TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
EXPOSITORY/INFORMATIVE SPEECH
aims to provide the audience with information about a topic or to expand their knowledge about a topic
with which they are already familiar
Types of Informative Speeches
Descriptive Speech
provides a vivid picture of a person, a place, or an object
provides an image of the subject in the audience’s minds through sensory details such as sight,
sound, smell, touch, and taste
Explanation Speech
explains or defines a concept, term, or an abstract topic
provides facts, etymology of words or concepts, classification, examples, and others relevant
details.
Demonstration Speech
presents information about how to do something or how something is done
gives the audience detailed information of a certain process
Characteristics of an Expository or Informative Speech
Credible
Accurate
Clear
Memorable
Guide Questions
What is the topic in the speech?
What kind of expository/informative speech is it?
What characteristics of expository speech are exemplified in the speech?
What makes the speech interesting and worth listening to?
If you were in the audience, would you have easily believed the information presented by the
speaker? Why or why not?
PERSUASIVE SPEECH
aims to influence the audience to accept the speaker’s position or stand on an issue
examples: sales pitches, political campaign talks, business presentations, and debates
Kinds of Persuasive Speech
Convincing Speech
the speaker attempts to convince the audience to adopt his or her way of thinking or to change
the way they think about things
Actuation Speech
designed to urge the audience to take a particular action
the speaker seeks to persuade the audience to start doing the action now
Guidelines in Writing a Persuasive Speech
Determine your goal.
Know your audience.
Organize the information.
Provide strong evidence.
ARGUMENTATIVE SPEECH
is a type of speech where the speaker takes a position on a controversial issue and presents arguments
to persuade the audience to adopt a similar view point. The goal is to convince the audience through
logical reasoning, evidence, and emotional appeal.
TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO DELIVERY
READING FROM A MANUSCRIPT
also known as a manuscript speech
reading a prepared text or manuscript to an audience
usually given when the manuscript will be part of an official record wherein extremely careful
wording is required
delivered over a podium or lectern
Advantages Disadvantages
No single and essential word is left The speech may sound mechanical or forced
out. and unnatural.
All significant points are covered The audience may quickly get bored or
and conveyed. uninterested.
The speaker is limited in his or her use of
nonverbal cues.
The speaker is unable to react to the
audience's nonverbal cues.
Manuscript speeches are most advantageous for:
1. Public figures
2. Media personalities
3. Spokespersons for governments and private organizations
Guidelines in Reading from a Manuscript
Outline and write the speech well.
Format your speech properly.
Practice your speech.
Vary your voice.
Look at your audience from time to time.
MEMORIZED SPEECH
requires the speaker to commit the speech to memory
should be short
requires the speaker to work harder on facial expressions and tone of voice
usually used by skilled speakers
appropriate for relatively short speeches such as when presenting/accepting an award, making
an announcement, giving opening or closing remarks, or introducing a speaker
Advantages Disadvantages
It may improve the It takes a long time to memorize unless the speaker has a
speaker's memory. very keen memory.
It allows the speaker to It requires more effort to speak from memory than to
plan his or her read from a manuscript.
nonverbal cues. It can sound mechanical and unnatural since the speaker
It allows the speaker to may tend to concentrate on remembering words that
concentrate on visual come next rather than on communicating their ideas to
aids and props. the audience.
It develops a sense of It can break a speaker's train of thought and may cause
confidence in the embarrassment to the speaker when he or she forgets
speaker. certain words or lines in the speech.
Delivering a Memorized Speech
can help you achieve a smooth and effortless delivery
minimizes distractions caused by looking at a manuscript/notes
can help you maintain eye contact, establish rapport, and interact with the audience
great for special occasions
used for introducing a guest, accepting an award, giving a eulogy, toast, or tribute
Tips in Delivering a Memorized Speech
Keep it short. Make it brief and concise. When you write it, pattern it on the way you speak.
Practice. Read the speech repeatedly until you memorize it. Practice your delivery as well. Do it
in front of a mirror to work on your facial expressions and gestures.
Visualize. Assign an image that you can easily associate with a word or part of the speech that
you have trouble with. This will help you remember the content of the speech.
Project your voice. When practicing your speech, stand straight with your head up, take deep
breaths, and project your voice toward the back of the room.
Use pauses appropriately. A pause may create a dramatic effect or build suspense. It can also
give the audience time to reflect on your speech.
IMPROMPTU SPEECH
delivered with little or no preparation
generally brief and unrehearsed
Instances: speeches during occasions, recitations in class, or add/refute to what a classmate has
said
Strategies in Organizing an Impromptu Speech
Opening-Rule of Three-Clincher
has a compelling opening
lists down three reasons that support the opening
clincher - should summarize the points and wrap up the speech well
Past-Present-Future
states analogies
best strategy to use to showcase the improvement of something over time
Point-Reason-Example/Explanation-Point
employs the use of recollection
starts with the main point then provides the reason behind it
explains the reason to support the main point
restates the main point and states the conclusion
Tips on Delivering an Impromptu Speech
Think first before speaking. Pause for two to three seconds as you gather thoughts and reflect
on what you want to say.
Consider the three major parts of a speech. Think of a short introduction, body, and conclusion
for your speech.
Identify your main point. Think of the main idea that you would like to convey to the audience.
Then, build your speech around that main idea and provide supporting details, such as reasons
or examples.
Use signposts. Help the audience keep track of your points by using signposts, such as “First, I
would like to say . . .,” “My second point is . . .,” or “Finally, I would like to . . .”
Keep your speech short. Impromptu speeches are generally short, so be mindful of the time and
only say what is essential.
Be confident. Speak with conviction, and act and talk naturally. This way, the audience will be
more likely to perceive you as a credible speaker.
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
involves preparing an outline or notes before delivery
does not require the speaker to read a manuscript word for word
does not require the speaker to memorize the speech
uses the speech outline or prepared notes as a guide, with the speaker elaborating on the topic
using his/her own words
Other Characteristics of an Extemporaneous Speech
It sounds natural.
Its exact wording is chosen while the speech is being given.
It gives the speaker the chance to practice the flow of the speech using the outline or notes.
It allows the speaker to freely interact with the audience.
It is flexible.
Three Steps in Studying Your Extemporaneous Topic
1. Identify the type of extemporaneous question that you have to answer.
Is it a question of fact? Does it revolve around whether something is true or not?
Is it a question of value? Does it center on whether the topic is good or bad, moral
or immoral, just or unjust?
Is it a question of policy? Does it focus on what policy or rule should be followed?
2. Determine if your topic is informative or persuasive.
3. Stick to your topic and look at all sides and angles of the problem.
Prepare the notes and outline. Instead of an outline, you may also use a graphic organizer, such
as a flowchart or a concept map, if this suits your topic or purpose better.
Rehearse your speech using the notes and outline. Familiarize yourself with your notes so that
you can internalize the flow of your speech.
Speak in a natural manner. While delivering your speech, talk as if you are conversing with
someone. Use shorter sentences and speak clearly in a friendly tone. Make eye contact with the
audience and only look at your notes from time to time.
Pay attention to the audience’s nonverbal cues. For example, if you see that they look
confused, you may elaborate on an idea by giving examples or restating a point.
