FUTURE WE WANT

MODEL UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE

Global Initiative For Young Leaders

24-27 April
DUBAI, UAE

COMMISSION ON CRIME

20
PREVENTION AND
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Future We Want MUN
Global Initiative for Young Leaders

[Link] 24
 LETTER FROM THE CHAIRS

Dear Delegates,
Welcome to the Future We Want Model United Nations and welcome to the Commis-
sion on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ)! We are looking forward to
welcoming you and hope that you are looking forward to the conference as much as
we are.
Due to the specialized nature of the CCPCJ you will be experiencing international
diplomacy and negotiations in a different forum than most of you are probably used
to. If you prepare appropriately, as is necessary for a committee such as this one, the
debate will be more technical which will allow you to fully explore the abilities of the
CCPCJ while being able to experiment with the possibilities of diplomacy more exten-
sively. We hope that you fully take advantage of this opportunity!
When portraying your position try to maintain accuracy as much as possible while
being creative with the method in which you attempt to reach your position’s goals.
We hope that you use the resources that are available to you and the days of debate
to propose innovative solutions.
If you have any questions or are unsure about which direction you need to take with
your research do not hesitate to contact us.
Don’t forget the most important part of this conference: make the best out of this
experience and we hope you enjoy participating in it as much as we enjoy preparing
it for you!
All the best and see you soon!

FWWMUN CCPCJ Chairs

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 INTRODUCTION TO THE COMMITTEE

The United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC), which is the umbrella
organization of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ),
was founded in 1997 to tackle transnational issues relating to drugs and crime as
those are not restricted to state’s borders and hence require cooperation.

Due to the fact that states have territorial sovereignty, sovereign equality and juri-
sdictional independence in principle it is their right to behave irrespectively of their
neighbors or the international community. (UN Charter Art 1) However, when criminal
acts move beyond these borders, states are motivated to collaborate as to provide an
effective response.

The CCPCJ is one of the two governing bodies of the UNODC.(UNGA Resolution
61/252) The other is the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND). The mandate of the
CCPCJ is to determine policy, facilitate inter-state cooperation and collaboration and
in some cases undertake its own actions when it comes to combating issues of inter-
national crime. (ECOSOC Resolution 1992/22). The CCPCJ finds its origins in ECOSOC
Resolution 1992/1 as to foster collaboration between the member states. While its
resolutions are not binding, they usually are more functional or practical than legal
which gives them effect irrespective of their status. (ECOSOC Resolution 1992/22)
When it comes to the actions of the member states themselves, the CCPCJ serves as
an advisor.

The CCPCJ is funded by voluntary contributions by the member states of the United
Nations (UN). It approves its own budget subject to the availability of contributed
funds and determines which ones have priority as not all resolutions are completely
fulfilled. (CCPCJ Resolution 26/5 Art.10). The success of a resolution is therefore
determined by the member state’s subsequent [Link] on the
specifics regarding funding are consequently of little importance as they take place in
a different forum. Aside from generally inviting member states to contribute financially,
a resolution does not specify more.

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 TOPICS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE

Topic Area A: Strengthening cyber-infrastructure to

counter cyber-terrorism and crime

Topic Area B: Advancing crime prevention, criminal

justice and the rule of law: towards the achievement of
the 2030 Agenda

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TOPIC AREA A: ST R E N GT H E N I N G
CYBER-INFRASTRUCTURE TO COUNTER
CYBER-TERRORISM AND CRIME

I. Introduction and Definition

II. Timeline of UN’s commitments towards strengthening cyber-infrastructure to
counter cyber-terrorism and crime
III. Discussion of the topic at hand
IV. Bloc positions
V. Recommended sources for further research
VI. Conclusions
VII. Questions a resolution should address
VIII. Bibliography

I. Introduction
Cyberinfrastructure may be defined as the sum of data storage & computing sys-
tems, using advanced tools & data repositories with visualization environments. All
these are linked together by performance networks & software aiming at enhanc- ing
productivity and enabling breakthroughs unachievable elsewhere. First used in the
late 1990s, the term “cyber-infrastructure” became popular in 2003, after Atkins
published “Revolutionizing Science and Engineering Through Cyber-infrastructure:
Report of the National Science Foundation Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyber-in-
frastructure”.
When it comes to defining the term “terrorism”, the same applies for cyber-terrorism or
cyber-crime: there is no universally agreed-on definition for these terms. Nonetheless,
the term cyber-terrorism can be described as cyber-dependent crimes exercised
with political objectives, aiming at intimidating or coercing a certain government
or population, provoking fear, or causing/threatening to cause harm. Examples of
cyber-terrorism can include threats that led to real-life attacks with actual injuries,
explosions, water contamination, economic loss, etc.
The strength and security of cyber-infrastructure highly affects the process of
decreasing cyber-terrorism and crime, seeing as technoogy is a strategic factor in
increasing the use of internet by non-state actors and terrorist organizations for the

