Principles of Web Designing Notes

Unit:1 HTML & GRAPHICS 15--hours

HTML & Graphics: HTML 4.0 Tag Reference, Global Attributes, Event Handlers, Document

Structure Tags, Formatting Tags, List Tags, Hyperlinks, Image & Image map, Table Tags,

Form Tags, Frame Tags, Executable Content Tags. Image Maps, Advanced Graphics, Tables,

Frames, Forms & Style Sheets..

Unit:2 XML 10--hours

XML: Introduction to XML, Problems with HTML & SGML. Types of XML Markup.

Document Type Definitions, Linking, Using Style Sheets with XML, XML Summary

Unit:3 JAVA SCRIPTING 10--hours

Introduction to Java Scripting, Web Browser Object Model, Manipulating Windows & Frames

with Java Script. Using Java Script to create smart forms. Cookies and State Maintenance:

Maintaining State, Introduction to Cookies, Advantages and limitations of Cookies,

Disadvantages

of Cookies, How to Use Cookies, which Servers and Browsers support Cookies. Introductionto

DHTML. Advanced Netscape DHTML, Advanced Microsoft DHTML & Cross browser DHTML.

Unit:4 CGI & SERVER SIDE SCRIPTING 15--hours

CGI & Server side scripting, CGI & the WWW, Beyond HTML with CGI, How CGI works.

CGI Server requirements for WINDOWS-NT & UNIX, CGI script structure, Standard CGI

Environment Variables, CGI Libraries, Java Servlets, Server-SidePage 50 of [Link].

Information Technology Syllabus w.e.f. 2022-23 onwards - Affiliated Colleges - Annexure No.44F

SCAA DATED: 23.06.2021

Unit:5 JAVA SCRIPT 8—hours

Java Script.-Web Database Tools, ORACLE & MS-ACCESS, Database tools, PHP, Server Side

includes. Visual Basic, Scripting Edition & Active Server Page

AN INTRODUCTION TO WEB DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES

 Web development technologies refer to the multitude of programming languages and

tools that are used to produce dynamic and fully-featured websites and applications.
 Web development is basically the tasks associated with developing websites for hosting
via intranet or internet.
 The web development process involves web design, web content development, and
client-side/server-side scripting and network security configuration.
 Web content is the textual, visual or aural content that is encountered as part of the
user experience on web sites.
 It may include, among other things: text, images, sounds, videos and animations.

Front-end (client-side) technologies:

Front-end technologies are for the “client side” of your website or application. They’re used to
develop the interactive components of your website, and produce the elements that users see
and interact with. This includes text colours and styles, images, buttons, and navigation menus.

Back-end (server-side) technologies.

Back-end technologies are for the “server side” of your website or application. They’re for
developing thetechnical foundation. They store and arrange data and make sure everything on
the front-end works.

For example, when a user provides login credentials to a social media application, back-end
technologies are

used to check if those credentials are accurate. Once the credentials are verified, the server will
send back the

profile name, picture, and other associated information.

Front-end Technologies:

1. HTML

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It’s one of the fundamental technologies
required for web development. It provides the base structure for a web page. HTML code
ensures that all the content on a websiteis properly formatted. This is so your Internet browser
can display the content as intended. Without HTML, a browser couldn’t display text or load
images and other elements.

HTML5, the most current version of HTML, specifies a large number of Application
Programming Interfaces

(API integration services) that can be used with JavaScript for a more interactive and dynamic
website:

Canvas: Canvas is an HTML5 element used to draw images and shapes and manipulate them. It
can also be used for more complex cases such as game graphics and [Link]: II [Link]
IT 22CIU18-Principles of Web Designing 8

Web Storage: Web Storage is used to store information right in the browser. Some examples of
this would be storing user login information and saving user preferences for a website.

Service workers: Service workers enable a script that keeps running in the background when a
web page is opened and is mainly used in websites with offline capabilities. It makes pages
available offline and allows for the use of web push notifications. It can send these notifications
even when your browser isn’t open.

Web Sockets: Web Sockets allows for persistent two-way connection between the user and the
server. The most common use cases include chats and notifications in web apps.

