Computer Applications
Lecture Number 1
Introduction
1
Course overview
• Introduction to Computer
• Hardware & Software
• Operating Systems (Windows)
• Microsoft Office
• MS Word
• MS Excel
• MS PowerPoint
Introduction to Computer
• The Computer is an electronic device that stores, retrieves, and
processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A
computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a
variety of sizes and configurations.
Input Process Output
Types of Computers
• Mini and Mainframe Computers
Very powerful computers which are used by large organizations such an
banks to control the entire business operation. Very expensive.
• Personal Computers
Cheap and easy to use. Often used as stand-alone computers or in a
network sometimes also called as PC. personal computer
Parts of Computer
• There are two basic parts that make up a computer:
• Hardware:
Input & output devices (CPU, Monitor)
• Software
Applications and Operating Systems (Windows, Microsoft Office)
PART ONE
Computer Hardware
1• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2• Memory
3 • Input Devices
4 • Output Devices
5 • Storage Devices
1. Central Processing Unit
• Brain of the computer.
• It directs and controls the entire computer system and performs all
arithmetic and logical operations. And it Consists of:
❑ Control Unit (CU)see u
❑ Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU)
❑ Registers
2. Memory
• Where the programs and data are stored .
• READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM) contains the pre-programmed
computer instructions such as the Basic Input Output System
(BIOS).
• RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) is used to store the
programs and data that you will run. Exists only when there
is power.
3. Input Devices
• Allows data and programs (Instructions) to be sent to the computer.
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Joystick
• Microphone
• Webcam
• Scanner
• Monitor
• Light Pens
• Touch Pads
Keyboards
• Traditional keyboards
• Flexible keyboards
• Ergonomic keyboards
• Wireless keyboards
• PDA keyboards
Mouse
• Mechanical - a type of computer mouse
that has a rubber or metal ball on its
underside and it can roll in every
direction.
• Optical: This type uses a laser for
detecting the mouse's movement.
How a Mouse Hooks Up to a PC?
• Serial Mouse
• USB/Cordless Mouse
Other Pointing Devices
• Trackball
• Track point
• Touch pad
• Touch Screen
• Joystick – input device for
computer games
• Light Pens – light-sensitive pen
like device
• Stylus – pen like device commonly
used with tablet PCs and PDAs.
Scanning Devices
• Optical scanners
• Card readers
• Bar code readers
• Character and mark recognition devices
Image Capturing Devices
• Digital Cameras
• Digital Video Cameras
4. Output Devices
• Output basically means getting data out of the computer.
• Monitor
• Printer
• Speakers
• Headphones
• Modem
• Fax
Types of Monitor
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
• Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
Types of Printers
Dot matrix
printer
Inkjet printer
Laser
printer
5. Secondary Storage Devices
• Attached to the computer system to allow you to store programs and
data permanently for the purpose of retrieving them for future use.
• Floppy disk, Hard disk, SSD, CD Rom
Floppy Disk
• The most common secondary storage device
• 3.5” disk – 1.44MB
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Hard Disk
• Made of rigid materials unlike floppy disks
• Holds a greater amount of data
SSD (Solid State Drive)
• SSD is a solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit
assemblies as memory to store data persistently, typically using flash
memory.
Optical Discs
• A standard part of modern desktop machines, especially used for
multimedia purposes and preferred in loading applications.
Types of Optical Discs
• Blue Ray Disk – 40G
• Digital Versatile Disk
• DVD-R – write once, 3.95G
• DVD RW – rewritable, 3G
• Single Layer and Double Layer
• Compact Disk
• CD-R – write once, 650MB
• CD-RW – rewritable, 700MB
Optical Drives
• CD-ROM read CDs
• CD-Writer read/write CDs
• DVD-Combo read/write CDs, read DVD
• DVD Writer read/write CDs
read/write DVDs
Other Secondary Storage
• Solid-State Storage
• No moving parts
• Flash memory cards
• USB flash drives
Parts that Build Up A System Unit
• Casing or cover • Sound card
• Power Supply • Floppy disk drive
• Motherboard • Hard disk drive
• Microprocessor • CD-ROM drive
• Memory • MODEM
• Video Card
Casing or cover
• The box or outer shell that
houses most of the computer,
it is usually one of the most
overlooked parts of the PC.
• Protects the computer circuits,
cooling and system
organization.
Power Supply
• Responsible for powering every device in your
computer.
• Parts of a Power supply:
• Disk drive connectors
• Motherboard connector
• Power supply fan
• Power switch
• Input voltage selector
• Cover
• Power plugs receptacle
Motherboard
• The physical arrangement in a computer that contains
the computer’s basic circuitry and components.
• Components are:
• Microprocessor
• (Optional) Coprocessors
• Memory
• Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
• Expansion Slot
• Interconnecting circuitry