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purpose of recruitment, propaganda, training and committing acts of terrorism.
Nonetheless, some may find it particularly hard to achieve cyber-security, seeing
as ground rules and commonly agreed on laws, policies and practices are not fully
developed concerning cyberspace. Also, no comprehensive framework has been
developed yet, and seeing as cyberspace and the internet have only existed for
about 25 years, there’s a lack of funding; consequently, progress in cyber-security is
relatively slow.

II. Timeline of UN’s commitments towards strengthening cy-

ber-infrastructure to counter cyber-terrorism and crime
Most significant measures of strengthening cyber-infrastructure counter-terro-
rist purposes started to take place during the 7th Secretary mandate, around the
same time the internet and cyberspace emerged and became popular. The first few
resolutions raising awareness of cyber-securuty include the following, chronologically
listed:
• Resolution 55/63, January 2001: Combating the Criminal Misuse of Information
Technologies
• Resolution 56/121, January 2002: Combating the Criminal Misuse of Information
Technologies
• Resolution 57/239, january 2003: Creation of a Global Culture of Cybersecurity
• Resolution 58/199, January 2004: Creation of a Global Culture of Cybersecurity
and the protection of critical information infrastructures
• Resolution 64/211, March 2010: Creation of a Global Culture of Cybersecurity
and taking Stock of National Efforts to protect Critical Information Infrastructures.
During the 21st century, the UN has taken it upon itself to double its cyber-security
efforts. Notably, it has offered its member states tools of preventing the militariza-
tion of the cyber domain, but still highly encourages its members of implementing a
preventive framework to successfully protect users from threats of cyber-attacks and
crime. Within its efforts, the UN has suggested institutional dialogue that ecounrages
international participation in order to raise awareness and intesify the understanding
of cyber-security and countering cyber-terrorism.

III. Discussion of the topic at hand

A. Threats & Risks of the use of Cyberspace for Terrorist Actions

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The absence of common applicable international rules concerning state behavior in
cyber-spaces makes it particularly difficult to control actions taken in that domanin,
seeing as tools offered in it can be used for both legitimate and malignant purposes.
The vulnerability of cyberspace is being highly exploited on many occasions by states
or non-state actors, consequently increasing the “attacks” and threats also known
as cyber-terrorism. Additionally, the anonymity of cyberspace and its characteristic of
global connectivity simplify the ability to spread unsettling cyber activities that result
in collateral damage, such as spreading malware and viruses in computer networks
and systems. The main purposes for which cyberspace is used by terrorist organiza-
tions include the following:
i) Propaganda
Terrorist groups make use of cyber-instrastructure to spread ideologies and practical
instructions or justifications for theior practices and beliefs. Propaganda can be
achieved through the spread of magazines, audio and/or video files and games,
messages, and presentations. Generally, propaganda may not in itself be a restricted
activity, and international law involves the protection and respect of human rights,
including the right to freedom of expression. Nonetheless, the promotion of violence
and the conduction of terrorism-related propaganda is a violation of the highly valued
right of freedom of expression, which is the type of propaganda that cyber-security will
be trying to contain and restrict.
ii) Training
Cyberspace throughout a year has become an easily accessible means for terrorist or-
ganizations to use as a training ground; the spread of e-manuals, informative videos,
practical guides and tutorials, etc. These trainings can sometimes include graphic
and illegal content, such as manuals to creating firearms, bombs, hazardous material
and weapons, with guides on how to plan and implement terrorist attacks.
B. Using the Internet for Counter-terrorism Purposes
Regardless of cyberspace and the internet being a platform for terrorists in propaganda
and training, this domain has nonetheless offered intelligence the opportunity to
gather information and detect patterns for terrorism-preventive purposes; an extensive
amount of knowledge concerning the activities, functionating and sometimes the
“targets” of terrorists can be deducted from cyberspace and internet communications.
Data concerning terrorist organizations can be gathered, compiled and analyzed in
order to come up with law enforcement strategies that would successfully counter-ter-
rorism.
Aside from intelligence and information compiling, the internet serves as a platform for
raising awareness and teaching preventive measures that could be taken in avoiding
terrorist-related propaganda and deceiving information. Moreover, counter-narrati-
ves offer opposing points of view and encourage constructive debates that can be

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dispersed into different languages, thus reaching a geographically broader audience
and indirectly helping take preventive measures towards cyber-terrorism.