2. CSS

Cascading Style Sheets, abbreviated as CSS, define the style and aesthetics of a web page. While
HTML is used to structure a web page, CSS specifies the appearance of that structure. This
includes page layouts, colours, fonts and element positioning. If HTML is the bones of the web
page, CSS is the skin. It makes the Internet, and your website, look good.

3. JavaScript: The Multi tasker

JavaScript is more than just a language — it’s an entire ecosystem that spans frameworks, task
runners, server-side development, and more.

Back-End Tools Technology

1. Languages & Frameworks

A variety of programming languages and frameworks are involved in building the software aka
back-end.
Frameworks are libraries of pre-written code with a pre-imposed structure that a back-end
developer can use according to the requirements and needs. Whereas, a programming
language is a superset of scripting languages like Ruby, Java, Python, PHP, Perl, Erlang, and
[Link] which can be used to write instructions for execution.

2. Web Servers

Web servers are computer programs that store, process and deliver web pages to the users.
The most popular ones include Apache (an open-source web server which is currently used by
50% of all websites) and NGINX which is good for reverse proxying, caching, load balancing and
media streaming processes.

3. Database Management Systems

A Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enables its users to
access a database,manipulate, interpret and represent data. MySQL is the world’s most popular
openClass: II [Link] IT 22CIU18-Principles of Web Designing

It’s not only accessible but also free. Its ease of setup and speedy performances make it a
favorite among many backend developers.

ADVANTAGES:

Web Technology have led to :

 Web development Evolution of web-based communities : social-networking sites, video-

sharing sites,wikis, blogs.

 Business Revolution

CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED USING WEB TECHNOLOGIES

 Limited Interactivity

 Lack of Skills

 Security Risks

 Browser Compatibility

 Lack of Web Development Tools

 Standardization
INTRODUCTION TO HTML LANGUAGE:

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, HTML is the standard markup language for
creating Web [Link] describes the structure of a Web page , HTML consists of a series of
elements ,HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is used to design web pages using markup
language. HTML is the combination of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext defines the
link between the web pages.

Markup language is used to define the text document within tag which defines the structure of
web pages.

This language is used to annotate (make notes for the computer) text so that a machine can
understand it and manipulate text accordingly. Most markup languages (e.g. HTML) are human
readable. Language uses tags to define what manipulation has to be done on the text.

Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render
the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page
semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and
other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML
provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text
such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items.

HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such as <img /> and
<input />directly introduce content into the page. Other tags such as <p> surround and provide
information about document text and may include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not
display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.
INTRODUCTION TO HTML 4.0/XHTML:

HTML is a descriptive language that helps convert text into hypertext by adding special code, These
special code are called tags or elements.

The tags tell an HTML interpreter, such as a browser, how to display the HTML document.
There are various tags that we can use to format an HTML document. For example, we can use
tags to represent text in boldface, italics or a list. When we enclose text within tags, it becomes
an element.

An element is used to describe the contents in an HTML document. Elements are the main
markup components.
Each element represents a piece of data that is identified by a tag.
HTML tags not case sensitive and following a consistent casing is not required. However,
keeping all tags in upper case is common practice. This helps differentiate tags from the text in
a document.

Rules and Standards:

We need follow certain rules and standards when designing an HTML document. An
HTML document should:
 Be enclosed within the container<HTML> element.
 Have a title that identifies the document. The title should reflect the contents of the document.
 Be signed and dated so that the author can be contacted. The date is important for the user to
know that
the latest information is being displayed.
 Contain certain annotations that make it clear and readable for others.

Examples of some HTML elements:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>Class: II [Link] IT 22CIU18-Principles of Web Designing

Element standards:
• HTML elements are defined in a series of freely available open standards issued since 1995,
initially by the IETF and subsequently by the W3C.
• During the browser wars of the 1990s, developers of user agents (e.g. web browsers) often
developed their own elements, some of which have been adopted in later standards. Other user
agents may not recognize non-standard elements, and they will be ignored, possibly causing the
page to be displayedimproperly.
• In 1998, XML (a simplified form of SGML) introduced mechanisms to allow anyone to develop
their own elements and incorporate them in XHTML documents, for use with XML-aware user
agents.
• Subsequently, HTML 4.01 was rewritten in an XML-compatible form, XHTML 1.0 (eXtensible
HTML). The elements in each are identical, and in most cases valid XHTML 1.0 documents will
be valid or nearly valid HTML 4.01 documents. This article mainly focuses on real HTML, unless
noted otherwise; however, it remains applicable to XHTML. See HTML for a discussion of the
minordifferences between the two.

