WEEK 7: RIZAL’S FIRST HOMECOMING

JUNE 29, 1887 – he wrote a letter saying he will go back to PH

It was too dangerous for him to come back because of the effect
of his novel, Noli Me Tangere.

THREE REASONS FOR HIS HOMECOMING:

1. To operate his mother

2. He wanted to know and see the effect of his novel in the PH
3. He wanted to see Leonor Rivera again

JULY 3, 1887 – left Rome and boarded a train to Marseilles then

Djemnah to Saigon, then Haifong to Manila.

RIZAL IN MANILA

AUGUST 6, 1887 – 9pm when he arrived in Manila, PH

AUGUST 8, 1887 – he reached Calamba, Laguna

Paciano stayed with him whenever he went out because of

worry.

He converted their ground floor into a clinic.

First patient was his mother who was suffering from double
cataract and was successfully operated.
DR. ULEMAN/ULIMAN – bansag kay Rizal because of his
successful operation on his mother.

PROFESSIONAL FEE – anything they can offer if u poor, but if u

rich then money lol (European rates)

$900 – earnings in one-month ig

$5000 – naipon nya sa kanyang pagstay in Calamba

He opened a gymnasium to teach the people European sports.

He wanted to divert the attention of the people to something

productive instead of gambling.

NOLI ME TANGERE CONTROVERSY

GEN. EMILIO TERRERO (liberal minded) – sent a summon

letter to Rizal to Malacañang to clarify things about his novel.

Dr. Rizal said that his novel was simply the exposition of truth
and that he was no spy of Germany or any other country.

Gen. Terrero asked for a copy of the novel.

DON JOSE TAVIEL DE ANDRADE - assigned bodyguard to

Rizal for protection and later became his best friend.
RIZAL’S ENEMY FROM THE CHURCH

MANILA ARCHBISHOP MSGR. PEDRO PAYO – was against

the spread of Rizal’s novel and sent a copy to Fr. Rector
Gregorio Echevarria to be assessed.

UST RECTOR FR. GREGORIO ECHEVARRIA – assessed the

novel and found it to be heretical, impious, and scandalous.

Permanent Commission on Censorship – composed of priests

and laymen

FR. SALVADOR FONT – head of Permanent Commission on

Censorship; decided to ban the novel.

Friars ordered that anyone who has a copy of the novel was to
be killed. However, there were no killings because of the
governor general at that time.

FR. JOSE RODRIGUEZ – published anti-Noli pamphlet entitled

“Caiingat Cayo” (“Beware” - whoever reads Noli commits a
mortal sin)

VICENTE BARRANTES – Spanish journalist who openly

criticized Noli on the Spanish newspaper, La Esperanza
Moderna.
ALLIES OF RIZAL

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR – pen name: Dolores Manapat;

published a pamphlet entitled “Caiigat Cayo” (parody of “Caiingat
Cayo” to confuse the people – nilalaman ang kabulukan ng
pamamahala ng mga prayleng kastila sa PH)

FR. FRANCISCO SANCHEZ – fav teacher of Rizal; fought for

Noli

REV. VICENTE GARCIA – best defender of Rizal; Rizal will

never be anti-Catholic because he was an alumnus of a catholic
school and that he wasn’t dumb enough to do that. Rebutted the
claim of “Caiingat Cayo” and told that everyone is a sinner
because everyone has read the novel.

EVERYTHING WENT DOWN

o Death of Olimpia
o Suspicions of espionage raised
o Received death threats
o Gen. Terrero asked Rizal to leave the country for his safety.
o Stayed in the PH for 6 months
He didn’t meet Leonor Rivera because they were forbidden to
meet lol.

FEBRUARY 3, 1888 – boarded Zafiro to go to Hong Kong.

FEBRUARY 8, 1888 - arrived in Hong Kong. Stayed in Victoria

Hotel then met a Filipino exile.

JOSE MARIA BASA – Filipino exile; toured with Rizal in Hong

Kong and Macau

JOSE SAINZ DE VARANDA – sent by Gen. Terrero to spy on

Rizal.