IV. Bloc positions

A. International Multilateral Partnership Against Cyber Threats
IMPACT is a politically neautral and teìhe first comrpehensive public-private partnership
against cyber threats and attacks, and is a platform that unites governments from all
over the world for the aims of enhancing the international community’s abilities of
dealing with threats and possible crimes within cyberspace. IMPACT currently involved
152 countries, being the largest cyber-security alliance of its kind.
IMPACT became an official partner to the International Telecommunication Union
(specialized UN agency) in 2011, after signing a Cooperation Agreement. Under the
agreement with ITU, the alliance is responsible for assisting with cybersecurity and
support to the Union’s 193 members and to other UN organizations.

B. China & Russia: Majoy cyvber Offenders

A recent 2018 report, issued by the Center for Strategic International Studies
conducted in Washington, concluded that both China and Russia have been the two
greatest sources of cyber-attacks since the early 21st century. From 2006 to 2018,
China’s involvement in 108 cyber-attacks amounts to more than $1 million each,
affecting communications around Europe, such as cyber-espionage in 12 countries
and the theft of hundreds of millions of customers from U.S Hotel Chains. Russia has
been involved in 98 cyber-attacks since 2006 with each incident costing more than
$1 million, and these attacks involved the hacking of the Ukrainian Government &
NATO operations.
Indifferent to the type of cyber-attacks, they come at a great economic cost, especially
according to the public opinion; organizations and institutions that expose their users
to such attacks tend to lose these customers’ trust. By saying so, cyber-attacks highly
deter investors interested in new technologies.

V. Recommended sources for further research

What is Cyberinfrastructure?
“Module 14: Hacktivism, Terrorism, Espionage, Disinformation Campaigns and
Warfare in Cyberspace”, UNODC, [Link]
module-14/key-issues/[Link]

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“The United Nations, Cyberspace and International Peace and Security. Responding
to Complexity in the 21st Century.” UNIDIR, [Link]
pdfs/the-united-nations-cyberspace-and-international-peace-and-security-en-691.
pdf
“Significant Cyber Incidents”, Center for Strategic & International Studies, https://
[Link]/programs/technology-policy-program/significant-cyber-incidents
“Global Cyber Terrorism Incidents on the Rise”, Marsh & McLennan Companies,
[Link]
[Link]
Resolution 55/63, January 2001: Combating the Criminal Misuse of Information
Technologies
Resolution 56/121, January 2002: Combating the Criminal Misuse of Information
Technologies
Resolution 57/239, january 2003: Creation of a Global Culture of Cybersecurity
Resolution 58/199, January 2004: Creation of a Global Culture of Cybersecurity and
the protection of critical information infrastructures
Resolution 64/211, March 2010: Creation of a Global Culture of Cybersecurity and
taking Stock of National Efforts to protect Critical Information Infrastructures
“Progress on the implementation of recommendations related to strengthening
information and systems security across the Secretariat”, General Assembly, 2013,
[Link]

VI. Conclusions
In conclusion, it is highly extensive to consider the current and previous measures
taken to strengthen cyberinfrastructure that may have succeeded in preventing cy-
ber-terrorism. Nonetheless, what are the weaknesses of these measures and what
more can be done? Is the international community’s current efforts sufficient in
countering cyber-attacks? The delegate’s rols is to addess their country’s capabilities
in contributing to the process of fortifying cyberinfrastructure and countering cy-
ber-terrorism.
Additionally, the delegate must assess the general role of the UNODC’s CCPCJ in
encouraging countries and the global community to adopting and incorporating
preventive measures that may not necessarily strengthen cyberinfrastructure in itself,
but prevent possible cyber-attacks and crimes.

