REPORT ON

STATUS OF SOME COMMON FACILITIES FOR

COLLECTION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF
BIOMEDICAL WASTE IN MAHARASHTRA

MAHARASHTRA POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

Kalpataru Point, Sion Circle,
Sion (East), Mumbai
http://mpcb.mah.nic.in

August 2004

1
MAHARASHTRA POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

REPORT ON
STATUS OF SOME COMMON FACILITIES FOR COLLECTION,
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES IN MAHARASHTRA
-----------------------------------------------

CONTENTS
S.No. Chapter Page No.
1 Background 1
2 General findings 2
3 Discussions 4
4 Recommendations 6
5 Proposed action points 8
6 Annexure I : Fact sheets of some common facilities 9
for management of biomedical wastes

7 Annexure II: Formats for record keeping at common 15

facility for management of biomedical wastes:

8 Annexure III: “Bio medical waste management in 20

Mumbai: Policy and Approach. Paper by Dr. D.B.
Boralkar, Member Secretary, MPCB, Mumbai,
March 2004
9 Annexure IV: Draft order and terms of reference 38
proposed by MPCB to MCGB to facilitate
development of common facilities for management
of BMW in Mumbai
10 Annexure V: Copy of the Public Notice dated 49
30.7.04
11 Annexure VI: BMW Management : Facts and 51
Figures
12 Annexure VII: Photographs 53

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 MAHARASHTRA POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

REPORT ON
STATUS OF SOME COMMON FACILITIES FOR COLLECTION,
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES IN MAHARASHTRA

1.0 BACKGROUND

Biomedical Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 are notified

under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Barring precious efforts
made by Tata Memorial Hospital nothing much was done in Mumbai for
environmentally sound management of biomedical wastes till with
installation of one common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal
facility (CBMWTDF) at G.B. Hospital, Sewree. It consists of incinerator,
autoclave with attendant units like shredder etc. Municipal Corporation of
Greater Mumbai (MCGM) has fixed two separate agencies, one to collect
the biomedical waste (BMW) of entire city and another to treat & dispose.
The transport agency do not have adequate infrastructure like vehicles,
manpower etc. resulting in non-collection of BMW from all generators.
Further, the incinerator at the facility started giving blackish toxic fumes
due to improper operation. People living in the vicinity complained and
started agitation against the facility. This resulted in closing of the facility
since November 2003. MCGM then started dumping the BMW in Deonar
dumping ground violating the BMW Rules. On November 16, 2003, one
truckload of BMW containing body parts was virtually dumped in Mulund
dumping ground, which received wide publicity in print and electronic
media causing public concern.

Looking at these aspects and in order to assess the overall situation in

major towns/cities in Maharashtra, the Member Secretary of MPCB
convened a meeting of all concerned. Further, the Secretary
(Environment) also held a meeting which was attended by the Additional
Commissioner (Project) MCGM, Member Secretary, Regional Officer &
Sub Regional Officer of MPCB, Director (Environment) and Department of
Urban Development.

As a follow-up, the Member Secretary set up a Group of Senior Officers of

the, namely, Shri R.M. Kulkarni, Regional Officer, Mumbai and Dr. Ajay
Deshpande, Regional Officer, Thane and directed them to visit common
BMW facilities in some major towns/cities and submit the report along with
recommendations to improve the overall management of BMW in the
State. This report is based on the visit to common BMW treatment and
disposal facilities at following cities:

Ahmednagar Amravati Aurangabad Chandrapur Kalyan

Kolhapur Miraj Mumbai Nagpur Nasik
Pimpri Chinchwad Pune Sangli Taloja Thane

3
2.0 GENERAL FINDINGS

The Group of Officers along with the local Regional and Sub-Regional
Officers visited some of the common facilities for management of BMW
and prepared fact sheets (placed at Annexure I) and findings/observations
are summarised as below:.

2.1 Collection

1. BMW is not segregated at the source properly. Because of lack of

training, intention and regulatory control, all waste generated in
medical institutes including other solid waste is classified as BMW.

2. The operator of facility charged the generators either on per kilo

basis or per bed basis. In case of per bed basis charge, the facility
receives all sorts of waste without segregation. In case the facility
charges on per kg basis, then the BMW received at facility is
considerably low. Hospitals tend to avoid giving wastes to the
operator.

3. Most of the hospitals do not have one point of collection from

where waste is transported.

4. Hospitals do not generally send the non-incinerable / autoclavable

waste to the facility. This waste is directly sold for recycle without
any treatment. This is in violation of the rules.

5. Generation of BMW varies widely from place to place. Generally, it

is 125 to 250 g per bed per day. There is no consistent ratio of
incinerable and non incinerable waste

6. The category wise weight of BMW collected at every collection

point is not recorded properly.

7. The hospitals in many cases informed that the operator does not
collect their BMW on daily basis. This causes problem for
hospitals.

2.2 Transportation

1. For one city, there is one agency for entire BMW management
except in Mumbai, where the collection and transportation of the
waste is with one party and treatment is with another one.

2. Compared to the number of generators and waste generated, the

number of vehicles in most of the cases is inadequate. It hampers
proper and timely BMW collection.

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 3. Some facilities have big vehicles like truck or mini-trucks. Big
vehicles are not suitable for densely populated areas in cities. The
vehicles do not have proper compartments for different category of
wastes.

