LESSON 0

ARCHITECTURE (INDIGENOUS INFRASTRUCTURE AND FORMAL BUILDING)

1. ARCHITECTURE
is both the process and the product of planning, designing and constructing buildings or any other
structures.
2. INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE
is a great deal of value to how far mankind and civilization has managed to create beautiful industrial
structures, all reflecting their own individual style and inspiration of the architect behind them.
3. INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
a building derived from or use from industry or the commercial manufacture of goods. No single building
type exists in a greater divergence of scales, styles, shapes, materials and other variables, than industrial
structure.
4. FORMAL BUILDINGS
a structure such as a house, hospital, school, ect) with a roof and walls that is used as a place for people to
live, work and do activities.
5. SACRED PLACE
 sacred means revered due to sanctity, is in general the state of being holy (perceived by religious
individuals as associated with divinity) or sacred (considered worthy of spiritual respect or
devotion; or inspiring awe or reverence among believers)
 a sacred place is viewed as a site with great significance to one’s culture or religion

5.1. FUNCTION OF MOSQUE

 the primary function of the mosque is to serve as a space for common prayer.
 it has significance in Islam because the community gathers and worships there, not because of the
character of the place. ...
 the mosque is sacred space according to the definition of sacred space as a place of ritual and a
place of meaning.

6. CEREMONIAL

*Use in or done as part of ceremony without real power or influence

*Marked by, involve in, or belonging to ceremony

*Stressing carefull attention to form and detail.