Experienced Chinese New Year in Hong Kong.

FEBRUARY 22, 1888 – boarded American steamer Oceanic to

Japan.

SEC. JUAN PEREZ CABALLERO – invited Rizal to live in the

Spanish Legation

His time in Japan was great. He was impressed by Japan.

He found Filipino musicians playing western music in Japan.

SEIKO USUI (LADY O-SEI-SAN) – private tutor of Rizal in

Nihongo; best affair of Rizal so far; waited for Rizal but then
married in 1897 after she learned the death of Rizal in 1896.
He was tempted to settle in Japan, but the feeling of nationalism
won within him.

APRIL 13, 1888 – boarded Belgic to go to USA.

TETCHO SUEHIRO – met Rizal in Belgic; was an exile because

of his anti-gov’t article; became friends (tomodachi).

APRIL 28, 1888 – arrived in San Francisco, USA

They were put in quarantine in their arrival.

PALACE HOTEL – where Rizal stayed in USA; met the founder

of Stanford University, Mr. Leland Stanford.

THINGS HE OBSERVED

o US maintained its natural beauty despite its industrial and

technological advancements
o People are energetic
o US is the land of great opportunities
o Racial discrimination between the whites and blacks

MAY 13, 1888 – arrived in New York and went sightseeing.

MAY 16, 1888 – left USA and arrived in Liverpool, England (City
of Rome)

Lived in London from May 1888 – March 1889

REASONS FOR STAYING IN LONDON

o He wanted to improve his English

o Wanted to find a rare book that can only be seen in the
British museum
o It was a safe haven

MAY 24, 1888 – arrived in England

MAY 25, 1888 – arrived in London

DR. ANTONIO MA. REGIDOR – filipino lawyer and exile; Rizal

lived in his house during his stay in London

Lived with Beckett Family in June 1888.

GERTRUDE BECKETT (GETTIE) – one sided love for Rizal;

one of the reasons why Rizal left London.

SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS – book he wanted to find

and edit but was only able to annotate; written by Dr. Antonio De
Morga in 1609.

SEPTEMBER 1888 – went back and forth Madrid and Paris to

visit his companions and research about PH history

THE PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION IN 1889

THE KIDLAT CLUB (INDIOS BRAVOS) – unite the Filipinos in
Paris Inauguration; founded in March 1889.

12/25/1889 - spent white Christmas in Paris

WEEK 9: FINE TIME IN BELGIUM

JANUARY 28, 1890 – he went to Brussels, Belgium

REASONS WHY HE LEFT PARIS:

1. High cost of living

2. Gay socialite life – distractive

REASONS FOR STAYING IN BRUSSELS, BELGIUM:

1. Low-cost of living

2. Beautiful Country

Rizal with Jose Albert boarded at the apartment, owned by

Jacoby Sisters ‒‒ Suzanne & Marie

EL FILIBUSTERISMO

o sequel of Noli Me Tangere

o way shorter ‒- 30+ chapters

"The Reign of Greed" ‒‒ was a call for a revolution

o dedicated to GomBurZa
WRITING IN LA SOLIDARIDAD

o it's a newspaper

o means "equal rights"

o official voice for Propagandist

o aim: equality

PEN NAMES:

RIZAL – “Dimasalang” & “Laong Laan”

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR – “Plaridel”

MARIANO PONCE – “Tikbalang”, “Naning”, “Kalipulako”

ANTONIO LUNA – “Taga-ilog”

JOSE MARIA PANGANIBAN – “Jomapa” / JMP

OTHER ACTIVITIES:

o Writing Letters to his family and friends

o Having Part-Time Jobs
o Going to Gym
PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT:

ILUSTRADOS:

o filipinos who studies in Europe

o “propagandista”

AIMS:

o Representation of the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes, the

Spanish parliament;
o Secularization of the clergy;
o Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;
o Creation of a public school system independent of the friars;
o Abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale
of local products to the government);
o Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and association;
o Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter
government service;
o Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain:
o Secularization of Philippine parishes;
o Recognition of human rights
RIZAL'S ARTICLES AT LA SOLIDARIDAD