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VII. Questions a resolution should address
1. Is your country involved in the Global Alliance IMPACT?
2. Has your country, on any occasion, issued a statement defining or acknowledging
a definition for the following terms: cyber-infrastructure, terrorism or cyber-terrorism?
3. What measures has your country taken in strengthening cyberinfrastructure? Has
it adopted any preventive measures when it comes to cyber-security and countering
cyber-crime?
4. Has your country even been involved or affected, directly or indirectly, by a
cyber-crime or a cyber act of terrorism?
5. Is your country hosting a non-state actor or a terrorist organization involved in
cyber-crime, terrorist propaganda and/or cyber-terrorism?
6. How can your country, in case preventive measures were not successful, deal with
the repercussions of a cyber-attack?
7. What additional detailed measures could be achieved on an international basis in
strengthening cyberinfrastructure?
8. What significant role can your country take within the UNODC’s CCPCJ to contribute
int he efforts of strengthening cyber-infrastructure and consequently countering cy-
ber-terrorism & crime?

VIII. Bibliography
“China, Russia Biggest Cyber Offenders”. Radu, S., U.S News, 2018, [Link]
news/best-countries/articles/2019-02-01/china-and-russia-biggest-cyber-offenders-since-2006-
report-shows
“Countries Collaborate to Counter Cybercrime.” Boland, R., Signal, 2008, [Link]
content/countries-collaborate-counter-cybercrime
“Cyberterrorism.” UNODC, UNODC, The Doha Declaration: Promoting a Culture of Lawfulness, 2019,
[Link]
“The United Nations, Cyberspace and International Peace and Security. Responding to COmplexity
in the 21st Century.” UNIDIR, 2017, [Link]
[Link]
“The United Nations Doubles Its Workload on Cyber Norms, and Not Everyone is Pleased”, Net
Politics and Digital and Cyberspace Policy Program, Council on Foreign Relations, 2018, https://
[Link]/blog/united-nations-doubles-its-workload-cybernorms-and-not-everyone-pleased
“The Use of Internet for Terrorist Purposes”, UNODC, United Nations, 2012, [Link]
documents/frontpage/Use_of_Internet_for_Terrorist_Purposes.pdf
“Why is Cybersecurity so Hard?”, Daniel, M., Harvard Business Review, 2017, [Link]
org/2017/05/why-is-cybersecurity-so-hard

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TOPIC AREA B: ADVANCING CRIME
PREVENTION, CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND THE
RULE OF LAW: TOWARDS THE ACHIEVEMENT
OF THE 2030 AGENDA

I. Introduction
II. Timeline of the UN’s commitment to advancing crime prevention, criminal justice
and the rule of laww: towards the achievement of the 2030 Agenda
III. Discussion of the topic at hand
IV. Bloc positions
V. Recommended sources for further research
VI. Conclusions
VII. Questions a resolution should address
VIII. Bibliography

I. Introduction
The UNODC stipulates that the rule of law and functioning criminal justice systems
are a prerequisite to the fulfillment of the 2030 Agenda, or Sustainable Development
Goalds (SDGs). (UNODC and the 2030 Agenda) Not only are they a requirement for
the successful implementation as such (given that relevant themes are mentioned
in the Agenda itself), but they are also necessary for the full realization of said goals.
For example, if the criminal justice system does not provide footing for a goal such as
“clean water and sanitation” (Goal No. 6), though seemingly unrelated, it prevents an
exhaustive solution. It follows that for the goal to be addressed on all levels, criminal
acts that prevent access to clean water and sanitation should be effectively dealt with
in line with the principles of rule of law. Consequently, the CCPCJ is working towards
advancing crime prevention and improving and strengthening criminal justice systems
to fulfill the SDGs of the 2030 Agenda.
The approach the UNODC and CCPCJ take to achieving the SDGs is, therefore,
two-pronged. Primarily the potential harm which results from the commission of crimes
is underlined, which is why crime prevention is emphasized. The UNODC states that
there is evidence that sustainable development follows when thorough prevention