4. The transporters do not keep the records of the waste collected

from individual operators as per category and weight basis.

5. The transporters do not visit and collect the BMW from all
hospitals, particularly the small ones.

2.3 Treatment

1. The common facilities need to have complete in-house

arrangements for collection, transport, treatment and disposal of all
categories BMW. It was observed that some facilities like at Pune,
Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation and Nagpur have only
incineration. There is no proper arrangement for ash disposal.
These facilities cannot be considered as common facility.

2. Generally the facilities are located away from the habitation, except
in Mumbai where it is in the city.

3. It was observed that in most of the cases the required temperature

at primary chamber (PC) & secondary chamber (SC) are not
achieved. Records of incinerator operation including temperature,
waste charging, time of operation and fuel consumption are not
maintained. Temperature indicators and recorders were found
faulty.

4. Most of the facilities lack technical support to address operational

problems.

5. Facilities in smaller towns have to depend on their own D.G. sets,

as electricity supply is erratic and irregular.

6. Because of improper segregation, the incinerators tend to emit lot

of fumes in spite of provision of scrubbing arrangements.

7. Handling and storage of waste before treatment is inadequate.

8. Records of waste received and treated, temperature, hours of

operations are not maintained.

9. Scrubbed water and floor washings are not adequately treated.

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3.0 DISCUSSION

The observations made during the visit reveal several non-compliances,

in terms of proper segregation, collection, treatment and disposal of
BMW.

3.1 Collection and transport

The collection of BMW from the large number of generators and

transporting the same to the facility require adequate infrastructure and
managerial efforts. There is an urgent need to streamline the collection
systems. This should identify the generators, which are either not sending
the waste regularly or not segregating the waste properly. It will be
possible only if the facility operator approaches the generator on daily
basis and keep proper records of category and weight of BMW received.
This is relevant as it is observed in case of Mumbai that non-collection of
the waste from individual hospitals is causing the problems for smooth
operation of the facility.

The proper segregation of BMW at source is also important area where all
concerned including local body, medical association and generators have
to take initiatives to implement rules. This will also help estimate the BMW
generation from different types of medical institutions.

3.2 Treatment

The operation and maintenance of incineration is an important area

requiring high degree of attention. The incineration of BMW at
temperatures lower than the specified range are likely to emit the
toxic/carcinogenic air pollutants like dioxins and furans. Hence, it is felt
that the improper BMW incineration at lower temperatures and lower
residence time is more dangerous and harmful than not treating the
waste. Operating the incineration at desired temperatures, at primary and
secondary chambers is a difficult task because of higher temperature
ranges. It was observed that in most of the cases, the temperature at PC
& SC is not achieved. Records are not maintained of the incinerator
operations including temperature, waste charging, time of operation and
fuel consumption. It is necessary that all these incinerators shall have
continuous temperature recorders.

It is therefore decided to take urgent action against the default and ensure
compliance within a stipulated time. Directions are issued by Member
Secretary to inspect the facilities at least once in a fortnight by SRO and
once in a month by RO.

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 The incinerator at Pune facility is horizontal with a single burner. The
facility operator claims to achieve the required temperature and other
specification of the incinerator. However, in the absence of temperature
recorder / indicator, this claim could not be ascertained. Further, the
occurrence of un-burnt cotton in PC & SC showed improper operation of
unit. It is therefore decided that detailed verification shall be done through
a reputed expert agency.

3.3 Record keeping

The record keeping is important area where enough attention is not given
by CBMWTDF. As per the guidelines for common facilities, the facility
shall have a record of daily category wise BMW collection from individual
generators and a weekly list needs to be submitted to MPCB for taking
action against the generators who are not sending BMW to facility.

The collection of BMW from individual generator is important activity of

common facility. It is necessary that the CBMWTDF approach the
generator on daily basis to collect the waste. The generators are
responsible for proper segregation of waste. The segregated waste
needs to be stored properly in colour coded bags which shall be collected
by CBMWTDF by actual weighing and recording same in the records of
both with transporter and generator. The waste collection bags should
also have arrangements to identify the waste source i.e. generator
identity. This can be either through bar coding or display of generator
code on the bag.

It was further observed that the waste collection records are not kept
properly as category of waste, quantity etc. In most of the cases the
temperature at PC & SC of incinerator are not achieved. Records are not
maintained for incinerator operating parameters such temperature, waste
charging, time of operation and fuel consumption. Keeping in view of this
requirement MPCB has prepared formats for record keeping (Annexure
II). Directions are being issued to CBMWTF’s to maintain the information
as per the formats. This includes:

• BMW collection from individual generator

• Incinerator operation
• Autoclave/Shredder operation

3.4 The role of local bodies

As per the BMW rules, the local bodies are required to take a lead in
implementing the rules by working as a facilitator. However, in most the
cases, the local body is involved in either collection of waste or financial
management of the common BMWT facility. It is opined that that the local
bodies must work as a facilitator for BMW management rather than
getting involved into the day-to-day operation. In a typical case, Nagpur
Municipal Corporation has floated a tender for common facility where the

7
 tender evaluation criteria include the royalty to be paid to Nagpur
Municipal Corporation. This practice of making revenue out of BMW
management is not going well with the spirit of rules. Technical and
financial capability of the operator should be the basis for selection.