LOS AGRICULTORES FILIPINOS

o first article in La Solidaridad

o published on May 25, 1889
o means "The Filipino Farmer"
o described the deplorable farmers' conditions

Acc. to this article, there are two catastrophes in lives of the

farmers:

1. Natural Disasters
2. Dominican Friars

FRUSTRATIONS IN EUROPE

1. ANTI-GAMBLING POPE
o Received news from Juan Luna and Valentin Ventura that
some Filipinos in Paris and Spain are engaged in too much
gambling.
o Advised them not to waste money and instead support the
Propaganda which was the main reason for coming to Madrid
o Filipino gamblers were angered upon learning about Rizal's
comments and ridiculed him for acting like a "Pope"
o MAY 18, 1890 – countered in his letter that his fellow
Filipinos came to Madrid to work for the Fatherland's
freedom.
2. THE SEQUEL: "EL FILIBUSTERISMO"
o Rizal was stresses due to the lack of funds for publication
3. THE CALAMBA DEPORTATION (1890)
o Agrarian problem became worse in Calamba
o Dominicans increased rent without reason
o He advised his fam and others to refuse paying
o Noncompliance of people enraged the administrators
o Dominicans filed a lawsuit against the Calamba tenants
o Thru the order of Gov. Valeriano Weyler, the tenants were
persecuted and ejected from their lands and homes in
Calamba
o Paciano, Antonio Lopez, and Silvestre Ubaldo were exiled to
Mindoro
o He felt guilty abt his fam and townmate’s sufferings
o Cuz of this, Rizal decided to return to PH
o Confided to M.H Del Pilar abt his death wish
o expressed his readiness to die if it would do good to his
family and country
o called himself “Laong-Laan” (“Ever Ready”)

HAPPINESS IN BELGIUM

1. SUMMERTIME – Olympics in Belgium

2. SUZANNE JACOBY – developed affection for eo however
he did not pursue his feelings for her and spent most of his
time writing El Fili

AUGUST 1890 – went to Madrid, Spain with M.H Del Pilar as his
lawyer to fight the injustice against the Calamba tenants

o Headed to the Ministry of Colonies to find Minister Fabie

however was not given the answer they want
o Asked his comrades in Asociacion Hispano-Filipina for
assistance

NOTABLE PEOPLE THAT INVOLVED IN HAPPENINGS IN

MADRID

1. JOSE MARIA PANGANIBAN

o Died on August 19, 1890
o Good friend and co-worker of Rizal
2. NELLY BOUSTEAD
o Has a sister named Adelina
o Antonio Luna <3 Nelly however she <3 Rizal but Rizal <3
Adelina
o Rizal had a heated argument with Luna
o He challenged him to a duel and choose between a pistol or
saber.
o Luna lost and realized his mistake then apologized to Rizal
3. WENCESLAO RETAÑA
o A pro-friar journalist
o Made disrespectful remarks against the Rizal family and the
Calamba tenants in the anti-Filipino newspaper, La Epoca
o Upon reading the offensive article, Rizal sent him a message,
challenging him to a duel
o Made a public retraction and apologized to Rizal Fam
o Later idolized Rizal and wrote a bibliography of him
4. LEONOR RIVERA
o Before this, Rizal lost Leonor’s locket (an omen)
o Amidst his frustration in Madrid, he received a letter from her
in December 1890, informing that she’s getting married
o Rizal still loved her despite courting other girls before
o In his letter to Blumentritt, he accused this girl of infidelity; his
love for her turned into hatred
GALICANO APACIBLE – a UST friend, consoled him saying
there are many girls in the world; informed Rizal that the
daughter of Pi y Margall was deeply in love with him and is ready
for marriage but he refused.