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strategies are employed, leading to an increase in the quality of life and safety of the
community in which they are applied. (Crime Prevention)
Secondly, the justice system itself needs to be adapted to meet the needs of sustainable
development while remaining adherent to requirements under the rule of law. The
principal role is to maintain peace and security while guaranteeing the humanitarian
rights of those who are subject to criminal rules. (Criminal Justice Reform). Overall,
the aim is to “assist member states in reforming their criminal justice systems in
order to be effective, fair and humane for the entire population.” (Crime Prevention
and Criminal Justice).
As previously alluded to, each of these approaches must respect the rule of law. The
United Nations understands the rule of law as the foundation for international peace
and underlines its connection to democracy while being a precursor to sustainable
development. (Resolution 73/185). It is the adherence to the law and the lack of
arbitrary influences on decisions made by governmental bodies. In other words, it is
legal certainty which adheres to humanitarian rights:
1. “All laws should be prospective, open, and clear.
2. Laws should be relatively stable.
3. The making of particular laws (particular legal orders) should be guided by open,
stable, clear and general rules.
4. The independence of the judiciary must be guaranteed.
5. The principles of natural justice must be observed.
6. The courts should have review powers over the implementation of the other
principles.
7. The courts should be easily accessible.
8. The Discretion of crime-preventing agencies should not be allowed to pervert the
law.” (Chemerinsky)
This background guide will discuss the two approaches in turn, particularly concerning
their interface with the 2030 Agenda. Each of these approaches is built upon the
belief that the maintenance of the rule of law is the foundation for sustainable
development in these areas. That being said, their interconnectivity nevertheless is
of great relevance.
It is not possible to effectively address issues within crime prevention, criminal justice
or the rule of law independently, without viewing them in the forum in which they
exist. Any isolated response would leave the wider aim of sustainability unaddressed
and efforts would become ineffective as they would just migrate to another area. The
criminal process includes the above mentioned elements and usually problems are
permeated throughout. Additionally, a flexible response which can address country
specific needs is of fundamental importance.

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Finally, it is worth mentioning that in this Background guide the terms 2030 Agenda
and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will be used interchangeably.

II. Timeline of the UN’s commitment to advancing crime

prevention, criminal justice and the rule of law: towards the
achievement of the 2030 Agenda
Date Resolution type Content
12 April 2015
th
Doha Declaration Calls for: “Resilient,reliable and transparent institutions: Strengthe-
Crime Congress (Doha ning judicial integrity and preventing corruption in the justice
Declaration) system.
Fair, humane and effective criminal justice systems: Fostering the
rehabilitation and social integration of prisoners to provide a
second chance in life.
Youth crime prevention: Preventing youth crime through spor-
ts-based programmes and life skills training“ (UNODC The
Doha Declaration)
25th September General Assembly Places importance on the cross-border impact issues in areas
2015 Resolution such a crime prevention, criminal justice and the rule of law.
A/RES/70/1 Additionally, the need for inter-agency cooperation is stressed.
The Doha Declaration is also referred to, due to its substantive
relevance to the CCPCJ.
2016 CCPCJ Resolution Underlines the importance of safeguarding sustainable deve-
25/3 lopment and encourages member states to integrate sustai-
nable practice into their criminal justice system, particularly
concerning promoting sustainable tourism while maintaining
strong protection against terrorism. (Collaboration with World
Tourism Organization)
2nd July 2018 ECOSOC Resolution Reaffirms commitment to the 2030 Agenda and reiterates that
E/Res/2018/17 it “includes the commitment to promoting peaceful and inclu-
sive societies for sustainable development, providing access to
justice for all and building effective, accountable and inclusive
institutions at alJ levels;” (ECOSOC Resolution 2018/17 Art. 1)
2nd July 2018 ECOSOC Resolution The importance of the CCPCJ in the attainment of sustainable
E/Res/2018/15 development is emphasized while viewing the SDGs as a whole
rather than individual goals. The ECOSOC views the CCPCJ as
the coordinator between institutions and member states, which
through this resolution are encouraged to take advantage of
the CCPCJ.
17th December General Assembly Adopts the same position as in ECOSOC Resolution E/
2018 Resolution Res/2018/15.
A/RES/73/185

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17th December General Assembly In addition to what stated in the previously mentioned resolu-
2018 Resolution tions with respect to the status and competences of the CCPCJ,
A/RES/73/183 this resolution enhances the mandate of the CCPCJ to more
fully address the SDGs.
17th December ECOSOC Resolution Focuses on the interface between the rule of law and sustai-
2018 E/Res/2019/18 nable development and encourages member states to ensure
these in their policies.

III. Discussion of the topic at hand

Generally, when it comes to advances in the areas which are illustrated in this section,
the opposing positions are, on the one hand, the will to punish those who commit
offenses as to deter them from committing them again and on the other hand, the
aim to heal the community in the long term and prevent crime through social efforts
given the high reoffense rate in countries with a more punitive system.
There is disagreement about which is more effective, however, especially within the
UNODC, restorative justice (the latter) has been gaining more traction. (Criminal
Justice Reform) These are both evident in the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
approaches to effectively addressing the SDGs. However, given that the focus is on
sustainability, the focal point should be the success of society in the long run, rather
than the needs of individuals.

