Variogram Calculation
• Variogram for the lag distance h is defined as the average
squared difference of values separated approximately by h
1
2 * γ ( h) = ∑ [z (u ) − z (u + h)]2
N ( h) N ( h )
• N(h) - number of pairs for lag h
Exploratory Data Analysis
and Spatial Modeling
10/3/2024 1
Variogram Modeling
1.2
0.8
0.6 Spherical
γ
Exponential
0.4 Gaussian
0.2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Distance
Exploratory Data Analysis
and Spatial Modeling
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Variogram Modeling
3
3ℎ 1 ℎ
Spherical 𝛾𝛾 ℎ = 𝐶𝐶{ − }, ℎ ≤ 𝑎𝑎
2𝑎𝑎 2 𝑎𝑎
𝛾𝛾(ℎ) = 𝐶𝐶, ℎ > 𝑎𝑎
3ℎ
𝛾𝛾 ℎ = 𝐶𝐶{1 − exp − }
Exponential 𝑎𝑎
Exploratory Data Analysis
and Spatial Modeling
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Variogram Modeling
3ℎ2
𝛾𝛾 ℎ = 𝐶𝐶{1 − exp − 2 }
Gaussian 𝑎𝑎
γ (h) = 0, h = 0
Nugget Effect
γ (h) = 1, h > 0
Exploratory Data Analysis
and Spatial Modeling
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