Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 1 Human
Geography
Nature of Human Geography
Human Geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment
and socio- cultural environment created by human beings through mutual
interaction with each other.
The elements like villages, cities, road-rail networks, etc and all other elements of
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material culture have been created by human beings using the resources provided
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by the physical environment. Thus, In the saying of Ellen Semple “Human
geography is a study of changing relationship between unresting man and unstable
earth”.
Naturalisation of Humans and Humanisation of Nature
Humans interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. This
indicates the level of cultural development.
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The interaction of primitive societies with the physical environment is termed as
environmental determinism which is naturalisation of humans.
With the development of technology, humans began to modify nature and created
cultural landscape. This is called possiblism or humanisation of nature.
A middle path of neo determinism was introduced by Griffith Taylor which means
that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity (environmental determinism)
nor is there a condition of absolute freedom (possibilism).
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History of Human Geography
The emergence of human geography started with the interaction, adaptation,
adjustment and modification between the humans and the environment.
Before the age of discovery, there was very little interaction between different
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societies but in the late 15th Century information about the unknown societies were
made available now. Exploration by travellers expanded the area of human
geography and interacted with different societies.
With this, new approaches can across like welfare or humanistic school of thought,
radical school of thought and behavioural school of thought.
Field and Sub-fields of Human Geography
Human geography is inter-disciplinary in nature and develops vast linkages with
other sister disciplines in social sciences.
The fields and sub-fields of human geography explains every aspect of all elements
of human life on the surface of the earth.
Human Geography and Sister Disciplines of Social Sciences
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