A. Crime Prevention
The UNODC employs various methods in which efforts to advance crime prevention
are realized. There are the creation of tools such as unified standards and norms,
the provision of technical assistance, the creation of projects and finally inter-agency
coordination. For each of these, there can be some overlap.
The creation of tools, such as unified standards and norms: this includes training
manuals for the actors in the criminal justice system, strategies to foster safety
in a community and the reintegration of offenders into the community (Tools and
Publications).
Technical Assistance: the UNODC assists member states in identifying problems and
creating a strategy to resolve them on a case by case basis. This involves a local
approach to problems, an Integrated Crime Prevention Action Plan (ICPAP) to address
all points of possible conflict within the criminal process and employs active support
by competent authorities at all levels. (Crime Prevention Technical Assistance) The
goal is to have a holistic approach to crime prevention from all possible fronts.

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Projects: For more intensive problems the UNODC creates projects which deal with
broader issues such as the ‘Vocational training, social and labour (re)integration’
project in Honduras. (Crime Prevention Projects) Some projects directly related to
the 2030 Agenda also exist, however, these are not currently at the forefront of the
UNODC’s program. Inter-Agency Coordination: As mentioned in various resolutions of
section II, the CCPCJ has been implored to foster cooperation between agencies in the
name of sustainable development when improving the functioning of substantively
related actions. (Interagency Coordination) For example, there is a ‘United Nations
Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group’ which has connected nine UN bodies
to further the rule of law through their actions.

B. Criminal Justice
Various concerns have been recognized as universal when it comes to giving effect
to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. These are police and judiciary reform,
alternatives to imprisonment and the application of restorative justice.
Police Reform: Problems with the discretionary powers, corruption and adequate
response to the crime of police officer are faced in many nations around the world.
Countries are aiming to increase ‘oversight, accountability, and integrity’ within their
police force to address this (Criminal Justice Reform).
Judiciary: Here upholding the rule of law is very important. The goal is to ensure that
the judiciary does not act arbitrarily and upholds the law of its jurisdiction (Criminal
Justice Reform).
Alternatives to imprisonment: Due to the large reoffense rate which countries
experience once prisoners leave imprisonment the spotlight has fallen on alternatives
to imprisonment to prevent recidivism. Some possible perpetrators which have been
pointed to are bad conditions, a lack of support for prisoners and prison overcrowding
to name a few (Criminal Justice Reform).
Restorative Justice: “Restorative justice is an approach to criminal offending which
involves the victim, the offender, their social networks, justice agencies, and the
community. Restorative justice programmes are based on the fundamental principle
that criminal behavior not only violates the law but also injured victims and the
community. Any efforts to address the consequences of criminal behavior should,
where possible, involve the offender as well as injured parties, whilst also providing
the help and support that the victim and offender require.” (Criminal Justice Reform)
Subsequently, the goal is to heal the community as best as possible.

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IV. Bloc positions
The country you are representing will have their position depend on whether they
believe a more confrontational and punitive approach to addressing criminal acts
is effective in the long run or whether a more restorative approach which focuses
on repairing the damage done to a community and all actors involved, such as the
victims and the perpetrators, is more effective in guaranteeing the values contained
within the 2030 Agenda. One way in which you can find this is though examining how
your country treats its prisones: are they put in prison to be punished or is it meant
to heal them as to reintegrate them into society? From this point on you will be able
to see what your country would like to bring to the international stage to foster crime
prevention and to build a successful criminal justice system, which addresses the
needs of a community to maintain stability.
You have to look at three factors to successfully build your argument:
1. What is my policy?
2. Why is this the solution to fulfillin the 2030 Agenda?
3. How can this be implemented on a large scale (propose concrete solutions)?
In summary, the argument is based on policy and the most important thing is that you
argue why your proposed solution will reap the most benefits for the fulfillment of the
SDGs.