The hospitals and nursing homes are also required to register with the
local bodies under Nursing Homes Regulation. The local body shall verify
the compliance by these healthcare establishments while considering
their applications for grant of license.

3.5 Capacity utilisation

The installed capacity of incinerator in most of the CBMWTF’s is much

more than the actual generation of incinerable BMW in the area. Local
bodies generally develop these facilities and have stipulated the
specifications, including the incinerator capacity. The guidelines published
by CPCB for the common BMW facilities stipulate that there should
preferably be one incinerator for 10,000 beds and the facility should cater
to surrounding area in 150-km radius.

Under these circumstances, it becomes necessary to augment these

facilities by allowing them to cater additional areas in the vicinity. This
was first tried at Thane facility, where generators from nearby urban areas
like Mira Bhayander, Navghar-Manikpur, Vasai have joined Thane facility.
This has ensured smooth working of incinerator and has enhanced
techno-economic feasibility of the project at Thane. This is subject to
compliance verification.

There are several hospitals, which have their own incinerators and their
performance, as per the new standards and guidelines have not been
evaluated so far. It may be more appropriate to have a common facility,
which runs effectively than having several incinerators spread across a
city. Evaluation of performance of each of these incinerators is being
undertaken by MPCB on priority.

4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

1. It is noticed that in some cases the local body has entrusted only
incineration part to the operator. The non-incinerable waste
remains unattended. It is therefore necessary that the common
facility should be allowed to operate, only if, they are accepting all
the categories of BMW for treatment and disposal. The facility
shall also be responsible for total BMW management including
collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal. The role of
local body shall be as a facilitator, rather than a business partner.

8
2. There is large variation in the quantity of BMW generation in each
hospital or even in one city. As a result, it is difficult to inventorise
the BMW. Variation in quantity of BMW generation is also due to
differences in the practices followed for segregation of BMW.

3. The record keeping in most of the cases was not proper.

Suggested formats for collection and handling of BMW are as
given in Annexure-II.

4. It was observed that all the waste generated do not reach the
facility. Operators informed that some waste is sold in the scrap
market by generators. This is violation of rules. It was also
informed that even Govt. hospitals are not sending all the BMW to
facility.

5. The present operational compliance level of all the facilities in not

satisfactory. It is therefore proposed to issue appropriate directions
for improvement.

6. There should be on-line temperature recorder for PC and SC of the

incinerators.

7. All the BMW generators have not obtained authorizations. Legal

action is proposed against the defaulters.

8. Region wise task force consisting of a representative from IMA,

local body, NGO and State Health Department may be set up for
monitoring and advice.

9. RO/SRO shall also visit these facilities once in a fortnight and take
suitable action against the generators who are either not sending
the waste or not segregating the waste.

10. Training programs are required for the MPCB officers, doctors and
workers for proper segregation and handling of BMW.

11. It was observed that at several places the incinerators had some
problems and the repairs could not be done in time. BMW must be
disposed within 48 hrs. The common facility needs to ensure that
all the treatment units have a proper maintenance backup.

12. Management of BMW should also form part of educational

curriculum particularly in the medical and nursing courses.

9
5.0 PROPOSED ACTION POINTS

Proposed action points for BMW management are Maharashtra is

presented below:
Sl. Activity Agency Time frame
No.
1. Inventory of bio-medical waste MPCB 24 months
generating units and category wise
waste generated.
2. Computerization at MPCB MPCB 24 months
3. Training of MPCB Officers MPCB Continuous/regular activity
4. Awareness programmes MPCB Medical Continuous/regular activity
associations
NGO’s
5. Identification of Appropriate treatment Donor Depends on merit of each
Technology for major cities in state organization case.
Consultants
6. Infrastructural support for the common Facility operator
facilities in the form of technology, - do -
instrumentation and vehicles etc.
7. Training to healthcare workers NGO’s Continuous/regular activity
8. To ensure that all the BMW generators MPCB Continuous/regular activity
join the common BMWTDF facility and
are given Authorization
9. To submit half yearly list of BMW CBMWTDF Continuing activity
generators to MPCB indicating the
wastes received at CBMWTDF along
with category wise quantity.
10. Legal action including closure and MPCB/ Local 3 months intensive and
prosecution against the BMW generators body then follow up
who neither have facilities to treat BMW
as per rules nor become member of
common facility.
11. Inspection, once in a month, of MPCB Continuing activity
CBMWTDF along with necessary
monitoring.
12. To take legal action against the MPCB Continuing activity
members of facility who are not sending
their waste to facility or not segregating
the waste properly.
13. Issuance of directions to upgrade all CBMWTDF 3 months
units in the facility as per the
requirements of guidelines, along with
continuous temperature recorder to PCC
and SCC of incinerators.
14. To explore the possibility of accepting CBMWTDF/MPC 4 months
the waste from adjoining areas [e.g. B/ Local body
Mira-Bhayander, Vasai, Virar, Nalla-
Sopara, Navghar-Manikpur, Dahanu]
Issue authorization, as the case may be .
15 Facilitate development of Common Local body 12 months
facility for management of BMW as per
rules and guidelines in corporation and
"A" class municipal towns

---o0o---

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 Annexure I

FACT SHEETS OF COMMON FACILITIES FOR

MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES
AT SEVEN CITIES IN MAHARASHTRA

