI/IES LS-3-30 Lighting Science: Physical and Optics of Radiant Power
ANSI/IES LS-4-20 Lighting Science: Measurement of Light – The Science of Photometry
ANSI/IES LS-5-21 Lighting Science: Color
ANSI/IES LS-6-20 Lighting Science: Calculation of Light and Its Effect
ANSI/IES LS-7-20 Lighting Science: Vision – Eye and Brain
ANSI/IES LS-8-20 Lighting Science: Vision – Perceptions and Performance
ANSI/IES RP-27-20 Recommended Practice: Photobiological Safety for Lighting Systems
BSR/IES RP-27.1-22 Recommended Practice: UV Germicidal Irradiation Risk Group Classifications
IES TM-18-18 An Overview of the Impact of Optical Radiation on Visual, Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Responses
ANSI/IES TM-30-20 IES Method for Evaluating Light Source Color Rendition

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-46

Every engineering discipline requires a solid scientific foundation. This collection of standards includes
the language and physics of lighting, vision and visual performance, color science, color appearance and
rendition, photometry, non-visual effects of lighting, photobiology, lighting calculations and more.

The Lighting Science collection is now included free with every IES membership.
We talked about IES TM-30 in Module 1 and 6.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 46

 LOCAL STANDARDS

• Lighting standards for government buildings

• Federal (civilian and military)
• State
• Local
• Lighting standards for institutions
• Healthcare
• Education
• Lighting standards for commercial buildings
• Restaurants
• Stores
• Multi-location
• Single building

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-47

Jurisdiction is key: the location where the project is located will determine the jurisdiction.

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 47

 ECONOMICS

• Introduction

• Electrical and Building Codes

• Energy Codes

• Aspirational Standards

• Lighting Standards

• Economics

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-48

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 48

 LIGHTING COSTS AND BENEFITS

How do you know that lighting benefits exceed the cost?

Costs Benefits

Design
Equipment Economic (Productivity)
Installation Safety and Security
Energy Social
Maintenance Aesthetic
Well-being

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-49

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 49

 LIFE CYCLE COSTING

Initial Cost
• Design
• Equipment (material)
Comparing
• Installation (labor) Systems

Operating Cost
Include all costs
• Energy Equal Performance
• Maintenance (material + labor) Same life-cycle

The Life Cycle

• One year?
• The equipment?
• The building?

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-50

Factors used in determining total system cost:

Initial equipment cost

Installation cost (including labor and material)

Energy cost over the life of the system

Maintenance cost over the life of the system (mainly cleaning and lamp and ballast
replacement)

HVAC system impact (lower energy use by lighting saves on cooling, but adds to
heating costs)

Present and estimated future interest rates

Tax rates over time

Inflation rates over time

Estimated life of the lighting system

Salvage value at end of life

Recycling costs

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 ESTIMATING LIGHTING COSTS

• Design (Input watts ) x (# luminaires) x (hours of operation ) x (electricity rate )

• Estimated hours x rate
• % of contract
• Equipment
• Quantity x price how-to
• $/sf
• Installation Estimate using common conditions
• Hours x rate + materials + overhead Detail by specific luminaire and hours
• $/sf Electricity rate includes:
• Energy Consumption ($/kwh)
• WxHxR Demand ($/kw)
• Maintenance Various Charges
• Equipment life
• Dirt depreciation
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Approximately what percentage of a typical lighting project is related to the equipment cost itself?

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 51

 ESTIMATING LIGHTING BENEFITS

General
$$$
Benefits

Absentee rates
Brand value
Aesthetic Crime rates
Economic/productivity Engagement
Safety and security Errors
Social and Well-being Injuries/deaths (Safety)
Quantitative performance
Tourism

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How do you place a dollar value on these benefits? What role can Recommended Practice standards
play in communicating this value to clients? We know that lighting benefits exceed the costs, but it takes
effort to run the numbers

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 52

 RETURN ON INVESTMENT AND PAYBACK PERIOD

Return on Investment (ROI) Investment:

• Annual benefit ÷ cost new lighting system
$100,000
• Expressed as %
• Typical for financial investments Benefit: Energy savings
• Implies an endless stream of benefits $25,000 annually

Simple Payback period ROI: $25,000 = 25%

• Cost ÷ annual benefit $100,000
• Expressed in time (years or months)
Payback: $100,000 = 4 years
• Typical for lighting retrofits (and other
$25,000
equipment)
• No consideration after payback
www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-53

What benefits might be included with any quality lighting design beyond simple energy savings?

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 53

 PRESENT VALUE AND THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY

• If you lent $100 today, how much would you want to be repaid in two
years?
• That’s the time value of money, or interest.
• You are going to receive $100 in two years, what is it worth right now?
• That’s its present value.
• You discount future payments by the interest rate to determine
present value.
• The higher the interest rate, the lower the present value of future
payments.
• Net Present Value (NPV) = Present Value of benefits – Present Value
of costs
• NPV is used by electric utilities to analyze investments and incentives

www.ies.org | © Illuminating Engineering Society, 2023 FOL 7-54

The value of money doesn’t stay the same. The value of spending $100K on a project now, might be as
valuable as spending $125K 5 years from now. Anyone considering a retrofit should consider the current
value of their money (Net Present Value).

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 54

 FUNDAMENTALS
OF LIGHTING:
MODULE 7
CODES,
STANDARDS AND
PRACTICE

Illuminating Engineering Society

www.ies.org

IES Fundamentals of Lighting, Module 7 55