https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.
in/
HUMAN
REPRODUCTION
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
The parts of female reproductive system include:
1. The Ovaries (Female Gonads)
2. Oviducts or the uterine tubes or fallopian tubes
3. The Uterus
4. The Vagina
5. External Organs which are collectively called the vulva, or pudendum.
6. The mammary glands are considered part of both the integumentary system and the
female reproductive system.
Ovaries:
➢ The ovaries (female gonads) are paired glands. Each ovary resembles in size and
shape as that of unshelled almond.
➢ Each ovary has two important functions:
(1) Production of gametes, secondary oocytes that develop into mature ova (eggs)
after fertilization.
(2) Production of hormones-
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
progesterone, estrogens, inhibin and
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
relaxin.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
Uterine Tubes
➢ Two uterine (fallopian) tubes, or oviducts, that extend laterally from the
uterus.
➢ The tubes, which measure about 10 cm (4 in.) long.
➢ Important function of these tubes is to provide route for sperm to reach an
ovum and transport secondary oocytes and fertilized ova from the ovaries to
the uterus.
Uterus
➢ It is located between the urinary bladder and the rectum.
➢ It is the size and shape of an inverted pear.
➢ Functions of Uterus:
✓ It provides pathway for sperm deposited in the vagina to reach the
uterine tube.
✓ It is the site of implantation of a fertilized ovum, development of the fetus
during pregnancy, and labor.
✓ During reproductive cycles when implantation does not occur, the uterus
is the source of menstrual
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ flow.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
Vagina
➢ The vagina is a tubular, 10 cm long fibromuscular canal lined with
mucous membrane that extends from the exterior of the body to the
uterine cervix.
➢ It is located between the urinary bladder and the rectum.
➢ Functions of Vagina:
▪ It is the receptacle for the penis during sexual intercourse.
▪ It is the outlet for menstrual flow.
▪ It is the passageway for childbirth.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
Vulva
➢ The term vulva, or pudendum, refers to the external genitals of the female.
➢ Vulva is composed of following parts:
a. Mons pubis: It is anterior to the vaginal and urethral openings. It is an
elevation of adipose tissue covered by skin and coarse pubic hair that
cushions the pubic symphysis.
b. Labia majora: From the mons pubis, two longitudinal folds of skin, called labia
majora, extend inferiorly and posteriorly.
c. The clitoris is a small cylindrical mass composed of two small erectile bodies, the
Corpora cavernosa, and numerous nerves and blood vessels.
d. Vestibule: The region between the labia minora is the vestibule.
e. The vaginal orifice, the opening of the vagina to the exterior, occupies the greater
portion of the vestibule and is bordered by the hymen.
f. Anterior to the vaginal orifice and posterior to the clitoris is the external urethral
orifice, the opening of the urethra to the exterior.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
OOGENESIS AND FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
➢ The formation of gametes in the
ovaries is termed oogenesis.
➢ Oogenesis occurs in essentially the
same manner as spermatogenesis;
meiosis takes place and the
resulting germ cells undergo
maturation.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
The Female Reproductive Cycle
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
• The female reproductive cycle is controlled by hormonal changes.
• It involves ovarian and uterine cycle.
Ovarian cycle: It consists of sequence of actions in ovaries that occur during and after maturation of oocyte.
Menstrual (uterine) cycle: It consists of simultaneous sequence of changes inuterine endometrium preparing it for
arrival of fertilized ovum.
9.3 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The parts of the male reproductive system are:
1. The testes
2. A system of ducts:
a. Epididymis
b. Ductus deferens
c. Ejaculatory ducts
d. Urethra
3. Accessory sex glands
a. Seminal vesicles
b. Prostate gland
c. Bulbourethral glands
4. The penis
5. The scrotum
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
Menstrual (uterine) cycle
• The cycle of these changes occur in women every month, positively for
pregnancy is called the menstrual cycle.
• When an ovum is unfertilized, the uterus lining sheds and leads to a
haemorrhage, called menstruation.
• In a girl, menstruation starts from the age of 10 to 15 when she attains
puberty and this beginning is known as menarche. The ending of
menstruation is known as menopause which takes place at the age range of
50.
• The first day of bleeding is marked as the first day of a menstrual cycle
and the period from one menstrual cycle to another can vary from 28 to 30
days.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is divided into four phases, namely:
1) Menstrual phase: Day 1, uterus lining which is prepared for implantation starts
to shed which lasts 3 to 5 days.
2) Follicular phase: In this phase, the primary follicle starts developing into a
mature Graffian follicle. The endometrium also starts proliferating. The uterus
starts preparation for another pregnancy.
3) Ovulatory phase: Mid-cycle phase, this is the phase in which ovulation takes
place i.e., day 13-17. The end of the follicular phase along with the ovulation
period defines the fertilisation period.
4) Luteal phase: It is the post-ovulation phase, where the fate of the corpus luteum
is decided. If fertilisation occurs, pregnancy starts. If fertilisation doesn’t occur, it
marks the onset of another cycle.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
Role of Hormones in Menstrual Cycle
➢ The chemical messengers in our body called
hormones, released by various endocrine
glands are responsible for many changes in
a human body.
➢ Menstruation is a slave to certain hormones.
Every phase of the menstrual cycle is
influenced by a female hormones namely
estrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH.
