LAB 6
Muscle II
Appendicular Muscular System
Objectives:
• To know the correct muscle and bone marking locations for IM injections.
• To be able to differentiate between a twitch and tetany.
• Identify the specific location and action of selected appendicular skeletal muscles.
• Know the origin, insertion, nerve and action of specific appendicular muscles.
Lecture topics associated with this lab:
• Go over the preferred sites for intramuscular injections, pointing out the relevant
muscles and bone markings involved.
• Identify and locate major muscles and required insertions, origins, actions and
nerve supply.
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Lab 6 Muscle II
Pre-Lab Questions
1. Name two muscle terms that describe the size of the muscle.
minor, maximus
2. Name two muscle terms that describe the number of origins.
biceps, triceps
3. Name two muscle terms that describe the shape of muscle.
deltoid, trapezius
4. What muscles make up the rotator cuff? Why is this an area that is prone to injury?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor.
wide movement of the joint makes it prone to injury
5. What muscles support and maintain the pelvis?
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, iliopsoas, ITB, piriformis,
quadratus femoris
6. What is a pulled hamstring?
a group of muscles on the posterior side of the thigh
7. Define: twitch and tetany
one muscle ber’s response to single nerve impulse.
tetany - sustained contraction without relaxation
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Lab 6 Muscle II
This is a
Laboratory Exercises cadaver lab.
A. Name, Location and Action of Skeletal Muscles:
1. Using your textbook, muscle charts, the skeletal and muscle models as well as
your own body, locate the following muscles. Practice contracting each of the
muscles to see what bone and/or body movement results. For a select few
muscles, consider the origin and insertion and see if the action of the muscle
makes sense in terms of these points of attachment. You will also study these
muscles when you go into the cadaver lab.
Fill in tables below.
TABLE 6.1
Muscles that move the Forearm:
Muscle Location Synergists Antagonists
Flexors:
Biceps anterior of the upper arm
brachioradialis,
brachii *For this muscle know: brachialis
triceps brachii
coracoid process, acromion
Origin:
radial tuberosity
Insertion:
Action: arm exion
Nerve: musculocutaneus nerve
Brachialis brachioradialis triceps brachii
deep to biceps brachii
Brachiora lateral side of the brachialis triceps brachii
dialis forearm
Extensors:
Triceps dorsal compartment of biceps brachii,
none brachioradialis,
brachii the upper arm
brachialis
Rotator:
pronator quadratus,
Pronator anterior forearm supinator
exor carpi ulnaris,
Teres palmaris longus
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TABLE 6.2
Muscles that move the Hand
Muscle Location Synergists Antagonists
Flexors:
Flexor carpi anterior part of the exor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi ulnaris
radialis forearm
Flexor carpi anterior part of the forearm exor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis,
palmaris longus
ulnaris
anterior part of the forearm, between extensor carpi radialis,
Palmaris exor carpi radialis and exor carpi exor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi ulnaris
longus ulnaris
Flexor fexor digitorum
extendor digitorum
anterior compartment of profundus
digitorum the forearm (deep)
superficialis
(deep)
Extensors:
Extensor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi brevis, brachioradialis, exor carpi ulnaris
posterior of the forearm
radialis supinator, extensor
digitorum, extensor carpi
longus ulnaris
Extensor carpi posterior of the forearm
Flexor carpi radialis, Abductor pollicis longus, exor
Palmaris longus digitorum super cialis and
ulnaris profundus, exor pollicis longus
Extensor Brachioradialis, Supinator, Flexor digitorum
posterior of the forearm Extensor Carpi radialis super cialis, Flexor
digitorum brevis and longus, digitorum profundus
Abductor pollicis longus,
Extensor pollicis brevis
and longus, Extensor digiti
minimi, Extensor carpi
ulnaris
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TABLE 6.3