1. Amaravati

2. Aurangabad

3. Chandrapur

4. Mumbai Municipal Corporation

5. Nashik

6. Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation

7. Sangli Miraj Kupwad Municipal Corporation (Facility 1)

8. Sangli Miraj Kupwad Municipal Corporation (Facility 2)

9. Nagpur Municipal Corporation

10. Kolhapur Municipal Corporation

11
 FACT SHEETS COMMON FACILITIES FOR
MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES

S. No. Common BMW Amravati Aurangabad

management facility
1 Name of the Global Eco-Save Water Grace Products
Operator/Agency systems
2 Location MIDC area, Badnera Outside Corporation area
3 Facility provided:
Incinerator 100 kg/hr. 300 kg/hr
Autoclave 50 ltr./hr. 50-60 kg/hr
4 BMW generated in city 350 kg/day -
5 BMW received: Incinerable 276 kg/day 150kg/day
Non-incinerable 21 kg/ day --
6 Record keeping :
Daily individual collection Maintained without wt. Not maintained
Waste received Maintained Maintained
Incinerator operation Not maintained Not maintained
Autoclave operation Maintained Maintained
7 Observations -
(A) Incinerator operation :
Temp in PC & SC PC 7600C SC-1400C Records not available
Scrubber Provided Provided
Treat. for scrub. liquid ETP provided Provided
Disposal of Ash MSW site & deep burial MSW site
Temp. recorder Not provided Not provided
(B) Autoclave Operation
Records of Operation in operation
(C) Segregation of waste Not proper Not proper
(D) Transportation of BMW
Individual Generator Individual generated Provided
Collection Points - -
(E) Vehicles for transport Provided Provided
(F) Housekeeping Good OK
(G) Space available Adequate Adequate
8 Recommendations: (a) The daily category- (a) The waste collection is less.
wise BMW collection on This should go up
weight basis needs to be (b) The operational records of
recorded. incinerator need to be
(b) Required temp. at maintained.
PC & SC must be (c) Required temperature in PC
maintained. & SC must be maintained.
(c) Temp. recorder to (d) Temperature recorder shall
incinerator shall be be provided.
provided.

12
 FACT SHEETS COMMON FACILITIES FOR
MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES
(continued)

S. No. Common BMW Chandrapur Mumbai

management facility
1 Name of the Superb Hygenic Disposal Bhavani Travels and Transport.
Operator/Agency
2 Location MIDC area GTB Hospital Sewree
3 Facility provided:
Incinerator 50 kg/hr. 185 kg/hr
Autoclave 25 ltr./hr. 2500 kg/batch
4 BMW generated in city 200 kg/day 8000 kg/day
5 BMW received: Incinerable 120-150 kg/day 2200-2500 kg/day
Non-incinerable 30 kg/ day 2800-3000 kg/day
6 Record keeping :
Daily individual collection Not maintained. Maintained without wt.
Waste received Maintained Maintained
Incinerator operation Maintained without temp. Time, pressure & temp.
Autoclave operation Maintained Maintained
7 Observations -
(A) Incinerator operation :
Temp in PC & SC Temp. indicator not working Incinerator not in operation.
Scrubber Provided ---NA---
Treat. for scrub. liquid ETP provided ---NA---
Disposal of Ash Deep burial ---NA---
Temp. recorder Not provided ---NA---
(B) Autoclave Operation Yes
Records of Operation Maintained Not maintained
(C) Segregation of waste Not proper Not proper
(D) Transportation of BMW
Individual Generator Individual generator Provided
Collection Points - No
(E) Vehicles for transport Provided Inadequate
(F) Housekeeping Good Fair
(G) Space available Adequate Adequate
8 Recommendations: (a) Provide temp. recorders. (a) No. of vehicles to be
(b) Required temp. at PC & increased.
SC must be maintained. (b) Provide temp. recorder to
(c) Temp. indicator shall be incinerator.
provided. (c) Provide ETP.

13
 FACT SHEETS COMMON FACILITIES FOR
MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES
(continued)

S. No. Common BMW Nagpur Nashik

management facility
1 Name of the Nagpur Municipal M/s. Water Grace Products
Operator/Agency Corporation
2 Location Ambazari Crematorium Near Kannamwar Bridge
3 Facility provided:
Incinerator 100 kg/hr. 300 kg/hr
Autoclave Not provided 50-60 kg/batch
4 BMW generated in city -- 2500 kg/day
5 BMW received: Incinerable 200 kg/day 2000 kg/day
Non-incinerable Nil --
6 Record keeping :
Daily individual collection Not maintained Not maintained
Waste received Not maintained Not maintained
Incinerator operation Not maintained Not maintained
Autoclave operation NA Not maintained
7 Observations -
(A) Incinerator operation :
Temp in PC & SC Not maintained. SC not Incinerator not in operation.
working
Scrubber Not in operation Provided
Treat. for scrub. liquid Not provided Adequate
Disposal of Ash Not provided MSW
Temp. recorder Not provided Not provided
(B) Autoclave Operation Yes
Records of Operation NA Not maintained
(C) Segregation of waste Not proper Not proper
(D) Transportation of BMW
Individual Generator Individual generator Provided
Collection Points - No
(E) Vehicles for transport Provided Provided
(F) Housekeeping Generally OK Average
(G) Space available Adequate Adequate
8 Recommendations: (a) SC not operated. (a) Records of waste handled
Scrubber not in use. Temp. not maintained.
indicator not working. (b) Temp. indicators and
(b) Autoclave & shredders to recorders not working.
be provided.

