Ihtoductian to digita| Comtol 5y5
Digltal conteol system 3
Ine system usinq combinatin at continuus time
sighals ahd discaete time signals called as.
digital Comt ystem.
Advantaqes ot digital cnto) syst-mi
D Data processing tunth the help of digital comtzclles
Is strajght fruard and fast
DThe cample calcdatnS Can be perfomed veny eqslly
9 The Sanpling vedues,póueY demahd made n the sighal.
D The time shgrinq betweeh different input Sighals
usihg a S0ngle Cont equipnet is passlbk
s) nuttiple xinq a- Mae than cne chahnel ot infcmatom
Can be seq uentially sam pled and tahs mitted thagh a
single tans mjs In syste nn.
diqtal contelley qre Sype m qs less senshv tolchKMent.
2 The dig1tal pro (eSSS ane cmpact light in wsi_ht fuesatje
) The (ost ot proresseY { clgltal Conputer.
psaduantaqesi
DDesighn f digital contzatley is Veay much complex.
2 The Sampling pocess tend to esut ín me
enaswhich affectsin the peofoymgn ce
DEinÍte undlength
Block diaqzq) ct 5ampkd data contrl syste m
Sampler
Yt) eCt) et)digitl) Dhce
DAC ntn-|
analog hold ckt Us
CoYinxs Sampled ti me f
time VP sghal Cont1ngous
slghal.
feedbacK Slgnal
et) etu)
>t
Sqmple
ContinuNs slgnal sAmpled shhal.
CEXPkFaton fon ntbk)
Sample Y A simple swjtch is Used as a SampleY,
minuUs t Me
Ihe Sampler (mve xtsthethe
et t).he
eKY Slghal ect) in to sampled Signal
SUitch s opeated aftex ecay T Secnds toqet the
train ot shat duxation pulses.
Ihe swltch s closcd fy a Vey shat
apen
duYatiN ot time sas 4T ahd t Ycmahs
cpeated fex
fo Sme tme Lhls Gpeya tim is dehoted as
Egucd time ot inteaVal. Time ponod
S such sampllng called s pemadIc samplitg
SAMplin4 proess - X).
TOPut
-3T-2T-T a T 27 3T
1. Spt)
unit impulse totIn
2)
1 X)
G)
-3T-2T-To T2T 3T
t
xt)= éaCKT) SCtFT)
impse fun Is inf1pite - But the
Ihe aDplitude of gny
slghal tn lhe fom of impulse is
Value af o/p tanchm. tYea indicated
but the qreq at
nothing calledsteng th at tuncion
Ienglh ot amoW
by called as elghted impulse
ahd impulse
Reconstructian and hold cyit- Czot /fotl
The sqmpled siqhal povded by_ the sampling pess
isthe tain st yciah
wclgh ted impu/ses the main.
purposr st hold chuit sis to fil ih the spates
be tlwcen the sampling insi4nts qhd ughly
VEmstrct the nginal con tinious time slqh al.
shannns samping TheeM:
X(t) Rtct) Xhct)
ct)
Att)
t
3
Ongina) signal sampled slghed Recantctd signct
A Coninuus time slqnal cgn be convented ih to
Sampled sighal r c9n be ¬gqih back nly ahd
cmly it the samplilng fcq:ny (F) s graley
than equal to the tence of the maiMum
frequenty af the input siqna
fs 2 Fmax
Thusthere qYe tuo parts st Sampling theyem,
the frst Is aht samplin Ahd the Second
pat is abaut yecnstucim.
* Nyguist Rate &when (he sAMpling xate becomes
exacty equct t the 2Fmaa Smples/st cond fr
HZ theh called as
s0anal bandwid th Emq H2
uygst te
uust ate 2 Fmax
Cate
t Practical Aspects st chajce ot 54mpling Rate.
D Alqsinq and l6ss st intonabam: The se lectin of
Sampling 2ate based m Fmax isIS not the prope
appoach a5 super impasitin Gt high fequeny (ompament
n the tow frequehcy cUses dlising. Jhis causes
Jnfomq tion gnd djsterbm while yec nstucm.
D DIsturbgnce due to NIse i- Thene aYe high
fequency noise
noise cmpcments eXsthing tn Cntel system
Ihis isqVided using ahaloq filtens
3 Destabitizing etfect due to dead time
Ih analo qsystem,the slghas qc Continuns
but in the digital system ,dead time cX0s ts dut to
Con yeysnal and cmputatinal time cqulred in
dlgital algnthm :
This dead time cquses phase [Link] Causes
destabilizing eltect n digital Com tel system Hence itt is
netessay to investigate siabity wsthxespect ta sampling
)Effe ct sf alqorithm
accuYqy -
Many dgital
algcomthms are sbtained frm dnaloqalqmthm
by th process ot disoctizabn'. In such
tanstmatn some e I s 0ccus qhd are
larqe fa higheY samplin q Yalc
Effect of Wod length 8- 1f
If saMplinq is dane
Very fast, ie T is Veyshot the i Word lsngth
must be |ong To differchtiate egual sdmples
wjth theiy equal maghitude 4rgei wYd
Jength zequjred. 1hI may (ause enYS in
Imple mentihq geCUYsIVe algcrithms hence
ulth this comsldenabing samplin ate shauld
be selected.