Muscles that move the Thigh:
Muscle Location Synergists Antagonists
Anterior:
Psoas Major (iliopsoas) in the lumbar region
iliacus
gluteus maximus
of the trunk lateral to
(deep) the lumbar vertebrae
Illiacus (iliopsoas) inside hip bone, ts in psoas major gluteus maximus
(deep) the iliac fossa
Posterior:
Gluteus maximus posterior aspect of hip biceps femoris, iliacus, psoas major,
joint gluteus medius psoas minor
adductor magnus
Gluteus medius posterior aspect of hip gluteus maximus
tensor fasciae latae
joint, superior laterally
(deep) to gluteus maximus
Tensor fasciae latae
lateral aspect of the iliopsoas gluteus maximus
thigh
Adductors:
medial compartment of
Pectineus the thigh adductor magnus gluteus maximus
Adductor longus
medial compartment of adductor magnus gluteus maximus
the thigh
Adductor magnus medial compartment of
gluteus maximus
the thigh
(deep) adductor longus
Gracilis medial compartment adductor magnus gluteus maximus
of the thigh
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TABLE 6.4
Muscles that move the Leg:
Muscle Location Synergists Antagonists
Flexors:
Biceps femoris posterior of the thigh semitendenosis rectus femoris
(hamstring group)
Semitendinosus posterior of the thigh
(hamstring group) *For this muscle biceps femoris rectus femoris
know:
Origin:
ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
proximal end of tibia
Action:
extension, medial rotation of thigh;
exion and medial rotation of the leg
Nerve:
sciatic nerve
Semimembranosus posterior aspect of biceps femoris rectus femoris
(hamstring group) the thigh
anterior compartment of
Sartorius the thigh ilipsoas gluteus maximus
Extensors:
Rectus femoris anterior
vastus lateralis semitendinosus,
compartment of the
(quadriceps femoris vastus medialis semimembranosus,
thigh
and biceps femoris
group)
Vastus lateralis anterior
rectus femoris, vastus
gastrocnemius,
compartment of the gracilis, sartorius
(quadriceps femoris thigh medialis
group)
Vastus medialis
anterior rectus femoris, vastus gastrocnemius,
(quadriceps femoris compartment of the lateralis gracilis, sartorius
thigh
group)
Vastus intermedius anterior rectus femoris, vastus gastrocnemius,
(quadriceps femoris compartment of the medialis, vastus gracilis, sartorius
thigh; deep to rectus lateralis
group) (deep) femoris
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TABLE 6.5
Muscles that move the Foot:
Muscle Location
Dorsal Flexors
Tibialis anterior lateral surface of tibia
Extensor digitorum
anterior of the leg; lateral to tibialis anterior
longus
Plantar Flexors
Gastrocnemius
posterior of the leg
Soleus
posterior of the leg; deep to gastrocnemius
Everter:
Fibularis longus
lateral aspect of the leg
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Using your knowledge of muscles and bone markings, locate the following
four intramuscular injection sites on yourself and a partner. Refer to (Figure
6.1) below. Be able to describe anatomically where each intramuscular site
is located.
Intramuscular Injection Sites
Greater trochanter
of the femur
Lesser trochanter Acromian process
of the femur of the scapula
Deltoid muscle
Vastus lateralis Scapula
Vastus lateralis Deltoid
Dorsogluteal Ventrogluteal
Posterior superior Iliac crest
iliac spine Anterior
superior
Gluteus medius
iliac spine
Gluteus medius Gluteus Gluteus maximus
minimus
Gluteus maximus
Greater trochanter
of the femur
Greater trochanter
of the femur
Sciatic nerve
FIGURE 6.1: INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION SITES.
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Label figures 6.2 - 6.5.
deltoid
1
coracobrachialis 2
3
triceps brachii
biceps brachii
4
brachialis 5
Anterior view Posterior view
Superficial Upper Arm Muscles
FIGURE 6.2: SUPERFICIAL UPPER ARM MUSCLES.
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brachioradialis
1
1
brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis 7
4
exor carpi ulnaris
2 pronator teres
exor carpi ulnaris 4 extensor carpi ulnaris
8
3
exor carpi radialis
palmar longus 5 extensor digitorum
9
Anterior view Posterior view
Superficial Lower Arm Muscles
exor digitorum
super cialis
10
Anterior view
Deep
FIGURE 6.3: Lower Arm
FOREARM Muscles
MUSCLES.
