Software Engineering
a.a. 2019-2020
Introduction to Spring Framework
Prof. Luca Mainetti
Università del Salento
Roadmap
■ Introduction to Spring
■ Dependency Injection and IoC
■ Bean
■ AoP
■ Module Architecture
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What Is Spring Framework?
■ Spring is the most popular application development
framework for Java enterprise
■ Open source Java platform since 2003.
■ Spring supports all main application servers and JEE
standards
■ Spring handles the infrastructure so you can focus on your
application
■ Current version: 5.0.X
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What does Spring offer?
■ Dependency Injection
– Also known as IoC (Inversion of Control)
■ Aspect Oriented Programming
– Runtime injection-based
■ Portable Service Abstractions
– The rest of spring
• ORM, DAO, Web MVC, Web, etc.
• Allows access to these without knowing how they actually work
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Dependency Injection
■ The technology that actually defines Spring (Heart
of Spring).
■ Dependency Injection helps us to keep our classes
as indepedent as possible.
– Increase reuse by applying low coupling
– Easy testing
– More understandable
An injection is the passing of a dependency (a service) to a dependent
object (a client). Passing the service to the client, rather than allowing
a client to build or find the service, is the fundamental requirement of
the pattern.
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Dependency Injection and Inversion of Control
(IoC)
In software engineering, inversion of control (IoC)
describes a design in which custom-written
portions of a computer program receive the flow
of control from a generic, reusable library.
■ The Inversion of Control (IoC) is a general concept,
and it can be expressed in many different ways and
dependency Injection is merely one concrete
example of Inversion of Control.
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IoC container
■ The Spring container (IoC Container) is the core of
the Spring Framework.
■ The container will create the objects, wire them
together, configure them, and manage their
complete lifecycle from creation till destruction
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IoC container
■ The container gets its instructions on what objects to
instantiate, configure, and assemble by reading
configuration metadata provided.
■ The configuration metadata can be represented either by:
– XML
– Java annotations
– Java code.
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What is a Bean?
■ Typical java bean with a unique id
■ In spring there are basically two types
– Singleton
• One instance of the bean created and referenced each time it is
requested
– Prototype (non-singleton)
• New bean created each time
• Same as new ClassName()
■ A Spring IoC container manages one or more
beans
■ Beans are normally created by Spring as late as
possible
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Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP)
■ AOP entails breaking down program logic into distinct
parts called concerns.
■ The functions that span multiple points of an
application are called cross-cutting concerns and these
cross-cutting concerns are conceptually separate from
the application's business logic.
■ AOP is like triggers in programming languages such as
Perl, .NET, Java and others.
■ Examples of cross-cutting concerns:
– Logging
– Security
– Transaction
– Caching
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Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP)
■ Cross-cutting
T
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S BookingService a
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g a
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CommentService n
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Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP)
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Spring Modules
■ The Spring
Framework consists
of features organized
into about 20
modules.
■ These modules are
grouped into Core
Container, Data
Access/Integration,
Web, AOP (Aspect
Oriented
Programming),
Instrumentation, and
Test.
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