MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES 4) USE OF OTHER SUBSTANCES (many smokers also use

 SMOKING alcohol and drugs)

 POOR DIETARY HABITS POOR DIETARY HABITS
 SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE DIETARY HABITS - ARE THE USUAL CHOICES OF
What is a risk factor? FOOD THAT PEOPLE MAKE.
• A risk factor is something that increases your chance WHAT IS POOR DIETARY HABIT?
of getting a disease. • OCCUR WHEN THE PERSON DOES NOT FOLLOW THE
The WHO’S WESTERN PACIFIC REGION declares PRINCIPLE OF GOOD NUTRITION ADEQUACY,
NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDs) as the TOP KILLERS BALANCE, AND VARIETY.
in the PHILIPPINES. • ADEQUACY- refers to moderate amounts of
“FATAL FOUR”, NCD’s nutrients to maintain normal body function.
• CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE • BALANCE- refers to correct combination of nutrients.
• CANCER • VARIETY- refers to consumption of different types of
• DIABETES food products.
• CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE Lead to malnutrition, resulting to:
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES – are non-infectious illness • Stress
but can be in herited or developed based on the individual’s • Tiredness
lifestyle. • Sleep deprivation
• Week brain functions
SMOKING - Is a practice in which a substance is burned and • Indigestion
the resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted absorbed into • Heart problems
the blood stream. Risk of developing diseases and health problem such as:
Why is smoking harmful? • Obesity
• Almost damage every organ • Tooth decay
• 5 million die yearly from tobacco, where one • High blood pressure
individual dies every eight seconds • High cholesterol
• Has more than 4,000 chemicals • Heart disease and stroke
• The smoke contains hydrogen cyanide (a deadly • Type-2 diabetes
substance used in gas chambers), insecticides, • Osteoporosis
methanol, and butane fuels, benzene (causes • Certain types of cancer
leukemia), cadmium, and formaldehyde (used for • Eating disorders
embalming) WHAT ARE THE REASONS OF DEVELOPING UNHEALTHY
TOBACCO EATING?
“The most DEADLY DRUG”  Learning from parents/guardians without healthy
Tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide are substances from eating habits
tobacco that are among the most harmful to health  A family not having meals together.
• TAR – is a harmful by product of smoking cigarettes.  Uninformed about healthy eating
This toxic substance is carcinogenic and accumulates  Busy schedule
inside the respiratory system.  Too much traveling
• NICOTINE – is a toxic chemical compound that  Lack of desire to eat healthy
mostly consists nitrogen, which also makes  Poverty
cigarettes addictive.  Extreme emotional condition
• CARBON MONOXIDE – is a poisonous chemical from SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE
burnt cigarette that makes the heart do more work • Occurs when an individual lacks the recommended
to supply sufficient oxygen in the body. level of regular physical activity or if he/she is
What are the kinds of tobacco smoke? physically inactive.
MAINSTREAM SMOKE WHAT DOES PHYSICAL INACTIVITY CAUSES YOU?
Commonly known as “first-hand smoke” is the smoke from lit • Increase risk of certain cancers
cigarette that is both inhaled and exhaled. • Contribute to anxiety and depression
SECOND-HAND SMOKE • Risk factor to certain cardiovascular disease
Is a very dangerous smoke when taken in. It is the smoke • Increase risks of having coronary heart disease and
puffed out by smokers called environmental tobacco or obesity
“sidestream” smoke. • Decrease in skeletal muscle mass due to excessive
THIRD-HAND SMOKE sitting
Refers to cigarette offshoot which is attached to the smokers • High blood pressure and increased cholesterol levels
hair and clothing as well as various surfaces like walls, floors, What are the types of disease associated with unhealthy
furniture, chairs, and toys. This will remain in the lifestyle?
environment even if the smoke is already gone. 1. CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASE
Why do people start smoking? A disease of the heart and blood vessels and is the leading
1. Parental Role Model cause of death in the Philippines.
2. Adolescent Experimentation and Rebellion What are the types of cardio-vascular disease?
3. Depression • ARTERIOSCLEROSIS- A condition causing the arteries
4. Limited Education to harden and thicken. Some types are natural to
5. Weight Control growing old.
6. Aggressive Marketing ATHEROSCLEROSIS- Type of arteriosclerosis where
7. Stress deposited fat hardens and becomes plaque on
8. Addiction arterial walls. Plaque build-up can begin as early as
Why do people keep smoking? two years old.