BASIC DOCUMENT STRUCTURE OF HTML4.0/XHTML

Before started adding content to our document, there's a basic structure we need to set up in
our file. This structure isn't only required for our document to be compliant but will also allow you
to provide useful information about our document.
The basic structure of any HTML document consists of the following sections or elements:
• The DTD (!DOCTYPE declaration).
• The main container (html element).
• The head section (head element).
• The body section (body element).
Every page available on the internet includes HTML tags. These tags help display content
online with a clear and open perspective, which can always be moderated and altered.
The opening and closing elements change, but the tags remain the same. The tags are inserted
before and at the end of the sentences, enabling them to be formatted on the page. An ideal
webpage consists of three main and essential
 Title
 Head
 Body

i) The Doctype Declaration:

Every HTML document must begin with a basic declaration that identifies its type. This is a very
useful measure that informs browsers beforehand, what type of document they are about to
process, allowing them to adjust their processing mechanisms accordingly.
The DTD is inserted using a special tag (!DOCTYPE) that takes a particular form for each
document type. This
declaration can only be present at the beginning of the document.
The DOCTYPE declaration is made before the <HTML> tag and is used to define the version of
HTML in use.
A DOCTYPE declaration must be specified on the first line of each web document:
The DOCTYPE tells the web browser which version of HTML the page is written in. In this class,
we will be using ‘XHTML Transitional’, which allows us a little flexibility.
Example:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN“
"[Link]
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>My first HTML document</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<P>Hello world!
</BODY>
</HTML>

The <HTML> tag is the first tag in every HTML document. This tag indicates that the content of
a file is in the HTML document. This tag is mandatory in all HTML documents.
If we do not use the <HTML> tag, a browser does not identify the content as HTML text and,
therefore, does not display anything. The HTML element immediately follows the prologue
document identifier to identify the document as an HTML document.

The prologue document identifier also provides information about the HTML specification to
which thedocument conforms. This information is useful when we want to ensure that the HTML
specification we use is compatible with the browser used by majority of people who will read our
HTML document, We can choose not to specify the document identifier when browser
compatibility is not an issue.

Here the <html> element tells the browser that the page will be formatted in HTML and,
optionally, which world language the page content is in.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Title of the document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

iii)The Head ElementClass:

The HEAD element is used to present different kinds of information about the HTML document,
The elements related to the HEAD element are:

 BASE
 TITLE
 META

We can use these elements to provide important information about the HTML page to
the web browser. No specific order is required.
The BASE Element
We use the BASE element to specify the base address of an HTML document. This
prevents the document from
being read out of context. All partial URL’s that are referenced within the document are
resolved relative to this
base address. The base element uses the HREF attribute to identify the base URL.
For example:
<BASE HREF = [Link]
The TITLE Element:
We use the TITLE element to specify the title of an HTML page. The TITLE element is a
string that identifies the contents of the document.
The title is displayed in the title bar of the browser window. We can add the title of an
HTML page to the Favorites or Bookmark list of our browser.
Ex:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
This is my home page
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
The META ElementClass:
We use the META element to specify the information that is not defined by the other
elements in the HTML page. We can use META element to indicate how an Internet-
based search engine should index the HTML document.
The <META> tag has the following attributes:
 The NAME Attribute:
We can this attribute to provide the META – Information name to the browser. If the
NAME attribute is missing from the HEAD element, the NAME attribute is assumed as
equal to the value of HTTP-EQUIV.
 The HTTP-EQUIV Attribute:
We use the HTTP-EQUIV attribute to set or retrieve information to bind the content of a
META tag to an
HTTP response header.
An HTTP server reads the content of the HTML document head to generate response
headers corresponding to any elements defining a value for this attribute.
Example:
<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV = “ Refresh” CONTENT = 10>
<TITLE> HTTP-EQUIV examples</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This document will load itself once every 10 seconds.
</BODY>
 The CONTENT Attribute:
We can use the CONTENT attribute to set or retrieve meta-information to associate with
the HTTP-EQUIV
or NAME attributes.
For example:
The following code specifies the author name of an HTML document:
<META NAME = “Author” CONTENT = “William”>