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psoas major and minor
1
(Iliopsoas)
gluteus medius
2 iliacus 8
(Iliopsoas) tensor fasciae latae15
9 gluteus
picteneus maximus
3 adductor magnus
14
4 adductor longus rectus femoris 10 gracilis 5
5
gracilis vastus lateralis 11
biceps femoris semitendinosis
sartorius 12 16
6
iliotibial tract
13 semimembrinosis
(Connective tissue)
7 vastus medialis 17
2017
Anterior view Posterior view
Superficial Upper Leg Muscles
FIGURE 6.4: ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES.
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gastrocnemius
gastrocnemius 1
1 extensor digitorum longus
3
tibialis anterior 4
2 soleus
extensor digitalis
5 soleus
2
Posterior view
Anterior view
Superficial Lower Leg Muscles
FIGURE 6.5: ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR LEG MUSCLES.
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Answer the following questions:
a. Describe where the following structures are located.
illiotibial tract (band) lateral aspect of the thigh
calcaneal tendon
posterior of the leg, links calcaneus bone and
gastrocnemius muscle
b. What muscles perform flexion of the elbow?
biceps brachii, brachioradialis and the brachialis
c. What muscles perform flexion of the hip?
rectus femoris, iliacus, psoas, and sartorius muscles.
d. What muscles perform flexion of the knee?
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris
e. What muscles are involved in these movements?
Doing jumping jacks
gastrocnemius, soleus, quadriceps,gluteus medius, TFL, sartorius, pectineus,
gracilis, deltoid, supraspinatus, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major and
triceps brachii
Climbing the stairs
Quadriceps Femoris, Hamstrings, Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius, Psoas Major, Gluteus
Medius/Maximus
Walking
quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, hamstrings,
gluteus maximus, abdominis rectus
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For the elbow joint (the ulna and the humerus), list the muscles that move this joint.
Use your text and any other resources that are helpful.
Fill in the table below:
TABLE 6.6
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Syngergist Antagonist
exion and
biceps brachii scapula tuberosity of supination of brachialis, triceps brachii
radius forearm brachioradialis
supracondylar
styloid process forearm exion biceps brachii,
brachioradialis ridge of triceps brachii
of radius brachialis
humerus
Distal half of Coronoid process
anterior of the ulna; forearm exion biceps brachii,
Tuberosity of ulna triceps brachii
brachialis surface of brachioradialis
humerus
Long head: Olecranon biceps brachii,
infraglenoid process of ulna extension of the arm brachioradialis,
triceps brachii none brachialis
tubercle of
scapula
Lateral head:
above the radial
groove
Medial head:
below the radial
groove
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Lab 6 Muscle II
Summary Questions
1. Of the muscles you have studied, how many act as flexors of the upper extremity?
Name them:
biceps brachii, coracobrachialis and brachialis
muscles
2. Of the muscles you have studied, how many act as flexors of the lower extremity?
Name them:
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, sartorius,
popliteus, and gastrocnemius.
3. Of the muscles you have studied, how many act as extensors of the upper
extremity? Name them:
triceps brachii, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor digitorum,
extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris
4. Can muscles sometimes act as synergistic pairs and other times act as antagonistic
pairs? If yes, give an example.
Yes.
The exor carpi radialis and the exor carpi ulnaris are synergists when they both ex the wrist. But, they are
antagonists - exor carpi radialis abducts the wrist and the exor carpi ulnaris adducts the wrist
5. Muscles that have opposing actions (like the biceps brachii and triceps brachii) are
antagonists
called ________________________.
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6. Identify the muscle (s) responsible for each of the following movements. Perform
the stated action and feel what muscle is contracting.
stand on your toes
gastrocnemius, soleus
“make a muscle” (arm)
biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
cross your legs
quadriceps femoris, TFL, adductor longus
stand on your heels
extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior
make a fist
exor carpi radialis, and exor carpi ulnaris
sit cross-legged (tailor sitting)
rectus femoris, sartorius, piriformis, psoas major, iliacus
7. Name the muscles of the quadriceps femoris group.
Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius
8. Name the muscles of the hamstring group.
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris
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