MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON

(0018)

Program Name and Code: Electrical Engineering (EE2I)

Course Name and Code : Fundamentals of Electrical
Engineering (22212)
Academic Year : 2022-2023
Semester : second

A MICRO PROJECT
on
MUTUAL INDUCTION

Submitted In 2023 by the group of 6 students

Sr Roll Name Enrollment No. Seat no.
No. no.
1 13. DHANGAR PANKAJ CHHOTU
2 14. DHOLE ROSHAN DEVIDAS
3 15. FEGADE ATHARV RAJESH
4 16. HARSHRAJ NITIN ASMAR
5 17. HIRAY DNYANESHWAR VIJAY

6 18. INGALE ADARSH BHIMRAO

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION Certificate

This is to certify that Master……………………………………………………

Roll No……. of……………Semester of Diploma in……………………………

of Institute, Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon (Code:0018) has completed the

Microproject satisfactorily in the Subject – Fundamentals of Electrical
Engineering (22212) for the Academic Year …………. as prescribed in the
curriculum.

Place: …………………… Enrollment No: …………………………………….

Date: ……………………. Exam.Seat No: …………………………………….

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal of
Institutio
n

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 GOVTERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
JALGAON

-SUBMISSION-

I……………………………………………………………Roll No …… as
a student of …………. Sem/Year of the Programme
……………………………………………. humbly submit that I have completed
from time to time the Practical/Micro-Project work as described in this report by
my own skills and study between the period from ……………………… to
……………………... as per instructions/guidance of Prof. N.O. Jadhav.
And that following students were associated with me for this work;
however, quantum of my contribution has been approved by the Lecturer.
And that I have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from any
other literature in contravention of the academic ethics.

Date: ……/……/2022 Signature of Student

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 Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2022-23

Name of the Faculty: Prof N.O. Jadhav

Course: FEE Course code: 22212 Semester: II

Title of the project: Mutual Induction

Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal

communication (if any)

…………………………………………………………………………………

Marks out of Marks out of

6 for 4for
Roll Student Name performance performance Total out
No in group in oral/ of 10
activity (D5 presentation
Col.8) (D5 Col.9)

(Signature of Faculty)

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 WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT

SR.NO. WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF GUIDE DATE

1 Discussion and finalization of

topic

2
Preparation and submission of
Abstract

3 Literature Review

4 Collection of Data
First
Week
5 Collection of Data

6 Discussion and outline of

Content

7 Formulation of Content

8 Second Editing and proof Reading of

Week Content

9
Compilation of Report And
Presentation

10 Seminar

11 Viva voce

12 Final submission of Micro

Project
Third
Week

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The development of this Micro project might not have been possible without
considerable guidance and support. So, we would like to acknowledge to all
those who have enable us to complete this project.

Firstly, we would like to thank our project guide Prof N.O. Jadhav and Head of
Department for providing the guideline with continuous advice and feedback
throughout the duration of designing this project. We also thank to the Dr. Parag
Patil (principal of Government Polytechnic Jalgaon) for providing us this golden
opportunity to embark on this project.

Secondly, we would also like to thank all other staff members of EE department
that we may have called upon for assistance since the genesis of this project,
their opinion and suggestion have helped us in drafting this project.

Last but not the least, we would like to thank all our friends for their valuable
opinions’ and sharing ideas during the development of this project.

Finally, we would like to thank our families for their understanding,

encouragement and support towards the completion of project.

Thank you

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 “MUTUAL INDUCTION”

INDEX:

Sr. no Topic Page no.

1 Introduction to MUTUAL 8
INDUCTION
2 History
3 Working

4 Advantages & disadvantages 13

5 Applications 14
6 Model 15
7 References 16

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 INTRODUCTION

Mutual induction is defined as the property of the coils that enables it to

oppose the changes in the current in another coil. With a change in the
current of one coil, the flow changes too thus inducing EMF in the other
coil.
This phenomenon is known as mutual induction. With a smooth current
in one coil, a magnetic field is formed in the other coil.
That magnetic field remains unchanged and hence, according to
Faraday’s law, it will not lead to any voltage creation in the secondary
coil.
Now, if we open the switch so as to stop the current, the magnetic field
will change in the coil placed on the right-hand side, thus inducing a
voltage.
The coil does not support changes and hence the induced voltage will
promote a flow of current in the secondary coil trying to maintain the
already existing magnetic field.
The fact, however, remains that the induced field will always repel the
change. On interrupting the current, the switch is closed so as to allow the
current to flow again.
This will lead to an induced current, though flowing in the opposite
direction to oppose the change in the field.
This consistent formation of opposing voltages in the field is the
fundamental principle in transformers and can be called mutual
inductance.

