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Physics Activities (In Serial Order)

It's is activities for class Students which can be used in practicals and students must write this in shoelace file

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mishraharshu869712
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75 views17 pages

Physics Activities (In Serial Order)

It's is activities for class Students which can be used in practicals and students must write this in shoelace file

Uploaded by

mishraharshu869712
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Aw ‘To assemble the components of given electrical etreuit APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED Resistor. ammeter, (0-1.5A) voltmeter (0-5V), battery. one way key. sheostat, sand paper, connecting wires. Proceoure 1. Connect the components as shown in Fig. A 1.1, 2. After closing the key K. check that the voltmeter and ammeter show deflections on the right hand side. 3. Cheek the continuity ofthe assembled circuit using a ‘multimeter (see Activity 4). 5 5 Bisel Fig. A 1.1 Assembitng of gluen components peaee Resuur ‘The components of the electrical eireult were assembled, Precaurons 1. The positive terminal of the battery should be connected to the positive terminal ofammeter and positive terminal of the voltmeter, 2. ‘The ammeter should be connected in series with the resistor and, the voltmeter should be connected in parallel with the resistor. 3. Sand paper should be used to clean the ends of connecting wires ‘and leads of the component terminals. Grease/oll o oxide layer on their surfaces is insulating in nature and needs to be removed. However, do not clean the plugs and keys with sand paper. Excessive use of sand paper in such a case will make the plug unfit to be used with the key. Discussion 1. Draw the circuit diagram of the experiment before you start connecting apparatus and keep infront of you. 2. The values of the resistances and the current carraying capacity of the rheostat are given on a plate fixed on the body of rheostat. Aue a ‘To draw the diagram of given open circult comprising at least a battery, Tesistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circult diagram, Apparatus AND MATERIAL REQUIRED A given open circult comprising atleast a cell or a battery, plug key, resistor, rheostat, ammeter, voltmeter, connecting wires and ‘sand paper. Pawcieue ‘An clectrical circult is functional only if all the components of the circuit are connected in proper order, assuming that all circuit ‘components/devices are in working condition and key is closed. An open circult means a break in some part of a circuit which could be deliberate such asa key in open position or a fault such as broken wire or burt out component(s) or loose connection, Some of such ctreuits are given in Figs. A 2.1 (a), (b). (c) and (d).. y {) R a Rh a — 5 K ER ‘a Fig. A2.1 (als@).(ol(d) Open circuits Fig. A 2.1 (als@).fola) Note to teachers: Proceoure 1. Draw the circuit diagrams in your notebook as given by your teacher [Fig. A 2.1(a),(b), (c) and (d)]. 2. Consider one circuit and mark in Table A 2.1, the various ‘components which have not been connected tn proper order. 3. Draw the correct cireuit diagram. 4 Connect the electrical components according to corrected circuit diagram. 5. Close the key in the cireuit to verify if the corrected circuit is functional. ‘Note:Rheostat can be used both as a variable resistance and potential divider. Rheostat as a variable resistance 1. Drawa diagram as given in Fig. A 2.2 (a) showing use of a rheostat asa variable resistor. 2. Connect the terminals of rheostat as drawn below using one end ‘terminal and the other variable terminal. Variable resistance Variable voltage » Fig. 42.2 (a) Rheostat as a variable resistor Vo @)Rheostat as a potential divider gwwing variable voltage Rheostat as a potential divider 1. Drawa diagram as given in Fig. A2.2 (b) showing use of a rheostat ‘as a potential divider. 2. Connect the terminals of rheostat as drawn above using (i) the end terminals (1) and (2) connected to input potential (battery) and (l) one end terminal and the other variable terminal for variable voltage. Oasser INS Table A 2.1: Mark a (7) in appropriate column, Battery/cell Resistor Resutr ‘The electrical circuit assembled as per the corrected circuit diagram 1s functional, ————— Precautions 1. Ends of the connecting wires should be cleaned with sand paper before making connections. 2. The positive terminal of the battery should be connected to the positive terminal of the voltmeter and positive terminal of the ammeter. 3. The ammeter should be connected in series with the resistor and the voltmeter should be connected in parallel with it. Discussion 1. (a) Rheostat can be used in series as a variable resistance. In this case, the end terminal (1) and the other variable terminal is to be used [Fig. A 2.2(a)]. (>) When rheostat has to be used as a potential divider across the cell, the variable voltage is derived using any one end- terminal and the variable terminal of the rheostat [Fig. A 2.2(b)] Justify how the discussion points 1(a) and 1(b) are possible? 