Solution for the Probability Distribution
Given Table:
x P(x)
0 0.12
1 0.18
2 0.3
3 0.15
4 0.1
5 0.1
6 0.05
Step 1: Complete the Missing Probability
The sum of all probabilities in a probability distribution must equal 1. So, we can calculate
the missing probability for P(4).
P(0) + P(1) + P(2) + P(3) + P(5) + P(6) = 0.12 + 0.18 + 0.30 + 0.15 + 0.10 + 0.05 = 0.90
Therefore, P(4) = 1 - 0.90 = 0.10
Step 2: Calculate the Expected Value (E(x))
The expected value E(x) is calculated using the formula:
E(x) = sum [x * P(x)]
Substitute the values from the table:
E(x) = (0 * 0.12) + (1 * 0.18) + (2 * 0.30) + (3 * 0.15) + (4 * 0.10) + (5 * 0.10) + (6 * 0.05)
E(x) = 0 + 0.18 + 0.60 + 0.45 + 0.40 + 0.50 + 0.30 = 2.43
Thus, the expected value E(x) = 2.43.
Step 3: Calculate the Variance and Standard Deviation
To calculate the variance σ², we use the formula:
σ² = sum [P(x) * (x - E(x))²]
First, calculate (x - E(x))² for each value of x, then multiply by P(x).
(0 - 2.43)² = 5.9049, (1 - 2.43)² = 1.8569, (2 - 2.43)² = 0.1849, (3 - 2.43)² = 0.3249,
(4 - 2.43)² = 2.4489, (5 - 2.43)² = 6.6081, (6 - 2.43)² = 12.9249
Variance = (0.12 * 5.9049) + (0.18 * 1.8569) + (0.30 * 0.1849) + (0.15 * 0.3249) + (0.10 *
2.4489) + (0.10 * 6.6081) + (0.05 * 12.9249)
Variance = 0.7086 + 0.3342 + 0.0555 + 0.0487 + 0.2449 + 0.6608 + 0.6462 = 2.6989
Standard Deviation = √2.6989 = 1.64
