GEOLOGICAL MAP
DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION
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Geological map – what is it?
Geological map is a scale-down interpretation of
the structure of selected area of the upper part
of the Earth crust usually drawn on the
topographic base (sometimes on DEM).
Geological map shows (using various colors and
symbols) the rocks and boundary between them
that would be seen on the Earth´s surface if the
soils were removed.
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Purpose of geological maps
To explore natural resources (raw material, underground water,
water, geothermal eneregy…)
To locate rocks of particular age, lithology, structure …
To reconstruct the geologic history of area
To estimate composition and character of soil
To identified natural hazards
To estimate physical parameters of rocks for engineering geology
To locate places with bedrocks suitable for waste disposal
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The geological maps can be used for academic
reasons (how our planet and life were formed)
but in fact geological maps are essential to
economic development not only of individual
countries but whole continents.
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Oldest geological maps are related to mining
Old mines in Nubia (1300 BC)
Map of ore veins in
Joachimsthal (1830)
Central Europe
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First geological maps could be dated to the
end of the 18th century
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Geological maps are usually produced
by Governmental institutions
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Map produced on topographic base of state map
serie in defined sheet index
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Special map focused on selected region or topic,
not strictly limited to state map serie
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Geologic map is an interpretative (subjective)
work
Techniques for map compilation must be defined to
compare various geological maps
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Uniform classification of rocks
Uniform classification of tectonic phenomena
Uniform steps of outcrop´s description
Uniform legend
…
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Layout of geological maps
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Author(s) TITLE Map No & Name
LITOSTRATIGRAPHIC
COLUMN
LEGEND
MAP FRAME
(KEY)
AND
GEOLOGICAL MAP ITSELF
Supplementary
information
Imprint Scale Imprint
Map Sheet
GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTION Index
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Czech Geological Survey Name of institution
Base Geological Map of the Czech Republic 1 : 25, 000
Name of map work or set
Geological Map
Type of map
Compiled by: V. Prouza
Name(s) of Author(s)
03-413 Semily
No. and name of map sheet
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Left Imprint
Quotation of the map (in international standard)
Co-autors (names)
Editor in Chief and Technical Editor (name(s))
Technical processing (name(s))
Aproval (name of responsible person, date)
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Right Imprint
Information about map projection and coordinate system
Copyright for topographic base
Copyright for geological data
Name of workplace, year of proccesing
Number of prints
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Scale
Graphic and numeric expression of
scale
Information about contour interval
Could be completed by northstar,
ussually with combination with
magnetic declination
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WGS84
Local grid
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Position of map sheet in
State topographic basemap
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Review of Geological Mapping Review of Geological Units Net of faults
Geophysical schemes
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Litostratigraphic column
depicts relationships between
litostratigraphically defined
units exposed on the maps
and known from the footwall.
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Legend explains way of
graphic representation of
geological phenomena
depicted on geological map
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Geological cross section interprets geological structure to the depth
along the line assigned in the map. It is at the same scale as the map.
Important topographic
points (spot height,
Altitude rivers…)
Borehole
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Geological map interprets geological structure of
given area of the Earth´s surface and contains:
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Areal distribution of geological bodies and its boundaries
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Course of faults and others tectonic lines on the Earth´s
surface
Inferred fault
Fault
Reverse fault
Nappe
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Small scale tectonic elements representing structure of
geological units
Bedding
Foliation
Cleavage
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Zones of thermal and hydrotermal alterations
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Existence of important ancient weathering
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Important paleontological findings (localities)
Fossil fauna
Fossil vertebrata
Microfossil Fossil flora
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Important geodynamic phenomena
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Important water and mineral water springs
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Selected recent and historic mines
Abondoned Abondoned
quarry Abandoned
mine Active Abandoned clay-pit
quarry sand-pit
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Important boreholes and geological localities
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Line of geological cross section
End-points are situated on
the map´s rim. Left rim of
crossection is situated
westerly
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To summarize
geological map
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Geological map bears information about
areal distribution of rocks and its boundaries
tectonics
paleontology
hydrotermal processes and weathering
Completed by information about
hydrogeology
geodynamic phenomena
and minig
GEOLOGICAL MAP itself and LEGEND are crucial
parts of printed map sheet
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