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 HISTORY

• Electromagnetic technology began with Faraday’s discovery of

induction in 1831. His demonstration that a changing magnetic field
induces an electric current in a nearby circuit showed that mechanical
energy can be converted to electric energy.
• It provided the foundation for electric power generation, leading
directly to the invention of the dynamo and the electric motor.
Faraday’s finding also proved crucial for lighting and heating
systems.
• The Wireless Electricity Transfer concept was later demonstrated
by Nikola Tesla in the year 1890.
• Nikola Tesla introduced electrodynamics induction or resonant
inductive coupling by lighting up three light bulbs from the distance
of 60 feet from the power source.
• Wireless Electricity Transfer or WET is a process to supply power
through an air gap without using any wires or physical link.
• In this wireless system, the transmitter device generates a
timevarying or high-frequency electromagnetic field, which
transmits power to receiver device without any physical connection.
• The receiver device extracts power from the magnetic field and
supplies it to electrical load. Therefore, to convert the electricity to
an electromagnetic field, two coils are used as transmitter coil and
receiver coil.

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 WORKING

• When two coils are brought in proximity with each other the magnetic
field in one of the coils tend to link with the other.
• This further leads to the generation of voltage in the second coil. This
property of a coil which affects or changes the current and voltage in a
secondary coil is called mutual inductance.

• The change of current in the first coil produces a magnetic field and
passes the magnetic lines through the second coil, which is used to
calculate mutual inductance.
• Changing I1 produces changing magnetic flux in coil 2.
• In the first coil of N1 turns, when a current I1 passes through it, magnetic
field B is produced. As the two coils are closer to each other, few
magnetic field lines will also pass through coil 2.
• If we vary the current with respect to time, then there will be an induced
emf in coil 2.

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Circuit Diagram

Components Required

Sr no components specification

1 Transistor 2N2222A

2 Coil 32 gauge (o.4mm-0.6mm)

3 LED 1.5V

4 Resistor 27K ohm

5 Switch
6 Battery 9V

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2N2222A Transistor
The transistor behaves as an oscillator.

The transistor 2N2222A is connected with the transmission or primary coil to

convert that DC into pulsating dc.

Due to dc input behaving like AC, a varying EMF is generated in the primary coil
and this generates a varying electromagnetic field and due to that a varying
electromotive force is induced in secondary coil or receiver coil.

COIL
Coil is the crucial part in wireless energy transfer and should be built
carefully.
A copper wire of 0.4mm-0.6mm provides better output.
In this project, the coils are made using copper wire of 32 gauge. For the
transmitter, wind the wire till 20-turns, then the loop for centre tap
connection and again make 20 turns of coil. And for the receiver, make a
40 turns of coil winding without the centre tap.

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Advantages
1. An electrical distribution system, based on this method would eliminate
the need for an inefficient, costly, and capital-intensive grid of cables,
towers, and substations.

2. System would reduce the cost of electrical energy used by the

consumer

3. It will rid the landscape of wires, cables, and transmitting towers.

4. The electrical energy can be economically transmitted without wires to

any terrestrial distance, so there will be no transmission and
distribution loss.
5. More efficient energy distribution systems and sources are needed by
both developed and under developed nations.

6. To transmit wireless power to any distance without limit. It makes no

difference what the distance is.

7. The power failure due to short circuit and fault on cables would never
exist in the transmission.

8. Power theft would be not possible at all.

Disadvantages

• This small circuit can work properly but it has a huge limitation. This
circuit is not suitable to deliver high power and has input voltage
restriction.

• The efficiency is also very poor. To overcome this limitation, a pushpull

topologies using transistors or MOSFETs can be constructed.

• However, for better and optimized efficiency, it is better to use proper

wireless transmission driver ICs.

• To improve the transmission distance, wind up the coil properly and

increase the no. of turns in the coil.

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Applications of Wireless Power Transmission

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a widely discussed topic in the electronics

industry. This technology is growing rapidly in the consumer electronics
market for smartphones and chargers. There are countless benefits of WPT.
Some of them are explained below:

• A transformer is a device which uses the phenomenon of mutual

induction to change the values of alternating voltages and currents.
• Firstly, in modern power requirement area, WPT can eliminate the
traditional charging system by replacing the wired charging solutions.

• Any portable consumer goods require its own charging system, wireless
power transfer can solve this problem by providing a universal cordless
power solution for all those portable devices.

• There are already many devices available in the market with built-in
wireless power solution like smartwatch, smartphone etc.

• Applications of mutual induction are seen in day to day life and we have
seen these devices without actually knowing that the principle of mutual
induction is being put to practical use..
• The latest technology of charging phones without making the use of
wires, operates on the principle of mutual induction.
• The charging bases, one of which is connected to the power line, charges
the base on which our phone is kept and it starts charging.
• Pacemakers, which are used in the heart to keep up the pace of the
heartbeat and hence save someone’s life, also work on the principle of
mutual induction.
• The minor electrical and magnetic currents generated keep the
pacemaker in action.
• The metal detectors used to keep up security measures also work under
the practicality of mutual inductance.

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Model

• When circuit is open

• When circuit is closed.

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 REFERENCES

https://www.toppr.com/bytes/mutualinduction/#:~:text=Mutual%20induction%20is%20defined%20
as,is%20known%20as%20mutual%20i nduction.

https://byjus.com/jee/mutual-inductance/ https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/inductor/mutual-

inductance.html https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-mutual-inductance-and-its-theory/

https://www.vedantu.com/iit-jee/mutual-inductance

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