2. Key is to be kept “OPEN” so that no damage to the components occur. Aw ‘To assemble a household cireult comprising three bulbs, three (on/off switches, a fuse and a power source. Apparatus ano MATERIAL REQUIRED ‘Three bulbs (40 W, 220 V each), three on/off switches, socket, a fase of 1.0 A, plug, flexible connecting wire, main switeh, Panore IEP, P,P Py Py be the power consumed by different domestic electrical dppances n'a ereuit then the total power consumption, P at any instant is given by PERSP PAPA Rt su) Ifelecric potential is V, then current drawn from the mains is given by 5.3} where Pis in watt, Vin volt and Jin ampere. Bagh Wire In order to protect the appliances from damage, when accidentally a high current is drawn (e.g, when TI [bye the terminals ofthe appliance ‘s, get accidentally connected), a fuseof ratinglittehigher (10 L_¢: ins 1020 percent higherthan the socket current normally drawn) 1s connected in series with the set of appliances (Fig. A 5.1) i entra Wire Proceoure 1, Take the bulbs B,,B,,B, and connect them in series with switches S,,S, and 8, respectively. Connect B,.B,-B, alongwith S,,S,.S, {in parallel with each other as shown in Fig. A 5.1 2. Connect fuse F in series with the set up as shown in Fig. AS.1. Connect a plug and the socket atthe end of twoleads. Connect wire from the earth pin ofthe plug. 3. Insert the plug in socket provided in the main electric board, Press the switches S,, 5,, S, one by one and observe the bulb {that is switched on and off independently ofthe other bulb. 5. Pressall the switches simultaneously and observe what happens, Record your observations Resurx Household circuit assembly is complete and installed with safety, Precautions 1. Care should be taken while working with mains. 2. Carefully determine the rating of the fuse by calculating the ‘maximum current drawn by the circutt, Dacussion 1. Fuse is a safety device. Never use fuse of much higher rating than the recommended value 2. The rating the main electricity in our houses is determined by the total power requirements. In general it ts 220 V. 30 A and ‘50. The supply is connected to a distribution board which divides the power into different cireuits: some having a rating of 220 V, 15 A meant for heavy duty appliances like room heater, airconditioner, geysers. hot plates et. others havea rating of 220 V. 5A meant for light appliances lke light bulbs, ceiling fans et. Let us consider one electrical circuit with 220 V, 5 A supply. In sucha circuit all appliances are connected in parallel with a switch, ‘This suitch isin series with each appliance in supply ve line. Aw ‘To identify adiode, a LED, a transistor, an IC. resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items. APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED Multimeter, a collection of diode, LED, transistor. IC. resistor and capacitor. Pracire ‘A diode ts two terminal device. It conduets when forward biased land does not conduct when reverse biased. It does not emit light while conducting. ALED (light emitting diode} ts also a two terminal device, It conducts ‘when forward biased and does not conduct when reverse biased. It ‘emits light while conducting. ‘Atransistor is a three terminal device. The terminals represent emitter ©), base (B) and collector (C) An IC (integrated circult) is a muli-terminal device in the form of a chip, But some may have only three terminals, e.g. 7805, 7808, 7809, 7912. A resistor {x a two terminal device. It conducts equally in both ‘rections. Acapacitor Is a two terminal device. It does not conduct but stores ‘some charge when de voliage Is applied. Proceoure 1. Check the physical appearance of the component. (@)_Irithas four or more terminals and has the appearance of a ‘chip (black rectangular block), then it isan IC. o Non averting Inverting Big. A 8.1 (a) Diode ©) LED (€) Transistor (IC (e Resstor (9 Capacitor (0) Ifithas three terminals, the component may bea transistor. To confirm, set-up the multimeter in resistance mode (highest range). Connect its black or common terminal to fone of the extreme legs of the component and the second terminal (red or positive) to the central leg. Check the multimeter deflection. Ifa deflection is observed, interchange the multimeter terminals. If no deflection 1s observed. the component is a transistor. Repeat this test by connecting the multimeter terminals to the central leg and the other extreme leg. If a similar behaviour is observed, the component is a transistor. @) If the component has two terminals, it could be a resistor, a capacitor, a diode or a LED. (@)_Look for colour bands, fit has atypical set of three colour ‘bands followed by a stiver or gold band, the component is a resistor. (©) Connect the multimeter terminals (in resistance mode- [highest range) to the component terminals and watch for muldmeter deflection. Also repeat by reversing the component terminals. (9 Ifthe mulumeter shows an equal deflection in both the directions, the component Isa resistor. (@) Ifthe deflection is accompanied with emission of ight, in one direction and a much less or zero deflection in the other ‘direction the component is a LED. (©. Ifthemultimeter does not show any deflection n one direction and shows deflection with no light eraisslon in the other

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