LEONOR’S POV

- She was mad at Rizal for being quiet

- Still loved him however she thought Rizal no longer loved
her, thus, marrying another man.
- 11 years was too long, and she wasn’t getting any younger
- Lamented the fact that Rizal didn’t bother to see her
- Married Henry kipping Jr., an Englishman in Manila

THE LEADER OF ALL FILIPINOS

NEW YEAR 1891 – Filipinos gathered in Calle De Atocha to

choose a leader that will be called as “Responsible”

Rizal is confident he’ll be elected as the leader however, others

thought otherwise.

They endorsed M.H del Pilar instead.

Rizalista (Rizal) vs Pilarista (Pilar):

1st Balloting – Rizal was ahead but not enough

2nd and 3rd Balloting – tie

MARIANO PONCE – Rizalista, quickly asked Eduardo de Lete

and others to shift their votes to Rizal.

Thus, Rizal was voted unanimously.

A BIARRITZ INTERLUDE

Rizal went to Biarritz, Paris. He finally decided to marry Adelina

Boustead.

CONDITIONS MADE BY ADELINA’S FATHER:

1. Abort all travels abroad and stay with Adelina

2. Practice medicine and stay away from politics.
3. Covert to Protestant

Rizal, however, decided to back down from his proposal due to

the last 2 conditions

PRINTING OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO

FEB 1891 – from Biarritz, Rizal went back to Brussels, Belgium

END OF MAY 1891 – El Fili was ready for printing but not funds

Brought the novel to Ghent cuz the printing’s cheaper there

Saw a printing house called F. Meyer van Loo Press, R paid
monthly installment.

He sold his jewelries to pay the downpayment

No financial aid was sent by the different associations.

The publication was halted three times, but a savior came

named VALENTIN VENTURA

SEPTEMBER 18, 1891 - first copy of El Filibusterismo sent to

PH

RIZAL RESIGNS

Before leaving for Manila, He:

o Sent resignation letter as a contributor of the La Solidaridad

o Sent message to his compatriots his decision to give up his
political leadership and fight on his own
o Quickly visited Adelina Boustead to bid goodbye
o Will go back to PH to take care of his fam’s problems

OCTOBER 18, 1891 – Melbourne (steamer) ⇒ Hongkong

Left after the publication of El Fili

While in voyage he began writing MAKAMISA, supposedly his

third novel.
Magulo ang pilipinas noong panahong ito kaya hindi muna siya
umuwi lol

NOV 20, 1891 – JUNE 1892: time he lived in Hongkong

Welcomed by Jose Maria Basa

DECEMBER 1891 – wrote a letter to his family that he planned

to go home but his fam went to him instead lol

First batch - Francisco, Paciano, and Silvestre Ubaldo

Second Batch - Teodora, Lucia, Josefa, trinidad

Naulit ung parusa kay Teodora kaya lumabo ung eyes nya

RIZAL MEDICAL CLINIC – opened this to earn money

DR. LORENZO MARQUES – gen practitioner, recommends

patients to rizal

An epidemic happened in Hongkong and Rizal became a

volunteer doctor lol

Rizal restored his mother’s eyesight for the 2nd time

He was preparing for another civic society when he comes home

WRITINGS in HONGKONG:

1. The rights of man – French rev 1789

2. A la nacion espanola

3. Sa mga Kababayan

BRITISH NORTH BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECT

He planned on settling a Filipino colony in Sabah (north Borneo)

APRIL 1892 – he went to Sandakan, Sabah by Menon

(steamer)

Talked to the British North Borneo Company and proposed his

idea

He was allowed to use up 40,468 hectares

Condition: 50-70 families should be migrated in Sabah

SECOND HOMECOMING

Tentative date: MAY 1892

1. He wanted to explain his project to the gov despujol

2. He wanted to form La Liga Filipina
3. Plead for the lift of exile order on his family
4. He wanted to prove to the propagandists that he can fight
alone and that he had not abandoned the PH

Lol di pa siya nakauwi kaagad because he celebrated his 31st

bday
Gave 2 letters to Lorenzo Marques labeled “to be opened after
my death”

1 – his parents and friends

2 – to the filipinos

The Spaniards set up a trap for rizal to come back

JUNE 21, 1892 – left HK to go to PH

JUNE 26, 1892 – he landed in Manila with Lucia (12nn)