iv) The BODY Element

The entire content in an HTML page are contained with the <BODY>….</BODY>
[Link] <BODY> tag forms the main body of an HTML page. We can use the <BODY>
tag to specify the background color and margins of the text in an HTML [Link]:
<BODY>
Document text here
</BODY>
The BODY element has three attributes:
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
 The BGCOLOR Attribute
This attribute is used to specify a background color for an HTML page. All 256 colors are
represented as a combination of the primary colors: red, green and blue. We can also
specify a color name, such as red, yellow or black

Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR = “ #RRGGBB”>
Document text here
</BODY>
 The LEFTMARGIN Attribute:
This attribute is used to set the left-hand margin for an HTML page. Setting a left
[Link] a left margin indents text relative to the left margin of the page.
<BODY LEFTMARGING ‘ “60”>
This document is indented 60 pixels from the left margin of the page.
</BODY>
 The TOPMARGIN Attribute
This attribute is used to set the top margin for an HTML page. Setting a top margin
indents the text relative to the top of the page.
<BODY TOPMARGIN = “60”>
This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>
HTML & Graphics

HTML 4.0 extends HTML with mechanisms for style sheets, scripting, frames, embedding
objects, improved support for right to left and mixed direction text, richer tables, and
enhancements to forms, offering improved accessibility for people with disabilities.

1.<img> - Embeds an image in the document.

Html:

<img src="[Link]" alt="Description of image" width="100" height="100">

2.<map> - Defines a client-side image map.

Html:

<map name="example">

<area shape="rect" coords="0,0,100,100" href="[Link]" alt="Area 1">

<area shape="circle" coords="150,150,50" href="[Link]" alt="Area 2">

</map>

3. <area> - Defines an area inside an image map.

Html:

<area shape="rect" coords="0,0,100,100" href="[Link]" alt="Clickable area">

4.<object> - Embeds an external object, such as an image, audio, video, Java applet, or Flash
animation.

Html:

<object data="[Link]" width="400" height="300" type="application/x-shockwave-flash">

<param name="movie" value="[Link]">

</object>

5.<param> - Provides parameters for <object>.

Html:

<param name="autoplay" value="true">

6.<applet> - Embeds a Java applet.

Html:

<applet code="AppletClassName" width="300" height="200">

Your browser does not support Java applets.

</applet>

7.<embed> - Embeds external content or media in the document.

Html

<embed src="example.mp3" autostart="true" loop="false" width="200" height="50">

8.<bgsound> - Embeds background sound in the document.

Html:

<bgsound src="[Link]" loop="infinite">

<frame> and <frameset> - Defines frames for splitting the browser window into multiple panes.

Html:

<frameset cols="25%,75%">

<frame src="[Link]">

<frame src="[Link]">

</frameset>

9.<noframes> - Provides alternate content for browsers that do not support frames.

Html:

<noframes>

<p>Your browser does not support frames.</p>

 </noframes>

These are some of the key HTML 4.0 tags related to graphics and multimedia. Keep in mind that
HTML 4.0 is quite old and has been largely superseded by HTML5, which offers more advanced
multimedia capabilities and better support for modern devices and standards.

HTML 4.0 Tag reference

common HTML 4.0 tags:

1. Structure Tags:
o <html>: Defines an HTML document.
o <head>: Contains meta-information about the HTML document.
o <title>: Sets the title of the HTML document (inside <head>).
o <body>: Defines the document's body, where content is placed.
2. Text Formatting Tags:
o <h1> to <h6>: Headings of different levels.
o <p>: Defines a paragraph.
o <br>: Line break.
o <hr>: Horizontal rule (line).
3. Text Tags:
o <strong> or <b>: Bold text.
o <em> or <i>: Italic text.
o <u>: Underlined text.
o <sub>: Subscript text.
o <sup>: Superscript text.
4. Link Tags:
o <a>: Defines a hyperlink.
 Attribute: href: Specifies the URL of the link.
 Attribute: target="_blank": Opens the linked document in a new
window/tab.
5. List Tags:
o <ul>: Defines an unordered list.
o <ol>: Defines an ordered list.
o <li>: Defines a list item.
6. Table Tags:
o <table>: Defines a table.
o <tr>: Defines a table row.
o <td>: Defines a table cell.
o <th>: Defines a table header cell.
7. Form Tags:
o <form>: Defines an HTML form for user input.
 Attribute: action: Specifies where to send the form-data when submitted.
 Attribute: method: Specifies the HTTP method (GET or POST) to be used
when submitting the form.
o <input>: Defines an input control.
 Attribute: type: Specifies the type of input (e.g., text, checkbox, radio).
o <textarea>: Defines a multiline input control (text area).
o <select>: Defines a dropdown list.
 <option>: Defines an option in a dropdown list.
8. Image Tag:
o <img>: Defines an image.
 Attribute: src: Specifies the URL of the image.
 Attribute: alt: Specifies an alternate text for the image (for accessibility).
9. Miscellaneous Tags:
o <div>: Defines a division or section in an HTML document.
o <span>: Defines a section in a document.
o <meta>: Provides meta-information (not displayed on the page).

These are some of the fundamental HTML 4.0 tags. Keep in mind that HTML has evolved since
then (the current version being HTML5), which introduces new tags and features.

•Document structure tags<HTML>, <HEAD>, <BASE>, <ISINDEX>, <META>, <LINK>,

<SCRIPT>,<STYLE>, <TITLE>, <BDO>, and <BODY>.

•Formatting tags: <B>, <BASEFONT>, <BIG>, <FONT>, <I>, <S>, <STRIKE>, <SMALL>,
<SUB>,<SUP>, <TT>, <U>, <ABBR>, <ACRONYM>, <ADDRESS>, <CITE>, <CODE>,
<DEL>, <DFN>, <EM>,<INS>, <KBD>, <Q>, <SAMP>, <STRONG>, <VAR>,
<BLOCKQUOTE>, <BR>, <CENTER>, <DIV>,<HR>, <H1>-<H6>, <P>, <PRE>, and
<SPAN>.

•List tags: <LI>, <DIR>, <DL>, <DT>, <DD>, <MENU>, <OL>, and </UL>.

•Hyperlink tags: <A>.

•Image and image map tags: <IMG>, <MAP>, and <AREA>.

•Table tags: <TABLE>, <CAPTION>, <THEAD>, <TFOOT>, <TBODY>, <COLGROUP>,

<COL>, <TR>,

<TD>, and <TH>.

•Form tags: <FORM>, <INPUT>, <SELECT>, <OPTION>, <OPTGROUP>, <TEXTAREA>,

<BUTTON>,

<LABEL>, <FIELDSET>, and <LEGEND>.

•Frame tags: <FRAMESET>, <FRAME>, <NOFRAMES>, and <IFRAME>.

•Executable content tags: <APPLET>, <PARAM>, and <OBJECT>.

Global Attributes
Most tag attributes tend to be unique to the tag, some are almost universal and usable With any
[Link] attributes in HTML refer to attributes that can be used with any HTML element,
regardless of the type of element. These attributes provide common functionalities and behaviors
across different elements. Here are some commonly used global attributes in HTML:

1. id: Specifies a unique identifier for an element.

o Example: <div id="header">...</div>
2. class: Specifies one or more class names for an element (used for styling with CSS).
o Example: <div class="container">...</div>
3. style: Specifies inline CSS styles for an element.
o Example: <p style="color: red; font-size: 16px;">...</p>
4. title: Specifies extra information about an element (tooltip text).
o Example: <a href="#" title="Click here for more
information">...</a>
5. lang: Specifies the language of the content within the element.
o Example: <html lang="en">...</html>
6. dir: Specifies the direction of the text within the element.
o Values: ltr (left-to-right) or rtl (right-to-left).
o Example: <div dir="rtl">...</div>
7. data-*: Allows you to store custom data attributes that can be accessed by JavaScript.
o Example: <div data-id="12345">...</div>
8. tabindex: Specifies the tab order of elements (useful for keyboard navigation).
o Example: <input type="text" tabindex="1">
9. accesskey: Defines a keyboard shortcut for an element.
o Example: <button accesskey="s">Save</button>
10. contenteditable: Indicates whether the element's content can be edited by the user.
o Values: true, false, or inherit.
o Example: <div contenteditable="true">Editable content</div>