14
 FACT SHEETS COMMON FACILITIES FOR
MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES
(continued)

S. No. Common BMW Pimpri-Chinchwad Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad

management facility (part)
1 Name of the PCMC Corporation M/s.Surya Central Facility
Operator/Agency
2 Location Shri Ch. Shivaji Hospital MIDC area
3 Facility provided:
Incinerator 60-70 kg/hr. 50 kg/hr
Autoclave Not provided 60 kg/batch
4 BMW generated in city 400 kg/day 300 kg/day
5 BMW received: Incinerable No records available 120 kg/day
Non-incinerable No records available 80-90 kg/day
6 Record keeping :
Daily individual collection Not maintained Yes without wt.
Waste received Not maintained Yes
Incinerator operation Not maintained Hours
Autoclave operation Not maintained Quantity & time
7 Observations -
(A) Incinerator operation :
Temp in PC & SC PC 140 and SC 830 deg. C. Well maintained
Scrubber Not provided Provided & in operation
Treat. for scrub. liquid Not provided Not provided
Disposal of Ash Not proper Open/ unscientific
Temp. recorder Not provided Not provided
(B) Autoclave Operation Yes
Records of Operation NA In operation
(C) Segregation of waste Not proper Not proper
(D) Transportation of BMW
Individual Generator -- Yes
Collection Points 26 No
(E) Vehicles for transport Provided Inadequate
(F) Housekeeping Average Satisfactory
(G) Space available Adequate Adequate
8 Recommendations: (a) Incinerator operated with a) Provide more vehicles,
out scrubber b) Provide ETP
(b) Records not maintained. c) Provide temp. recorder
(c) Temperature at d) Ash disposal by landfill.
incinerator not achieved.

15
 FACT SHEETS COMMON FACILITIES FOR
MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES

S. No. Common BMW Kolhapur Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad

management facility (part)
1 Name of the Dass Enterprises Life Secure Enterprises
Operator/Agency
2 Location Kasba Barde, Kolhapur Badag Road, Miraj
3 Facility provided:
Incinerator 200 kg/hr. 50 kg/hr
Autoclave Not provided Not provided
4 BMW generated in city 160-200 kg/day 350 kg/day
5 BMW received: Incinerable 80-90 kg/day 160-180 kg/day
Non-incinerable 40-50 kg/ day 90-120 kg/day
6 Record keeping :
Daily individual collection Not Maintained Not maintained
Waste received Maintained Maintained
Incinerator operation Not Maintained Not maintained
Autoclave operation Not Maintained Not Maintained
7 Observations -
(A) Incinerator operation :
Temp in PC & SC No records Records not available
Scrubber Provided Provided
Treat. for scrub. liquid No ETP provided No ETP Provided
Disposal of Ash Not proper Provided
Temp. recorder Not provided Not provided
(B) Autoclave Operation
Records of Operation Not provided
(C) Segregation of waste Not proper Not proper
(D) Transportation of BMW
Individual Generator Individual generated Provided
Collection Points - -
(E) Vehicles for transport Provided Inadequate
(F) Housekeeping Poor Poor
(G) Space available Inadequate Adequate
8 Recommendations: (a) The daily category- (a) Provide autoclave
wise BMW collection on (b) The operational records of
weight basis needs to be incinerator need to be
recorded. maintained.
(b) Required temp. at (c) Required temperature in PC
PC & SC must be & SC must be maintained.
maintained. (d) Improve the transport
(c) Temp. recorder to
incinerator shall be
provided.
(d) Provide ETP and
improve housekeeping

16
 Annexure II

FORMATS FOR RECORD KEEPING AT COMMON FACILITY FOR

MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES

17
 Record Sheet No.1

DAILY WASTE COLLECTION REPORT

Date:
Name of Driver:
Vehicle No.

S.No. Name Yellow Red Bags Blue Bags Effluent Total Sign of
of Bags Hospital
Hospital Nos. Kg. Nos. Kg. Nos. Kg. Kg. Kg.

18
 Record Sheet No.2

DAILY HOSPITALWISE BMW COLLECTION STATEMENT

Name of Hospital:

Membership No.

Month/Year

Date Yellow Bags Red Bags Blue Bags Effluent Total Sign
Nos. Kg. Nos. Kg. Nos. Kg. Kg. Kg.

19
 Record Sheet No.3

INCINERATOR LOG SHEET

Date:

Time Temperature oC Waste Fuel Fuel Sign Remark

Primary Secondary Venturi Venturi Charge Lts Lts
Chamber Chamber Inlet Outlet Kg PC SC

1. Plant started at:

2. SEC Burner started at:
3. Primary Burner started at:
4. Waste feeding started at:
5. Waste feeding stopped at:
6. Burner stopped at:
7. Plant stopped at:
8. Total LDO charged:

20
 Record Sheet No.4
DAILY REPORT

Date:

1. TRANSPORT

Total Quantity of BMW Collected:

Vehicle Incinerable Plastic Glass Other Total Remark

No. Waste

Activity Details

Vehicle Departure Arrival Km Hospitals Hospitals

No. to be visited
visited

2. TREATMENT
S. No. Treatment Given Kg Remark
1. Incineration
2. Autoclave
3. Shredder

21
 Annexure-III

Bio medical waste management in Mumbai

Policy and Approach

Dr DB Boralkar
Member Secretary
Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
March 2004

