This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal

course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

© 2012 Chevron
© 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Subsea Considerations

Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Objectives
This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

 Use the kill line pressure gauge to help maintain constant BHP.
 Mitigate the effects of choke line friction when circulating a kick from
the well.
 Properly remove trapped stack gas from the subsea BOP.
 Calculate the riser margin for subsea operations.
 Review requirements of the Chevron Global Well Control Standard as
it pertains to subsea considerations

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

What is Choke Line Friction (CLF)?

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

Choke line friction is the friction

pressure generated while circulating
SICP = 375 psi
through the choke line.
 If ignored, this “annular” friction
pressure could be sufficient to CLF = 350 psi @ 30 spm

fracture the formation at the casing

shoe or deeper in the wellbore. 10,000 ft TVD

BHP increases by 350 psi.

12,000 ft TVD

18,000 ft TVD
BHP?

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Measuring CLF
This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

 Circulate down the choke line and up the riser, and record as CLF
(allow time pressures to stabilize as the mud “conditions”).
 Measure and record CLF and the corresponding rates at rates typical
for well control operations (10 spm, 20 spm, 30 spm, etc.)

According to the Well Control Requirements Global Technical Standard:

 At a minimum, measurements shall be taken prior to drilling out the
first casing string, after installing the BOP, and after any significant
change in mud weight or mud properties
 The defined time and methodology shall be included in the bridging
document.

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
 This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

© 2012 Chevron
40
30
20
SPM

Static:

Dynamic:
4
3
2
BPM

BHP = HPAnn + CP
Compensating for CLF

600
350
150
CLF

© 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc.

 Using the casing pressure gauge:

250
200
150
ΔCLF

All Rights Reserved.

BHP = HPAnn + CP + CLF + FrPAnn

Company Confidential.
BHP CSG PRESS SPM
0
25
5
30

10
15
20
25

0
225
375

200
100
100
200
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Compensating for CLF, (Continued)

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

Using Kill Line Gauge When BPUTS

Using kill line pressure or BOP sensor:

 The benefit of using the kill line is
that it is “static”, and therefore has
no friction pressure.
 BPUTS holding the KLP or BOP
gauge constant.
 Choke pressure will decrease by
the amount of CLF that exists at
that flow rate.
 A static kill line gauge can be used
to keep constant BHP, much like a
casing pressure gauge on a
surface stack.

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
 This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

© 2012 Chevron
Summary of options:

 Use BOP sensor if available.

© 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc.

All Rights Reserved.
 Use the static kill line pressure gauge.
Compensating for CLF, (Continued)

Company Confidential.
 Back out choke line friction from the CP gauge as appropriate.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

CLF Example
This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

KMW at the bit:

Given data:
DPP = 500 psi
 OMW = 12.2 ppg
CP = 25 psi  LOT = 13.0 ppg

 SICP = 375 psi

CLF = 350 psi @ 30 spm  CLF @ 30 spm = 350 psi

 FCP = 500 psi

10,000 ft TVD
What is the shoe pressure while
circulating (EMW)?

25 psi + 350 psi

12,000 ft TVD Shoe Pressure EMW = + 12.2 ppg
.052 x 12,000 ft

18,000 ft TVD Shoe Pressure = 12.8 ppg

EMW

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

CLF as KMW Approaches the Surface

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

As kill mud is circulated from the bit to the surface:

 DPP is being held constant.
 The choke is gradually being opened.
 Once the choke is fully open, further increases in the hydrostatic
pressure and CLF cannot be backed off, and will thereafter increase
downhole pressure.
 CLF has the greatest effect as KMW reaches the surface.

Excessive CLF near the end of the kill could fracture the shoe.

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

CLF Example, (Continued)

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

KMW approaches the surface: Given data:

DPP = 860 psi
 KMW = 12.6 ppg
CP = 0 psi  LOT = 13.0 ppg

 CLF @ 30 spm = 360 psi

CLF = 360 psi @ 30 spm

10,000 ft TVD

0 psi + 360 psi

12,000 ft TVD Shoe Pressure = + 12.6 ppg
.052 x 12,000 ft

18,000 ft TVD Shoe Pressure EMW = 13.2 ppg

Excessive CLF near the end of the kill could fracture the shoe.
© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Mitigating the Effect of CLF

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

 Select a rig with large diameter choke lines.

 Operations:
– Reduce the kill rate.
– Circulate up both the choke and kill lines.
– When kill mud reaches the BOP, isolate the wellbore and displace the
choke and kill lines with kill mud.

You have to do something! CLF will eventually increase BHP.

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Using Both Choke and Kill Lines

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

Advantages:
 Cuts the flow rate in half
 Reduces friction pressure by ~75 percent

Disadvantages:
 Unless the BOP has a pressure sensor:
– Friction must be backed out manually
– Will require circulating frictions to be taken through both choke and kill
lines (together)
 Potential loss of redundancy if both lines plug

Using both choke and kill lines requires pre-planning.