HOTEL DE ORIENTE – stayed in this hotel

Went to malacanang to talk to despujol

Father was allowed to go back to calamba

JUNE 29, 1892 – pinabalik si rizal

JUNE 27, 1892 – boarded train to visit his friends in Malolos,

San Fernando, Bacolor and Tarlac

May spy na nakasunod without his knowledge

Didn’t know his house was raided by guardia civil at that time
WEEK 10: FOUNDING OF LA LIGA FILIPINA

- Peaceful movement lol

- Wanted to involve people directly
- To unite filipinos for good character
- Fight against the injustices to the filipinos
JULY 3, 1892 – went back to talk to despujol

DOROTEO ONGJUNGCO – host

YLAYA STREET, TONDO MANILA – first meeting of la liga

filipina happened

MOTTO:

UNUS INSTAR OMNIUM – ONE LIKE ALL

THE GOVERNING BODIES OF LA LIGA FILIPINA

o SUPREME COUNCIL – national

o PROVINCIAL COUNCIL – province
o POPULAR COUNCIL – town/city

RIZAL’S ARREST AND BANISHMENT

JULY 6, 1892 – went back to talk to despujol

POBRES FRAILES BY P. JACINTO – karangyaan ng mga

prayle

Nakita daw sa hauz nila pepe omg the drama

He was jailed in Fort Santiago

He was orig supposed to be deported in bataan but then was

exiled to Dapitan

Crimes:

o Pobres frailes – leaflets he brought with him in HK

o Publishing anti gov’t and anti-catholic books abroad

JULY 14, 1892 – boarded steamer ‘Cebu’ to Dapitan

CAPT. DELGRAS – ship captain

JULY 17, 1892 – arrived in Dapitan

CAPTAIN RICARDO CARNICERO – Dapitan commander;

buddies with rizal

Stayed JULY 17, 1892, until JULY 31, 1896

Dapitan – jesuits

CASA REAL – captain’s residence

He wrote a poem for carnicero in august 1892 - A DON
RICARDO CARNICERO

9736 – lottery ticket number and won 20,000

Prize money was divided into 3 – rizal, carnicero and Francisco

equilor

2000 – sent to jose maria basa

The rest was spent on buying 70 hectares land

THE BIRTH OF KATIPUNAN

After the arrest of rizal, la liga was separated into 2 groups

LOS COMPRIMISARIOS – wanted to continue la liga

THE SEPARATISTS – wanted to launch an armed rebellion lol

JULY 7, 1892 – KKK: was founded/overshadowed la liga

RIZAL-PASTELLS RELIGIOUS DEBATES

SARDA – pinadalang book kay rizal; don’t be proud of yourself

lol

FRA OBACH, FRA VILLACLARA. FRA SANCHEZ – tried to

convince rizal into catholic

JUAN LARDET – sinabihan na cheater si rizal and that low

quality ung binebenta ni rizal lol
RIZAL AS PHYSICIAN – created herbal alternatives

AUGUST 1893 - operated on his mother’s eyesight for the 3rd

time; nainfect ung mata ni Teodora cuz inaalis niya ung
bandages

RIZAL AS AN ENGINEER – introduced community projects in

Dapitan

- Beautification and relief map of Dapitan

- Lamp
- Water system

RIZAL, THE EDUCATOR – he wanted to implement education

systems he learned from abroad

- Opened all boys school for free in Dapitan

RIZAL, THE SCIENTIST – collected animals and plants

specimen

- Frog, flying lizard and beetle

- 346 shells
- 203 specimens

RIZAL, THE SCULPTOR – the mother’s revenge (his dog Syria)

- The Dapitan girl

- The Josephine’s Image
- Bust of Fr. Guerrico

RIZAL, THE AGRICULTURIST AND ENTREPRENEUR – he

turned those 70 hectares land into a farm with a fishpond

RIZAL, THE INVENTOR – sulpakan (wooden cigarette lighter)

- Brick making machine (6000 bricks/day)