1) PLEASURE • CORONARY HEART DISEASE- Coronary arteries
2) FEAR OF WEIGHT GAIN (pathway of blood to the heart muscles) are
3) NICOTINE DEPENDENCE
 narrowed or blocked; A disease of the coronary 4. CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE - commonly called
vessels and not the heart. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); occurs in the
Major risk factors for coronary heart disease : air paths and other parts of the lungs.
• Smoking Major risk factors of COPD include:
• Diabetes • Tobacco smoking;
• Hypertension • Indoor air pollution;
• Cholesterol • Outdoor air pollution; and
• Age • Occupational dusts and chemicals like vapors,
• Obesity irritants, and fumes.
• Physical Inactivity HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
• “ HEALTH IS WEALTH.” A healthy lifestyle is all about
• HEART ATTACK- Cardiac muscle failure due to lack of making one’s health and well-being a priority. It is a
blood flow to the heart. Signs include painful choice made by an individual, a commitment made
pressure in the center of the chest spreading to the for his own good and that of his love ones.
shoulders, neck, and jaw, sweating, nausea and What are the ways to prevent lifestyle diseases?
shortness of breath. Noncommunicable disease prevention requires an individual
• ANGINA PECTORIS- chest pain from narrowed to follow certain guidelines leading to a healthy lifestyle. The
coronary arteries due to inadequate oxygen for the following guidelines will lead to healthy living habits:
heart. Angina attack usually last less than five • Eat healthy food
minutes. • Drink moderate amounts of alcohol only
• RHEUMATIC FEVER- The immune system attacks the • Manage stress
heart and can cause fever, weakness, and damage to • Do daily routines of physical activity
its valves. • Do not smoke
• HEART RHYTHM ABNORMALITIES/ ARRYTHMMIA- LIKEWISE, CHANGING THE WAY YOU THINK HELPS YOU
irregular heart rhythm (i.e, bradycardia, tachycardia, BECOME MORE SUCCESSFUL IN ACHIEVING A HEALTHY
palpitation) brought about by faulty electrical BODY:
conduction system that in worsened by uncontrolled • Stop comparing yourself to others
stress levels and high caffeine intake. • Awareness of how hungry or full you are
• CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE- the heart is not able • It’s not about the diet; it’s more of the routine
or below its normal capacity to pump blood, causing • Be determined that you’re going to improve your
liquid to accumulate in the lungs and other areas of health
the body. What are some government programs and policies to
2. CANCER prevent and control noncommunicable diseases?
A disease where cells divide in an uncontrolled pace.
What is the difference between malignant and benign tumor? The go4health program
• MALIGNANT is cancerous. The tumor can spread to Go smoke-free - Highlights the bad effects of smoking. Every
invade and destroy nearby tissues and body parts. hour, ten Filipinos die from of lionesses related to cigarette
This process is called metastasis. smoking.
• BENIGN is not cancerous. Benign tumors may Go slow sa tagay - Advocates the use of alcoholic drinks in
increase in size but do not invade other body parts. It moderation.
is typically harmless unless it obstructs normal Go sustansya- Aims to prevent hypertension and
tissues or organs. cardiovascular diseases as well as obesity by campaigning for
What are the four major categories of cancer? reduced consumption of salt, sugar, fats, and high-calorie
• Carcinoma is the most common of the major food.
categories; an invasive malignant tumor from Go sigla - Emphasizes on regular exercise of at least three to
epithelial tissues that tends to spread to other body four times a week.
parts. Cancers of the skin, breast, uterus, prostate,
lung, stomach, colon, and rectum are examples of
carcinoma.
• Sarcoma is a connective or supportive cancer, which
include muscle, bone, fat, blood, vessels, and
cartilage cancers.
• Lymphoma arises in cells of the lymphatic or the
immune system tissues characterized abnormal
production of white cells and decrease in resistance.
• Leukemia is the cancer of the blood or bone marrow
characterized by an abnormal production of blood
cells, usually leukocytes or white blood cells.
3. DIABETES OR DIABETS MELLITUS - disease resulting
from a condition of the body wherein the body is not
able to produce or effectively use insulin.
INSULIN - INSULIN KEEPS YOUR BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL
FROM GETTING TOO HIGH OR TOO LOW.
• Type 1 Diabetes is insulin-reliant diabetes because
the body produces little or no insulin at all.
• Type 2 Diabetes is non-insulin dependent. This
occurs when the body produces insulin but it cannot
be used by the cells.
• Gestational Diabetes occurs in certain pregnant
individuals.