22
The current structure is
unregulated Operator

BMC Transporter

Waste
Hospitals
Payment

Key Points:
Waste is collected from hospitals by a Transporter
Waste is handed over to the operator
Payment is made by hospitals to BMC
BMC in turn makes payments to the transporter and the operator 2

The current structure is What is the

unregulated
quality
Operator

BMC Transporter Is all the waste

given to the
operator
Who decides
tariff? Waste
Payment
P.Labs Hospitals others

Is there a focus on regulation and

compliance monitoring

An integrated approach is
required
 Disposal facility is only one of the links in
the bio medical waste management chain

 There are other key links that are required

Î Education and awareness
Î Compliance monitoring and accountability
Î Regulatory systems and tools

23
 PRESENTATION IS DIVIDED INTO
FIVE COMPONENTS:

PART I POLICY ISSUES AND OPTIONS

PART II PREPAREDNESS OF MPCB/BMC

PART III ELEMENTS OF RFP

PART IV ISSUANCE OF CLEARANCES

PART V COMMERCIAL ISSUES IN PROJECT

PART I

POLICY ISSUES AND OPTIONS

VISION STATEMENT

Principles and practices of environmentally

sound management of bio medical waste
should be accessible to all generators
(particularly, small and medium hospitals)
which entail eco-friendly methods of
handling and disposal, capacity building
and public-private partnership.

24
Policy Options

 Captive facilities by each generator

 Co–operative model
 Multiple facilities without any planning
 Single facility by State Agency
 Single facility by private sector
 Multiple planned facilities by private sector
with infancy protection

Captive facilities by each user

Generator 2
Generator 1 Generator 3

Facility 1 Facility 2 Facility 3

Key Issues
Small generators cannot afford facility
Even for large generators, cost of treatment will be high
There will be too many facilities which will make regulation difficult
9

Co operative model

Generator 2
Generator 1 Generator 3

Facility

Key Issues
Who will bring the users together?
together?
How
How will
will capital cost be shared
How
How will tariff
tariff be decided
Who will operate
operate the
the facility?
facility?
How will treatment quality be monitored?
State support? 10

25
Multiple facilities without
planning
Generator 2
Generator 1 Generator 3

Facility 1 Facility 2 Facility 3

Key Issues
Some facilities will become unviable
Price undercutting will result in poor treatment quality
Regulation difficult with multiple facilities and free flow of waste
Evasion by generators difficult to trace 11

Single facility by State Agency

State Agency

Facility

Generator 2
Generator 1 Generator 3

Key Issues
Who will bring in capital cost?
Who will regulate the State Agency?
12

Single facility by private party

Private party

Facility

Generator 2
Generator 1 Generator 3

Key Issues
How will tariff be determined?
How will monopoly be controlled?
What if the facility fails?
13

26
Multiple facilities with infancy
protection
Generators 11-25
Generators 1- 10 Generators 26-30

Facility 1 Facility 2 Facility 3

Key Issues
No demand risk since each facility will cater to a defined region
Competition will determine tariff
If one facility fails, others can step in
After some years, full competition can be introduced
14

Policy Options

 Captive facilities by each generator 8

 Co – operative model 8
 Multiple facilities without any planning
8
 Single facility by State Agency
8
 Single facility by private sector
 Multiple planned facilities by private sector
8
with infancy protection 9
15

This is a workable model which can be

regulated easily Operator
(Private)
Community
Community
involvement
involvement and
and Treatment and
transparency
transparency Disposal facility

Regulator Transportation
(MPCB/BMC)
(MPCB/BMC) Regulate

Waste and Tariff

Regulate Hospitals

Key aspects
Single point responsibility for transportation, treatment and disposal.
Generator sends waste to operator and pays directly to operator.
Regulator only involved in facilitation, regulation and transparency. 16

27
 MODUS OPERANDI

Elements of common facilities

(A) SEGREGATION/STORAGE (at healthcare establishments)

• Different containers/ bags for different categories (to be

Provided by the operator)
• Collection and segregation system within the hospital
• Handover to operator and documentation

(B) TRANSPORT
• Manifest system
• Catalogue for characterisation
• Declaration documentation by the generator
• Acceptance documentation by the SPCB
• Unloading (weight/volume)facilities
• Criteria for disposal of containers
• Washing of container and disposal of effluent

(C) TREATMENT
• Treatment options (as per BMW Rules)
• Treatment programme
• Reporting manifest to SPCB 17
• Treatment cost and billing to the generator

(C) INCINERATOR
• Capacity commensurate with BMW generated in the area
• Residence time and temperature
• Air emission control
• Compliance of standards and monitoring
• Disposal of incineration ash / solid wastes
• Area requirement
• Technical manpower
• Capital, O & M and Treatment costs
(d) AUTOCLAVE//HYDROCLAVE
• Facilities proposed
• Capacity
• Applicable criteria
• Recovery/recycling options
• Disposal of residue
• Area requirement
• Technical/scientific manpower
• Capital and O & M costs
• Treatment costs

18

(E) ENGINEERED LANDFILL (OPTIONAL)