V. Recommended sources for further research

Primary sources:
The Doha Declaration: [Link]
V1504151_English.pdf
General Assembly Resolution A/RES/70/1: [Link]
[Link]?symbol=A/RES/70/1
CCPCJ Resolution 25/3: [Link]
CCPCJ_Sessions/CCPCJ_25/2016_Resolutions_Decisions/03.CCPCJ_2016/
Resolution_25_3.pdf
ECOSOC Resolution E/RES/2018/17: [Link]
asp?symbol=E/RES/2018/17
ECOSOC Resolution E/RES/2018/15: [Link]
asp?symbol=E/RES/2018/15
General Assembly Resolution A/RES/73/185: [Link]
view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/73/185

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General Assembly Resolution A/RES/73/183: [Link]
view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/73/183
ECOSOC Resolution E/RES/2019/18: [Link]
asp?symbol=E/RES/2019/18

2030 Agenda:
UNODC on SDGs: [Link]/unodc/en/sustainable-development-goals/index.
html

Crime Prevention:
Tools: [Link]
menuside
Technical Assistance: [Link]
[Link]
Projects: [Link]
[Link]
Inter-agency collaboration: [Link]
form/[Link]?ref=menuside

Criminal Justice Reform:

General (explore this page, it includes a lot of information which is relevant): https://
[Link]/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/[Link]

Rule of Law:
General Assembly Resolution A/RES/67/1: [Link]
[Link]
[Link]

VI. Conclusions
Overall, as a delegate, it will be your job to identify what needs to be done to improve
the CCPCJ and UNODC’s response to fulfilling the 2030 Agends and to specify the
direction which should be taken. Should there be more punitive measures? Or should
prevention play a stronger role? How can sustainable practices be better incorporated
into the policies of international organizations, member states and how can the UNODC

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facilitate these? While it is given that there will be a composite of various available
approaches, what remains to be discussed is where the balance between the various
approaches falls. You should be able to develop the response of the CCPCJ on each
front which has been mentioned in this background guide.
This means that you need to identify what your country perceives to be weaknesses
in the current polocy as to more effectively fulfill the SDGs.

VII. Questions a resolution should address

1. Does the country you are representing prefer a more punitive, restorative or tran-
sformative approach to crime and justice?
2. What impact does this position have on the functioning of your country’s national
criminal justice system?
3. When it comes to the 2030 Agenda, what is the general position of your country
on implementing these goals?
4. Where is the overlap between the 2030 Agenda and Criminal Justice and Crime
Prevention?
5. What is your country’s stance on upholding the rule of law?

6. When it comes to crime prevention what sort of measures does your country
prefer? And, what sort of measures would your country like to be carried over to an
international level, to be widely available to other states?
7. With respect to the last question, what sort of impact will this have on furthering
the SDGs and what measures will be most effective when fulfilling these goals?
8. When it comes to the criminal justice process, what is your country’s position on
the way it should be conducted?
9. How does this address the needs of the 2030 Agenda?

VIII. Bibliography
“About.” The Doha Declaration, UNODC, [Link]/dohadeclaration/en/index/[Link]
“Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.” UNODC, UNODC, 2020 [Link]
en/justice-and-prison-reform/[Link]?ref=menuside
“Crime Prevention Projects.” UNODC, UNODC, 2020, [Link]/unodc/en/justice-and-pri-
son-reform/[Link]

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“Crime Prevention Technical Assistance.” UNODC, UNODC, 2020, [Link]/unodc/en/justi-
ce-and-prison-reform/[Link]
“Crime Prevention.” UNODC, UNODC, 2020, [Link]/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/
[Link]?ref=menuside
“Criminal Justice Reform.” UNODC, UNODC, 2020, [Link]/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-re-
form/[Link]
“Interagency Coordination.” UNODC, UNODC, 2020, [Link]/unodc/en/justice-and-pri-
son-reform/[Link]?ref=menuside
“Tools and Publications.” UNODC, UNODC, 2020, [Link]/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-re-
form/[Link]?ref=menuside
“UNODC and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.” UNODC, UNODC,2020, [Link].
org/unodc/en/sustainable-development-goals/[Link]
Chemerinsky, Erwin. “Toward a Practical Definition of the Rule of Law.” Judges’ Journal, vol. 46, no.
4, Fall 2007, p. 4-8 p. 5
Economic and Social Council resolution 2018/17, The rule of law, crime prevention and criminal
justice in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals, E/RES/2018/17 (2 July 2018),
available from [Link]
General Assembly resolution 73/185, The rule of law, crime prevention and criminal justice in the
context of the Sustainable Development Goals, A/RES/73/185 (17 December 2018), available
from [Link]
United Nations, 13th Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Doha Declaration, (12-19
April 2015), available from [Link]
[Link]

19 Future We Want
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