6.1. CEREMONIAL PRACTICES

 Baptize, Christening, Communion, Wedding, Mass, Offering

6.2. FUNCTION OF CEREMONIAL

 A position, function, or event that is ceremonial is considered to be representative of an institution, but has
very little authority or influence
 Consists of all the impressive things that are dine, said, and worn on very formal occasion.
LESSON 1
HISTORY OF EMBROIDERY
 originally stems from China and the Near East
 In 30,000 BC archaeologists found fossilized remains of hand-stitched and decorated clothing
items, boots and even hats.
EMBROIDERY
 decorates fabric using a needle to apply thread, yarn, and sometimes materials like pearls, beads,
quills, and sequins.
Types of Embroidery (OW CPS)
 Outline Embroidery
Outline embroidery involves stitching the outlines of a design onto fabric. It's like drawing with
thread, where the focus is on creating clear lines and shapes.
 White Work Embroidery
White work embroidery uses white thread on white fabric. It often includes intricate patterns and
textures, creating a subtle and elegant look.
 Candle Wicking Embroidery
Candle wicking embroidery is a type of white work that uses heavy, soft cotton thread to create
textured patterns, often including knots and raised stitches, giving a puffy appearance.
 Patch Work Embroidery
Patchwork embroidery combines pieces of fabric sewn together to form a larger design. It's like
making a quilt but with added decorative stitches to enhance the look.
 Shadow Work Embroidery
Shadow work embroidery uses sheer fabric and stitches from the back so the design shows through
faintly on the front, creating a soft, shadowy effect.
LESSON 2: Uses and Maintenance of Basic Tools and Materials in Embroidery
TOOLS
1. Gauge- is a tool used for short distance measurement.
2. Tape Measure- is a tool used for measuring distance of more than one foot of materials.
3. Thimble- is a small, pitted cup worn in the finger that protects the finger from being pricked or
poked by a needle while sewing.
4. Embroidery hoop/ Stiletto – used to hold fabric taut while stitching.
5. Embroidery Thread- specialized thread used in embroidery projects, designed to be strong,
smooth, and colorfast, available in various materials, colors, and thicknesses.
6. Scissors- sharp embroidery scissors are vital for cutting threads cleanly. Keep them clean and dry
to prevent rusting.
7. Needles- different types and sizes are used for various embroidery techniques. Store needles in a
needle case or container to prevent loss and keep them organized. Replace needles when they
become dull.
MATERIALS
 Beads and Sequins - decorative elements added to enhance the embroidery.
 Ribbons - sometimes incorporated into the design for additional texture and color.
 Thread- has various types that differ in texture, color, number of strands and fiber content.
Threads are normally coded in numbers and in colors.
 Fabric- often called as a fabric is of great variety and diff ers in material, weight, weaving, style,
color, and finish.
a. Common weave- comprises the tightest woven fabrics with a smooth surface, such as linen, wool
and cotton.
b. Even weave- is intended for handlanger embroidery where the threads are the same for warp and
woof per square inch.
c. Basket weave- ramie linen is commonly used by beginners. It offers instructions for cross
stitching and smocking having a pattern that is equally spaced like gingham fabric and polka dots.
LESSON 3:
EMBROIDERY STITCHES
 embroidery stitches are the various techniques used to create patterns and textures on fabric
1. Chain Stitch
 Creates a series of looped stitches resembling a chain, often used to outline a flower or
decorative border.
2. Cross Stitch
 Forms X-shaped stitches, typically worked on a grid, used to create detailed pictures like
samplers or landscapes.
3. Split Stitch
 Each new stitch splits the previous one, creating a solid, textured line, often used to outline
designs or add texture to elements like tree trunks.
4. Satin Stitch
 long, straight stitches closely placed together to fill an area smoothly, used to fill in shapes
like flower petals or the body of a butterfly.
5. Stem Stitch
 Creates a twisted line resembling a plant stem, used to embroider the stems of flowers or to
outline curves and spirals.
6. Back Stitch
 Involves sewing backward on the fabric to form a continuous line, ideal for outlining shapes
and adding detailed lines, such as the outline of a leaf.
7. French Knot
 A small, tight knot formed by wrapping the thread around the needle before inserting it back
into the fabric, used to create the centers of flowers or add small, raised dots, such as eyes on
a face.
8. Running Stitch
 Simple, evenly spaced stitches that go in and out of the fabric in a straight line, used to create
dashed lines or simple borders, like around a handkerchief.
9. Lazy Daisy Stitch
 A looped stitch anchored at one end to form a petal or leaf shape, commonly used to make
flowers, where each loop represents a petal of a daisy.
10. Herringbone Stitch
 Crisscross stitches that create a zigzag pattern, used to fill large areas with a decorative,
textured pattern, like a background in floral embroidery.
LESSON 4: PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
1. Balance
 Achieving balance involves distributing visual weight evenly across the embroidery design.
This can be achieved through symmetrical placement of elements or asymmetrical balance
where different elements are arranged in a way that creates equilibrium.
2. Unity
 Unity refers to the harmony and coherence of the design elements. Embroidery designs
should have a cohesive look and feel, with elements that work together to convey a unified
theme or message.
3. Emphasis
 Emphasis is about creating focal points within the embroidery design to draw the viewer's
attention. This can be achieved through the use of color, contrast, size, or placement of
elements.
4. Proportion
 Proportion involves the relationship between the sizes of different elements within the
embroidery design. It's important to maintain proper proportions to ensure that the overall
design looks visually pleasing and well-balanced.
5. Rhythm
 Rhythm refers to the movement or flow created by repeating patterns or motifs within the
embroidery design. Consistent repetition of elements can create a sense of rhythm and visual
interest.
6. Contrast
 Contrast involves the use of differences in color, texture, shape, or size to create visual
interest and drama in the embroidery design. Contrasting elements help to highlight important
parts of the design and create depth.
7. Harmony
 Harmony is the overall sense of unity and coherence achieved through the careful selection
and arrangement of design elements. A harmonious embroidery design feels balanced and
visually pleasing to the viewer.
LESSON 5: ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
1. Line
 lines are created by stitches and can vary in thickness, length, and direction. They define
shapes, outline details, and create patterns.
2. Shape
 are formed by the arrangement of stitches and can be geometric, organic, or abstract. They
give structure to the design and convey recognizable forms such as flowers, animals, or
objects.
3. Color
 color adds vibrancy and visual interest to embroidery designs. Embroiderers can use a wide
range of thread colors to create depth, shading, and contrast within the design.
4. Texture
 texture refers to the surface quality of the embroidered fabric. Different stitches and thread
types can be used to create tactile textures, such as smooth satin stitches, fluffy French knots,
or raised bullion stitches.
5. Space
 space in embroidery refers to the area within and around the stitched elements. It can be
positive (occupied by stitches) or negative (empty areas between stitches) and is crucial for
creating balance and visual impact in the design.
6. Form
 form refers to the three-dimensional appearance of stitched elements. While embroidery is
typically a two-dimensional art form, certain stitches and techniques can create the illusion of
depth and volume.
7. Value
 value refers to the lightness or darkness of colors in the embroidery design. By varying the
density of stitches or using different shades of thread, embroiderers can create contrast and
depth in their designs.
8. Pattern
 patterns in embroidery are created by repeating motifs or sequences of stitches. They can be
simple or complex and are used to add rhythm, movement, and visual interest to the design.
LESSON 6: TRANFERRING DESIGNS
1. Tracing
 Place the design underneath the fabric and trace the lines using a washable fabric marker or
pencil. This method works well for simple designs and light-colored fabrics.
2. Transfer Paper
 Place transfer paper (also known as carbon paper) between the design and fabric with the
carbon side facing down. Trace over the design with a pen or stylus to transfer the image onto
the fabric.
3. Iron-On Transfer
 Print or draw the design onto iron-on transfer paper. Place the paper face-down onto the
fabric and iron over it with a hot iron. The heat transfers the design onto the fabric.
4. Water-Soluble Stabilizer
 Print or draw the design onto water-soluble stabilizer using an inkjet printer or by hand. Place
the stabilizer on top of the fabric and stitch through both layers. Once stitching is complete,
soak the fabric in water to dissolve the stabilizer, leaving behind the embroidered design.
5. Embroidery Pens and Pencils
 Use special pens or pencils designed for embroidery transfer. These pens create temporary
marks on the fabric that disappear with water or heat.
6. Tracing Wheel
 Place the design on top of the fabric and use a tracing wheel to transfer the design by rolling
it over the lines. This method creates small perforations on the fabric, which can be traced
over with a washable fabric marker.
7. Lightbox
 Place the design and fabric on top of a lightbox or bright window. The light shining through
the design makes it visible through the fabric, allowing you to trace the lines directly onto the
fabric.