• Proposed life-span and area requirement

• Number of sections
• Lining system.
• Criteria for acceptance
• Leachate collection, treatment, disposal
• Drainage of surface run-off, its collection, treatment (if
required based on pre-determined criteria) and disposal
• Infrastructure facilities
• Manifest system
• Capital, O & M and Treatment costs
• Laboratory support

(F) SHREDDER

• Capacity
• Specifications
• Capital and O&M costs

19

28
(G) OTHER ISSUES

• Equity participation by generators and operator

• Subsidy from State Government/State Pollution Control Board to
trigger the process.
• Design parameters and capacity to commensurate with the existing
and projected quantities and characterisation of wastes in the operating
jurisdiction of Common BMWTDF.
• Waste from outside cannot be allowed for disposal.
• Possibility of progressive reduction in generation of wastes

20

CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT

OF TECHNOLOGIES

• What is the cost?

• How effective is it?
• Is it readily accessible?
• How is the public perception?
• How many types of wastes it can
treat?
• What are the limits with respect to
concentration?

21

PROBLEMS REGARDING
TREATMENT & DISPOSAL OF
BIO MEDICAL WASTES

• Inadequate skilled manpower, technology and

capital investment
• Lack of infrastructure and institutional
arrangements for implementation
• Difficulties in procurement of land
• Lack of availability of soft loan for development of
facilities and expertise in the field

22

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 REGULATION AND ENFORCEMENT

(A) RESPONSIBILITY OF OCCUPIER

(i) Handle BMW without any adverse effect to human health and
environment.(Rule 4)
(ii) To set up requisite BMW treatment facility or ensure requisite
treatment at common BMW TDF (Rule 5)
(iii) To segregate BMW and label the containers (Rule 6)
(iv) To make application for Authorization in Form I (Rule 8)
(v) To file the annual return (Rule 10)
(vi) To maintain records of BMW handling and make it available to
prescribed Authority
(vi) To report accidents (Rule 12)

(B) RESPONSIBILITY OF TRANSPORTER

(i) The container shall, apart from the label prescribed in schedule III,
also carry information prescribed in Schedule IV.
(ii) To transport the untreated BMW only in Authorised vehicle
23

(C) RESPONSIBILITY OF OPERATOR

(i) Handle BMW without any adverse effect to human health and
environment.(Rule 4)
(ii) To set up requisite BMW treatment facility to ensure requisite
treatment at common BMW TDF (Rule 5)
(iii) To make application for Authorization in Form I (Rule 8)
(iv) To file the annual return (Rule 10)
(v) To maintain records of BMW handling and make it available to
prescribed Authority
(vi) To report accidents (Rule 12)

(D) RESPONSIBILITY OF LOCAL BODY

(i) To continue to pick up and transport segregated non-biomedical

solid waste generated and duly treated BMW from hospitals and
nursing homes.
(ii) Provide suitable common disposal/incineration sites.
24

(E) RESPONSIBILITY OF STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

(i) To grant or renew authorisation on receipt of Form I and if it is

satisfied that applicant possess the necessary capacity to handle
the BMW in accordance with the rules (Rule 7(4)).
(ii) To refuse the authorisation for reasons to be recorded in writing
(Rule 7(6))
(iii) To suspend or cancel the Authorisation for reasons to be recored
in writing. (Rule 7(8))

(F) RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT

(i) Prescribe fees for authorisation. (Rule 8)

(ii) To constitute an advisory committee. (Rule 9)
(iii) To constitute an Appellate Authority. ( Rule 13)

25

30
 PART II

PREPAREDNESS OF MPCB/BMC

26

INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING

Re-structuring of organisational setup in the Board

Strengthening of monitoring network:

ΠSetting up of vigilance squads
ΠDocumentation of data

Improved Efficiency:
ΠTime bound clearances and longer duration of authorisation validity
ΠOptimisation of inspection/visits
ΠSimplification of procedures and decentralisation
ΠComputerisation
ΠFaster communication facilities
ΠNetworking of offices

Infrastructure/facilities and capacity building:

27

PART II:
PREPAREDNESS OF THE STATE BOARD

• ADOPTION OF POLICY DECISION

• SUPPORT OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT
• COMMITMENT OF SUBSIDY, IF ANY
• ASSURANCE OF WASTE FLOW
• OPERATIONAL/COMMAND AREA OF BMWTDF
• INVENTORY OF WASTES: CATEGORY-WISE,
AREA-WISE, AND QUANTITIES
• GUIDELINES OF CPCB FOR COMMON FACILITIES

28

31
• SETTING UP OF “EXPERT COMMITTEE”
• APPOINTMENT OF “PROJECT ADVISOR”
• PREPARATION OF “RFP” BY “Project Advisor”
• ISSUANCE OF “RFP”
• SHORTLISTING OF QUALIFIED BIDDERS
• BENCHMARKING OF TECHNOLOGY(s)
• USER CHARGES/TARIFF BASED ON 20% IRR
MINIMUM
• USER-OPERATOR INTERFACE MECHANISM

