Investigatory Project on Hooke's Law
Certificate
This is to certify that [Your Name], a student of Class 12, has successfully completed the
Physics project titled 'Hooke's Law' under the guidance of [Teacher's Name]. This project is
submitted as part of the practical work required for the CBSE curriculum.
Signature:
[Your Name]
[Teacher's Name]
[School Name]
Declaration
I hereby declare that the work presented in this project is my original effort and has not
been copied from any other source. The information presented here is for educational
purposes.
[Your Name]
Class 12
[School Name]
Acknowledgment
I am deeply grateful to my Physics teacher, [Teacher's Name], for their guidance and
encouragement throughout the completion of this project. I would also like to thank my
parents and friends for their support and assistance during the experiments.
Aim of the Project
To study and verify Hooke's Law and understand the relationship between force and
extension in elastic materials.
Introduction
Hooke's Law, discovered by Robert Hooke, states that the force required to extend or
compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance, provided the elastic
limit is not exceeded. It forms the basis of understanding elastic deformation in materials.
Theory
1. Statement of Hooke's Law: Within the elastic limit, the force exerted on an elastic object is
directly proportional to the displacement or deformation of the object.
F = kx
Where:
F = Force applied (N)
k = Spring constant (N/m)
x = Displacement (m)
2. Elastic Limit: The maximum extent to which a material can be stretched without
undergoing permanent deformation.
3. Applications:
- Design of springs
- Measurement instruments like dynamometers
- Structural engineering and material testing.
Apparatus Required
1. Helical spring
2. Weights (varying masses)
3. Weight hanger
4. Meter scale
5. Retort stand with clamp
6. Pointer (optional)
Law
Hooke's Law relates the force applied on an elastic body to the deformation produced in it.
This relationship is fundamental in material science and engineering.
Procedure
1. Suspend the spring vertically from a clamp stand.
2. Attach a pointer to the lower end of the spring to measure extension.
3. Record the initial position of the spring on the meter scale.
4. Add a known weight to the spring and record the new position.
5. Calculate the extension by subtracting the initial position from the new position.
6. Repeat the steps for different weights and tabulate the data.
7. Plot a graph of Force (F) versus Extension (x). The graph should be a straight line,
verifying Hooke's Law.
Observations
Tabulate the data as follows:
1. Weight (N)
2. Initial Position (cm)
3. Final Position (cm)
4. Extension (cm)
Conclusion
The experiment validates Hooke's Law. The force applied is directly proportional to the
extension produced in the spring within the elastic limit. The spring constant (k) can be
calculated from the slope of the Force vs. Extension graph.
Bibliography
1. NCERT Physics Textbook for Class 12
2. Online resources on Hooke's Law and elasticity
3. Physics Practical Manual