He was unhappy in Dapitan

- Missed his fam

- Too many things happening in the PH
- Missed the death of Leonor Rivera in August 1893

JOSEPHINE BRACKEN – dumating sa Dapitan para tulungan

ang kanyang stepdad na si Mr. George Taufer

No cure for Mr. Taufer, sadge

FEB 1895 - Josephine fell in love with Rizal

No one wanted to wed them so they diy-ed

FRANCISCO RIZAL – first son; died premmy (8 mnths)

DAPITAN WRITINGS
o Himno a Talisay – tribute sa puno na naging classroom nila
noon
o Mi Retiro – my retreat; buhay ni rizal as exile in dapitan
o Canto del Viajero – the song of the traveler; rizal’s journey
to travel abroad upto his exile

WEEK 11: THE 1896 REVOLUTION

1896 REVOLUTION

o Started when Cuba revolted against SPN in 1895.

o PH decided to revolt too because they think that it’ll be easy
due to the divided attention

MAY 2, 1896 – Dr. Pio Valenzuela was tasked to convince Rizal

to join the revolution

JUNE 21, 1896 – arrived at Rizal’s place

RAYMUNDO MATA – blind; used as an alibi by Dr. Pio

Valenzuela

Reasons for Rizal’s Refusal:

1. Do not have enough weapons
2. Do not have enough skills
3. Hierarchy lacks credibility which results in confusion in the
chain of commands
4. Must have foreign allies
5. Naval ships are needed for communication in the archipelago

He believed it was not the time for revolution and advised

Valenzuela to seek Antonio Luna instead and seek financial aid
from the Japanese gov’t.

END OF RIZAL’S EXILE

Blumentritt wrote a letter to Rizal stating:

o Yellow Fever outbreak in Cuba

o Asking him to be a volunteer doctor

DECEMBER 17, 1895 – sent a letter to GOV. GEN. RAMON

BLANCO, asking for permission to volunteer.

JULY 30, 1896 – received an approval

JULY 31, 1896 – left Dapitan with Josefina and boarded Espana
to Manila

AUGUST 6, 1896 – arrived in Manila

ISLA DE LUZON – left early; was supposed to take him to Spain

ISLA DE PANAY – Will arrive in 28 days; steamer that’ll take him
to Spain

BARKO – CASTILLA – where Rizal stayed while waiting for Isla

de Panay

BARKO – CARIDAD – sakay ang KKK members who wanted to

save Rizal and ask him to join the rev

EMILIO JACINTO – the one who asked but Rizal refused

While waiting, the SPN knew of KKK

LAST VOYAGE ABROAD

SEPT 3, 1896 – last voyage

PEDRO & PERIQUIN ROXAS – escapees/fugitives from

Singapore

He was encouraged to escape but he refused cuz he didn’t want

to be a fugitive

RIZAL’S ARREST

Documents found by the SPN led them to the conclusion that

Rizal is the leader of KKK.

That was the reason of his arrest.

SEPT 30, 1896 - He was unexpectedly apprehended by CAPT.
ALEMANY under the command of GOV. BLANCO AND
MANILA ARCHIBISHOP BERNARDINO NOZALEDA

OCT 3-6, 1896 – arrived in Barcelona; R was jailed

The next day Rizal was sent back to PH thru SS COLON

RIZAL’S FINAL HOMECOMING

NOV 3, 1896 – arrived in PH and was brought to Fort Santiago

THE INVESTIGATION AND TRIAL

NOV 20, 1896 – preliminary investigation led by JUDGE

ADVOCATE COLONEL FRANCISCO OLIVE; 5 days
investigation

He was interrogated without knowing who testified against him.

“WITNESSES”:

- Martin Constantino
- Aguedo del Rosario
- Jose Reyes
- Moises Salvador
- Jose Dizon
- Domingo Franco
- Deodato Arellano
- Pio Valenzuela (this bitch)
- Antonio Salazar
- Francisco Quison
- Timoteo Paez

CAPT. RAFAEL DOMINGUEZ – was assigned what to do with

the evidence by the GOV. GEN.

JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL NICOLAS DELA PENA –

naatasang maghatol kay Rizal.

Recommendations:

- R must immediately be sent to trial

- R must be held in prison under necessary security
- R’s properties must be issued with order of attachment, and
as indemnity, Rizal had to pay Php 1mil
- Only an army officer allowed to defend R

DON LUIS TAVIEL DE ANDRADE – his lawyer; brother of his

bodyguard

DON JOSE TAVIEL DE ANDRADE – his bodyguard

DEC 11, 1896 – charges against Rizal:

1. Rebellion (punishable by death)
2. Sedition (punishable by death)
3. Illegal Association (punishable by reclusion perpetua)

HIS RESPONSE TO THE CHARGES:

1. He does not question the jurisdiction of the court, he does

respect
2. He was not involved in any political affairs when he was in
exile
3. He had nothing to admit on the charges against him
4. He had nothing to admit on the declaration of the witnesses,
he had not met nor knew, against him

MANISFESTO TO THE PEOPLE

DEC 13, 1896- Gov. Camilo De Polavieja authorized the case to

be court martialed

DEC 15, 1896 – Rizal wrote a letter (Manifesto to the People – di

sagot ang sandata sa Kalayaan kundi ang karunungan)

DEC 26, 1896 – Moro-Moro Trial (staged trial) was conducted in

Cuartel de Espana

R still didn’t know those who testified

There were 7 military officers

His lawyer and Josephine were also there during the trial
RIZAL’S DEFENSE

1. As testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was against rebellion.

2. He had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan
comprising revolutionary elements
3. Without his knowledge, his name was used by the
Katipunan; if he really was guilty, he could have escaped
while he was in Singapore
4. If he was guilty, he should have left the country while in
exile; he shouldn't have built a home, bought a parcel of
land or established a hospital in Dapitan.
5. If he was really the leader of the revolution, the
revolutionists should have consulted him.
6. He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga
Filipina, but to clarify, the organization was a civic
association, not a revolutionary society.

THE FINAL VERDICT

- He was sentenced to be shot in musketry until death at 7

o’clock in the morning of Dec 30, 1896, at Bagumbayan Field
(Luneta)

RIZAL’S LAST HOURS

DEC 29, 1896 – Capt. Dominguez went to Rizal to inform him

about the verdict
He requested to be transferred to a prison chapel

He wrote many letters to his friends, family, etc

VISITORS OF RIZAL IN HIS LAST HOURS:

1. Fr. Miguel Saderra Mata

2. Fr. Luis Viza
3. Fr. Antonio Rosell
4. Lt. Taviel de Andrade
5. Fr. Federico Faura
6. Fr. Jose Villaclara
7. Fr. Vicente Balaguer
8. Santiago Mataix
9. Teodora Alonzo
10. Trinidad
11. Gaspar Castaño

He gave an alcohol lamp to Trinidad containing his last poem, Mi

Ultimo Adios

He signed a retraction “daw”

Cuz if he retracted as a catholic then why:

- He wasn’t given a proper burial

- He didn’t have a marriage cert
RIZAL’S MARTYRDOM

DEC 30, 1896 – they were walking to the prison sight

- He was wearing all black

- Accompanied by Fr. Villaclara
- He has a rosary in his hand
- He was calm omfg
- Requested kung pwede nakaharap siya when being shot
but was refused
- He refused to be blindfolded
DR. FELIPE RUIZ CASTILLO – checked Rizal’s vitals and was
surprised to find it normal

CONSUMMATUM EST – it is finished, last word of Rizal

After his execution, the SPN national anthem was played and
people rejoiced

7:03am – time of death

THE MISTERY OF THE MISSING GRAVE

Before his execution, his fam went to the Spanish authorities to
request to get Rizal’s body after his death.

However, when they got to the execution site, R’s body was gone
SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL – seized R’s body and put it in
a box
He was buried in Paco Cemetery

Narcisa paid to dig up R’s body and give him a proper grave with
his inverted initials (RPJ)