➢ The variation in the level of each of these
hormones decides the phase which a girl
undergoes.
➢ Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and
luteinizing hormone (LH) are secreted by the
anterior pituitary.
➢ FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles
that secrete estrogen.
➢ Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
➢ The parts of the male reproductive system are:
1. The testes
2. A system of ducts:
a. Epididymis
b. Ductus deferens
c. Ejaculatory ducts
d. Urethra
3. Accessory sex glands
a. Seminal vesicles
b. Prostate gland
c. Bulbourethral glands
4. The penis
5. The scrotum
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
Testes
➢ The testes are paired oval glands located in the scrotum.
➢ Each testis measure about 5 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter and has a
mass of 10-15 grams.
➢ Each testis consists of internal compartments called lobules. Each of the
200-300 lobules contains one to three tightly coiled tubules and the
seminiferous tubules.
➢ Sperms are produced in the seminiferous tubules.
Ducts of the Testis
➢ The sperm and fluid is pushed along the lumen of seminiferous tubules
and then into a series of very short ducts called straight tubules.
➢ The straight tubules lead to a network of ducts in the testis called the
rete testis.
➢ From the rete testis, sperm move into a series of coiled efferent ducts in
the epididymis that empty into a single tube called the ductus
epididymis.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
Epididymis
➢ The epididymis is a comma-shaped organ about 4 cm long that lies along
the posterior order of each testis.
➢ Each epididymis consists mostly of the tightly coiled ductus epididymis.
Ductus Deferens.
➢ Within the tail of the epididymis, the ductus epididymis becomes less
convoluted, and its diameter increases.
➢ Beyond this point, the duct is known as the ductus deferens or vas
deferens.
Spermatic Cord
➢ The spermatic cord is a supporting structure of the male reproductive
system that ascends out of the scrotum.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
Ejaculatory Ducts
➢ Each ejaculatory duct is about 2 cm long and is formed by the union of the duct
from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the ductus (vas) deferens.
➢ The ejaculatory ducts form just superior to the base (superior portion) of the
prostate and pass inferiorly and anteriorly through the prostate.
Urethra
➢ In males, the urethra is the shared terminal duct of the reproductive and urinary
systems; it serves as a passageway for both semen and urine.
➢ About 20 cm long, it passes through the prostate, the deep muscles of the
perineum, .and the penis.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
Accessory Sex Glands
➢ The ducts of the male reproductive system store and transport sperm cells,
but the accessory sex glands secrete most of the liquid portion of semen.
➢ The accessory sex glands include:
1. The seminal vesicles
2. The prostate
3. The bulbourethral glands
Seminal Vesicles
➢ The paired seminal vesicle or seminal glands are convoluted pouch like
structures, about 5 cm in length, lying posterior to the base of the urinary
bladder.
➢ Through the seminal vesicle ducts they secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid
that contains fructose (a monosaccharide sugar), prostaglandins, and
clotting proteins that are different from those in blood.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
Prostate Gland
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
➢ The prostate is a single, doughnut-shaped gland about the size of a golf ball.
➢ It measures about 4 cm from side to side, about 3 cm from top to bottom, and about 2 cm
(0.8 in.) from front to back.
➢ It is inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra.
➢ The prostate secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid (pH about 6.5) that contains several
substances like Citric acid, proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsinogen, lysozyme, amylase,
and hyaluronidase.
Bulbourethral Glands
➢ The paired bulbourethral glands, or Cowper's glands, are about the size of peas.
➢ They are located inferior to the prostate on either side of the membranous urethra within
the deep muscles of the perineum, and their ducts open into the spongy urethra.
Penis
➢ The penis contains the urethra and is a passageway for the ejaculation of semen and the
excretion of urine.
➢ It is cylindrical in shape and consists of a body, glans penis, and a root.
Scrotum
➢ The scrotum (bag), the supporting structure for the testes, consists of loose skin and
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
underlying subcutaneous layer that hangs from the root (attached portion) of the penis.
SPERMATOGENESIS
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
➢ The process by which the seminiferous tubules of the testes produce
sperm is called spermatogenesis.
➢ The total duration of spermatogenesis in humans is 65-75 days.
➢ Spermatogenesis starts with the spermatogonia, which contain the
diploid (2n) number of chromosomes.
➢ The final stage of spermatogenesis is the development of haploid
spermatids into sperm.
➢ Each spermatid becomes a single sperm cell.
➢ Sperm then enter the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. Fluid secreted
by Sertoli cells pushes sperm along their way, toward the ducts of the
testes. At this point, sperm are not yet able to swim.
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/ https://pharmacyindia.co.in/
Visit – pharmacyindia.co.in
• Free Notes PDF
• Get Latest Updates
• Quizzes
• Daily Job Updates
• Previous Year Papers
• Current Affairs
• Subjective Blogs
• College Details
DOWNLOAD “PHARMACY INDIA” MOBILE APP
Mobile Phone Par Click karein
Available on Buy Now
Book Buy करने के लिए बैनर पर क्लिक करें
Available on Buy Now
Book Buy करने के लिए बैनर पर क्लिक करें
Book Buy करने के लिए बैनर पर क्लिक करें
Daily UPDATES
जुड़िए PHARMACY INDIA
के साथ…….
WHATSAPP & TELEGRAM SE
JUDNE KE LIYE ICONS PAR CLICK
WhatsApp
KARE