29

PART III

ELEMENTS OF RFP

30

PART III:
ELEMENTS OF REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL

1. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND

• INTRODUCTION

• OBJECTIVES & TOR OF THE AGREEMENT

• PRINCIPLES UNDERLAYING THE

AGREEMENT

31

32
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE SELECTION PROCESS

• SELECTION PROCESS
• RESPONSIVENESS OF BID
• STEP 1 [COVER 1]: EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL
CAPABILITY
• STEP 2 [COVER 2]: EVALUATION OF
TECHNO-BUSINESS PROPOSAL
• STEP 3 [COVER 3]: ASSESSMENT OF
CONDITIONS
• STEP 4 [COVER 4]: EVALUATION OF
COMMERCIAL OFFER
• GENERAL COMPLIANCE CRITERIA
• TIME TABLE AND MILESTONES
32

3. PROCEDURES TO BE FOLLOWED

• INQUIRIES & CLARIFICATIONS

• SUBMISSION OF BID [COVER 1,2,3,4 AND

COMMERCIAL OFFER]

• OTHER COMMERCIAL TERMS AND

CONDITIONS SUCH AS OPENING OF BIDS,
VALIDITY, SECURITY, GUARANTEE ETC.

• PROJECT ADVISORS

• MEMBERS OF THE EXPERT COMMITTEE

33

4. COVER 1 : FINANCIAL CAPABILITY

EVALUATION

• OBJECTIVE

• EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR FINANCIAL

CAPABILITY

• EVALUATION PROCESS

• FINANCIAL CAPABILITY : INFORMATION

FORMATS

34

33
5. COVER 2 : TECHNO-BUSINESS PROPOSAL
EVALUATION

• MINIMUM COMPLIANCE CRITERIA

• TECHNO-BUSINESS PROPOSAL: EVALUATION

CRITERIA

• EVALUATION PROCESS

• TECHNO-BUSINESS PROPOSAL: EVALUATION

CRITERIA

35

6. COVER 4 : COMMERCIAL OFFER EVALUATION

• OBJECTIVE OF COMMERCIAL OFFER

EVALUATION

• PAYMENT FORMULA AND PAYMENT

MECHANISM

36

PART IV

ISSUANCE OF CLEARANCES

37

34
 PART IV:
ISSUANCE OF CLEARANCES

1. ISSUANCE OF “LOI” BY PROJECT AUTHORITY

(BMC)

2. AGREEMENT AND HANDING OVER OF THE

SITE TO THE TSDF OPERATOR

3. CONSENT TO ESTABLISH/OPERATE BY MPCB

4. OTHER CLEARANCES, IF ANY, FROM STATE

GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS

38

Contd...

5. POWER AND WATER SUPPLY (BMC to facilitate)

6. APPROACH ROAD AND BOUNDARY WALL/FENCE

(BMC)

7. MONITORING OF PROJECT PROGRESS (BMC/MPCB)

8. RELEASE OF SUBSIDY (BMC/MPCB)

39

PART V

Launching the project

40

35
Project design

 Prequalify all existing operators in

Maharashtra

 Divide the city into 4-5 zones so that each

facility has 1,000 to 1,500 tonnes of waste
per annum

 Launch RFP
41

What are the various stages

RFP Preparation 1

Regulatory Planning 2

Mobilise land, supporting infrastructure 3

Procure private operator 4

Operate and Regulate the facility 5

42

Govt/ MPCB involvement is high in the initial

stages, and is limited to regulation once the
facility is established

RFP Preparation 1

Regulatory Planning 2

Mobilise land, supporting infrastructure 3

Procure private operator 4

Operate and Regulate the facility 5

43

36
The private operator’s role increases in the later
stages of the project

RFP Preparation 1

Regulatory Planning 2

Mobilise land, supporting infrastructure 3

Procure private operator 4

Operate and Regulate the facility 5

44

RFP Preparation
 Technical
Î Technical specifications for the disposal facility
Î Specifications for transportation
Î Specifications for storage at generator site
Î Regulatory infrastructure
 Monitoring systems
Î Regulatory tools
Î Regulatory systems
 Financial
Î Cost of the total facility
Î Financing terms
Î Broad tariff calculations and payments
 Project structuring
Î Estimating total number of facilities
Î Drawing up exclusive hinterland for each facility
45

Regulatory Planning

 Building capacity at MPCB

Î Infrastructure, such as testing facilities, compliance monitoring and
tracking software etc
Î Systems
Î Tools and processes
Î Training

46

37
Mobilising land and infrastructure

 Land from BMC for the facilities

 All connecting infrastructure such as
Î Power, approach roads, water supply and sewerage
 Key clearances for the facility

47

User mobilisation

 User Mobilisation
Î Differentialtariff for various categories of users such as
size of hospitals, maternity homes, labs etc
Î Membership and membership fees
Î Planning for storage infrastructure at the user location
Î Training of staff
Î Training on compliance reporting procedures

contd

48

Procure private operator

 Conduct investor conference, launch tender

process
 Request for proposal
 Pre bid conference and clarifications
 Bidder evaluation and selection
 Contract finalisation and appointment

49

38
Operation and regulation

 Operation
Î Launch phase to smoothen transportation and disposal
Î Redrafting procedures as may be required

 Regulation
Î Data collection and compilation
Î Compliance assurance
Î Public dissemination of compliance information
Î Third party compliance monitoring if required

50

Summary

 Decide policy option – Multiple facilities with

private operator and infancy protection
 Divide the city into 4-5 zones and initiate
membership drive
 BMC to provide land
 MPCB to gear up capacity to regulate
 Project Advisor to prepare Request for
Proposal Document (RFP)
51

39