LESSON 7: GOOD WORKING HABITS

 1. Organize Your Workspace
 Keep your embroidery supplies, tools, and materials organized and easily accessible. Use
containers, drawers, or shelves to store thread, fabric, hoops, and other accessories.
2. Plan Your Projects
 Before starting a new embroidery project, take the time to plan and prepare. Choose your
design, select appropriate materials, and gather all necessary supplies to avoid interruptions
during stitching.
3. Practice Regular Maintenance
 Keep your embroidery tools and equipment in good condition by cleaning them regularly and
replacing any worn-out or damaged items. This includes cleaning your embroidery machine
(if applicable) and sharpening your scissors.
4. Manage Your Time
 Set aside dedicated time for embroidery each day or week, depending on your schedule.
Breaking down your projects into smaller tasks and setting achievable goals can help you stay
on track and make progress consistently.
5. Take Breaks
 Embroidery can be a repetitive and physically demanding activity, so it's important to take
regular breaks to rest your eyes, stretch your muscles, and prevent fatigue or strain.
6. Experiment and Learn
 Embrace experimentation and continuous learning in your embroidery practice. Try new
stitches, techniques, and materials to expand your skills and creativity.
7. Stay Organized
 Keep track of your projects, designs, and supplies by maintaining a log or journal. This can
help you stay organized, track your progress, and reference past projects for inspiration.
8. Practice Patience
 Embroidery requires patience and attention to detail. Take your time with each stitch and
don't rush through your work. Enjoy the process and focus on the satisfaction of creating
something beautiful with your hands.

LESSON 8: PROJECT PLAN AN EMBROIDERY

1. Define Your Project Goals:
 Determine the purpose and objectives of your embroidery project. Are you creating a
decorative piece, a gift for someone special, or a functional item like a pillow or tote bag?
2. Choose Your Design:
 Select a design that aligns with your project goals and personal preferences. Consider factors
such as complexity, size, and style. You can choose from existing embroidery patterns, create
your own design, or customize a design to suit your needs.
3. Gather Materials and Supplies:
 Make a list of all the materials and supplies you'll need for your project, including fabric,
embroidery thread, stabilizers, needles, hoops, and any additional embellishments or
accessories.
4. Prepare Your Workspace:
 Set up a designated workspace for your embroidery project. Ensure you have adequate
lighting, a comfortable chair, and a flat surface to work on. Organize your materials and tools
for easy access.
5. Transfer the Design:
 Choose a method for transferring the design onto your fabric, such as tracing, transfer paper,
or a lightbox. Carefully transfer the design onto the fabric, making sure it's centered and
positioned correctly.
6. Plan Your Stitching:
 Break down the embroidery design into smaller sections or elements. Decide on the stitches
and techniques you'll use for each part of the design. Consider the sequence of stitching and
any special considerations, such as color changes or thread tension.
7. Stitching Schedule:
 Create a stitching schedule based on your available time and project timeline. Set realistic
goals for each stitching session, taking into account the complexity of the design and your
skill level.
8. Monitor Progress:
 Keep track of your progress as you work on your embroidery project. Use a project journal or
checklist to record your achievements, challenges, and any adjustments or modifications to
your original plan.
9. Finishing Touches:
 Once you've completed the embroidery work, review the finished piece for any errors or
imperfections. Make any necessary adjustments or repairs, and then proceed with any final
finishing touches, such as framing, mounting, or adding backing fabric.
10. Reflect and Celebrate:
 Take a moment to reflect on your embroidery project journey. Celebrate your
accomplishments, lessons learned, and the satisfaction of creating something beautiful with
your own hands. Share your finished piece with others and enjoy the sense of pride and
fulfillment it brings.