These attributes can be applied to almost any HTML element, providing flexibility and
enhancing the behavior and accessibility of web pages. Understanding these global attributes
allows web developers to create more interactive and accessible web applications.
 Space-separated list of classes of the tag
Attribute Purpose Used With

CLASS Space-separated list of All tags but <BASE>,

classes of the tag <BASEFONT>, <HEAD>, <HTML>,
<META>, <PARAM>, <SCRIPT>,
<STYLE>, and
<TITLE>.
DIR Direction for weak or All tags but <APPLET>, <BASE>,
neutral text <BASEFONT>, <BDO>,
<BR>, <FRAME>, <FRAMESET>,
<HR>, <IFRAME>,
<PARAM>, and <SCRIPT>.
ID
ID Unique, document-wide All tags but <BASE>, <HEAD>,
identifier <HTML>, <META>,
<SCRIPT>, <STYLE>, and <TITLE>.
LANG
LANG Specifies document All tags but <APPLET>, <BASE>,
language context <BASEFONT>, <BR>,
<FRAME>, <FRAMESET>, <HR>,
<IFRAME>, <PARAM>,
and <SCRIPT>
STYLE Binds style information
to the tag All tags but <BASE>,
<BASEFONT>, <HEAD>, <HTML>,
<META>, <PARAM>, <SCRIPT>,
<STYLE>, and
<TITLE
TITLE Advisory title All tags but <BASE>,
<BASEFONT>, <HEAD>, <HTML>,
<META>, <PARAM>, <SCRIPT>,
<STYLE>, and
<TITLE>
Event Handlers
The HTML 4.0 recommendation also allows for several event handlers that can be used to trigger

the execution of script code embedded in an HTML document. Each event handler is tied to a

specific event that can occur during a person's use of a browser. When a user submits a form, for

example, you can capture that event and launch a field validation script using the onsubmit event

handler:

<FORM ACTION="[Link]" METHOD="POST" onsubmit="validate();">

¾For the specifics on writing scripts for your HTML documents, see"Introduction to JavaScripting,"

or "Active Server Pages and VBScript."

Thus, when a user clicks the Submit button, the scripted function named "validate" fires and

checks the data the user is submitting for appropriate formatting, content, or other validation

checks.

Table 3.2 details the event handlers available under HTML 4.0. Most can be used within any HTML

element, but a few are limited to specific elements. These special cases are noted in the table.

Table 3.2 HTML 4.0 Event Handlers

Event Handler Triggered when…

onload A document or frameset is loaded; only allowed in the <BODY> and

<FRAMESET> elements

onunload A document or frameset is unloaded; only allowed in the <BODY> and

<FRAMESET> elements

onclick The mouse button is clicked once

ondblclick The mouse button is clicked twice

onmousedown The mouse button is depressed

onmouseup The mouse button is released

onmouseover The mouse pointer is over a page element

onmousemove The mouse pointer is moved while over a page element

onmouseout The mouse pointer is moved off a page element

onfocus A form field receives focus by tabbing to it or by clicking it with the mouse

pointer; only allowed in the <INPUT>, <SELECT>, <TEXTAREA>, <LABEL>,

and <BUTTON> elements

onblur A form field loses focus by tabbing out of it or by clicking a different field with

the mouse pointer; only allowed in the <INPUT>, <SELECT>, <TEXTAREA>,

<LABEL>, and <BUTTON> elements

onkeypress A key is pressed and released over a page elementonkeydown A key is pressed over a page
element

onkeyup A key is released over a page element

onsubmit A form is submitted; only allowed in the <FORM> tag

onreset A form is reset; only allowed in the <FORM> tag

onselect A user selects some text in a text field; only allowed in the <INPUT> and

<TEXTAREA> elements

onchange A form field loses focus and its value has changed since gaining focus; only

allowed in the