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Turning Point Question 1

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

The second circulation of the Driller’s method is being

performed and KWM is being circulated. What is the effect on
BHP if CLF is greater than the CP while circulating KWM up
the choke line if the choke is fully opened and DPP continues
to increase?

1. BHP remains unaffected.

2. BHP will increase.

3. BHP will decrease due to loss of CP.

4. Depends on the well depth.

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Turning Point Question 2

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

What options do we have if CLF is greater than the CP while

circulating KWM up the choke line if the choke is fully opened
and DPP continues to increase?

1. Reduce pump rate

2. Shut down, isolate wellbore, and displace KWM down the
KL, across our stack, and up the CL
3. Circulate up both the CL & KL
4. All of above

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Turning Point Question 3

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

Pumps are at kill rate. Determine ICP.

Casing pressure gauge
Drill pipe pressure gauge

1500
1500
1000 2000
1000 2000
500 2500
500 2500 400 psi
SICP
1000 psi 0 3000
500 PSI
0 3000
SIDPP
400 PSI
Kill line pressure gauge

1. 1,000 psi 1500

1000 2000
2. 900 psi 500 2500
SIKLP 650 psi
3. 600 psi 500 PSI 0 3000

4. 850 psi

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Turning Point Question 4

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

Pumps are at kill rate. Determine CLF pressure.

Casing pressure gauge
Drill pipe pressure gauge

1500
1500
1000 2000
1000 2000
500 2500
500 2500 400 psi
SICP
1000 psi 0 3000
500 PSI
0 3000
SIDPP
400 PSI
Kill line pressure gauge

1. 1,000 psi 1500

1000 2000
2. 600 psi
500 2500
3. 100 psi SIKLP 650 psi
0 3000
500 PSI
4. 250 psi

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Turning Point Question 5

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

A gas kick is being circulated out using the Driller’s Method,

¾ of the way into the circulation, the choke operator notices
the CP has reached MISICP and is continuing to increase.

What immediate action should not be taken at this time?

1. Open choke to prevent CLP from exceeding MISICP and

breaking down the shoe.
2. Continue circulating holding BHP constant with small or no
safety factor.
3. Prepare for loss circulation.
4. Consider reducing pump rate.

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Well Control Requirement - Global Technical Standard

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

1. C&K lines shall be flushed and filled with current mud weight during
drilling operations

2. The choke and kill line(s) should be circulated at least once per tour.

3. Each pathway into the BOP (upper choke valves, lower choke
valves, upper kill valves, and lower kill valves) shall be individually
pumped through to verify that each pathway is open and clear of
obstruction.

4. The choke and kill lines should be circulated prior to bringing pumps
up to speed (BPUTS) during a kick event to prevent the excess
friction effects of “breaking circulation.”

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
 This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

© 2012 Chevron
Trapped Stack Gas

© 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc.

All Rights Reserved.
Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Clearing Stack Gas

This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

 Considerations:
– Procedures are rig specific.
– Isolate the wellbore! (Very important.)
– Consider the gas volume at the surface using Boyle’s Law.
 Need to replace riser fluids:
– Consider boost line pump rates.

Well kill drills shall be conducted to verify crew knowledge of the rig-
specific well kill procedure and shall include discussion and/or simulation of
the procedures, including clearing the stack of gas after the well kill if
conducted on a floating rig.

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Hanging Off
This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

Advantages:
 Minimizes trapped stack gas
 Prepared to disconnect
 Reduces annular preventer wear
Disadvantage:
 Possible differential sticking (unable to move the pipe)

In order to meet requirements set by the Global Well Control Requirement

Standard, each rig shall have defined requirements for pipe hang off operations
(i.e. Method, Set down weight or tension, Annular hang off, Ram capacity
limitations, and BSR considerations)

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.

Riser Margin
This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.

A B
The MW increase below the mud line to
compensate for the removal of the riser to
maintain an equivalent BHP
(Sea Water = 0.445 psi/ft).

Air Calculate the riser margin in condition B to

Gap
87 ft
balance the well if the riser is disconnected.

4087 ft x .052 x 9.0 = 1912 psi

(4000 ft x .445 psi/ft = 1780 psi)

4000 ft
= Δ132 psi

132 psi = 1000 ft x .052 x ΔMW

MW = Δ2.54 ppg

1000 ft MW = 9.0 ppg Increase MW to 11.6 ppg

© 2012 Chevron © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential.
 This course material, and the content provided herein, is intended exclusively for internal Chevron use by internal course participants and is not to be shared outside the Company.
Further, these course materials are not to be copied, distributed, or otherwise used for any internal or external purpose other than their utilization as a learning resource for this particular course.





© 2012 Chevron
operations.
Riser Margin, (Continued)

© 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc.

All Rights Reserved.
– Cannot depend on hydrostatic pressure.
Normally impractical due to weak formations.

Company Confidential.
MW is still 9.0 ppg
Riser integrity is critical for primary well control during drilling
Emergency disconnect procedures become particularly critical.

132 psi
B