Data Handling

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Data
• Any kind of infonnation that has been collected and can be analysed is called data.
• It can be in the form of numbers, strokes, pictures etc,.
Tally Marks
We represent numbers in tally marks as follows:

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Tally Marks I 11 111 1111 U{1 U{1 I U{1 11 lH1 111 lt{1 1111 lH1 ~
t
• The strokes are called tally marks.
• Tally marks are quick way of counting numbers in groups of 5.

• We use a Tally Mark" I"for representing number of observations. _

• We use" I" for each observation and every fifth observation is represented
as" l}i1".
~ Common Errors
I I Represent 9 using tally marks
lllllllll(x) lH1 1111 (✓)
1. Shilpa's Mathematics teacher gave a project work
to her students. So, Shilpa needs some materials
to complete the project work. She goes to a shop
along with her sister to get the following items.
II gg
Com plet e the tabl e usin g tally marks.
Name of the
Material Number of items Tally Marks

Cardboard 6

Charts 12

Thermocol 4

Pens 8

I I I I
•
h.
• Information represented in picture form is called as pictograp
rstand.
• Data shown through pictures is attractive and easier to unde
• Each pictograph has a title and a key.
symbol represents.
• The key for a pictograph tells the number that each picture or
spor t of
The pict ogra ph give n belo w tells us the details of favourite
er the questions
stud ents of Classes IV & V. Read the pictograph and answ
give n belo w. ·
Title: Favourite spor t of students of Classes -IV & V

-
Football Q 0 © © ©
Volleyball © Q ©
Badminton 0 © © ©
Cricket © © © © © ©
I Key : @ = 5 students
c/UJkQ~
a. Whi_c h is the mos t pop ular sport?

b.
'f

How man y stud ents hke Football?

•
26
I
C. Which is the least pop ular sport? ¼J&~&il !
How many more students like Foo an Badminton?
15
d.
 ~ ) L e t' s S ta rt
B ar G ra ph
The residents of Anurag apart
ments planned to g_o f~r
I a picnic . So, they collected the
data of favourite picmc
\ sp ot of all the residents .

Th ey wa nt ed to represent the
information using a
pi cto gr ap h bu t they found tha
t it takes much time as the da
ta is large.
So, th ey represented the data
in the form of a ba r graph.
No w, let us kn ow wh at is a
ba r graph.
A bar graph is another way
of representing the data.
• A bar graph displays information
through rectangular bars of differ
equal width with equal space betw ent heights,
een them.
• The height of each bar represents the
numerical value of each item.
• A bar graph can be drawn verticall
y or horizontally.
• A bar graph always has a title and
a scale.
t • The title of a bar graph tells us ab
out the data being represented by the
• A bar graph is easy to draw, underst graph .
and and compare. •
In a bar graph,
• all the bars must have same width •• ·
.
• the distance between the consecu
tive bars must be same.
Vertical Bar Graph
Title : Fa vourite picnic spot of
Th e ba r gr ap h gi ve n he re tel residents of Anurag Aparhnems
ls us about
th e fa vo ur ite picnic sp ot of Scale : 1 unit = 5 people I
residents of 40 '
An ur ag Ap ar tm en ts.
Observe the given vertical bar ~
t 35 1---+-I---

graph. t3 0 I- -+ --" '---

~
1. W hi ch is th e m os t favourite ~2 5
't-
t 20
pi cn ic sp ot ? I~ ~~sort J ~
~
;::
15
2. H ow m an y re sid en ts' favou ~ 10
rite 1- -w ill~

pi cn ic sp ot is m us eu m ? 1r • -
•-
20 l i o___.-
5~ --- -
 3. How many residents' favourite picnic spot is Zoo? l 25 J
4. How many residents' favourite picnic spot is Resort? [~ s ]
5. Total how many residents participated in the Survey? [js + 35 + 20 + 20 ="iooJ
Horizontal Bar Graph
The below bar graph tells us about the favourite fruit of classes 1 to 5
students.
Observe the below horizo ntal bar graph.

Title : Favourite fruit of classes 1 to 5 students

Scale : 1 unit = 5 students

....~:::t
..t::._0range
~ 1---1--- +---+-- +--+--+ ---+---+ -+--+-- -t-----l
'5
't-
~ Mango 1---'--- +--'---- 4--+--- +--+-+ --+---+ ~r---i
~
Apple

l L -5
O 0_ 1..LS----L.20-----125:---:-'30:----:"3'::-5--=4'='"0-4~5--=s=o-S:!:S~60
.L,_l.J....
+ - - Number of students-. - •

Which is the most liked fruit? I Apple j

How many studen ts like orange? 25

3. How many more students like mango than pear? 10

4. How many studen ts participated in the survey? ~ O+ 25 + 40 + 55 = 150

 1. Th e fo llo wi ng ba r gr ap
h re pr es en ts th e nu m be r
Lo ok at th e ba r gr ap h an of an im als in a zo o.
d an sw er tli e fo llo wi ng qu st
e ion s.

Ti tle : Nu mb er of an im als
t 35
i,i a Zo o
Scale · 1 1111it = 5 n11i111nl.;
.
a. Ho w ma ny ra bb its ar e
th er e in th e zo o? 2c
~ 30 _
l::t
.§ 25 .' b . Ho w ma ny bi rd s ar e
~ 20 th er e in th e zo o? 3 Q
b0
t:; 15 c. Ho w m an y m or e de er
IO - t;
t
:,E
!
10
5
I•
,.,
ar e th er e th an tig er s? - 5
d. Ho w m an y les s ra bb
~s ~ _ 2o
ar e th er e th an bi rd sr \ (?
-
0
V,.:a.'o'o'-\J\o~e')
, ~ Na me
'\'-'t,e{ ue et
of the an im als --- +-
\)'\.ti"'
e. To tal ho w m an y anima
ls2D-+2~-t- 1
-
ar e th er e in th e zo o? Cfo _ 1

2. Th e m ar ks ob ta in ed by cla
ss- 4 stu de nt s in a M at he ma
be lo w. Lo ok at th e ba r gr tic s te st ~ e sh ow n
ap h an d an sw er the fo llo wi ng
ques ~ions.
a. W ho s~qr ed th e hi gh es t I
m ar ks ?
cba'1 u. Ti tle : Ma rk s sco red in Ma
the ma tic s
Scale : 1 un it = 5 Marks
w;-,0 s ored the least marks?
b.
oc1,1
c. H ow m an y m or e m ar ks
l
2l
ij
Bi nd u

~
Ali
di d Ni ki ta sc or e th an Bi nd
u? .a
lf-0 - 2-s- ;:- I ? u:i
~

'ii Ch arl ie
~ l-- 4- -+ -+ --+ --- 1- -1 --- +-
l-- -+ --+ -1
d . W ho s{ or ed 40 m ar ks ? ~

A/.ti (A ~
i: Ni kit a

e. W hi ch tw o st ud en ts sc
si em ar ks ?
or ed
l N eh a

~ · ciJJcl oa.bo. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
45 50 55
Number of ma rk s
 The bar graph shown below represents the marks obtained by Anu in sem-1.
Look at the bar graph and answer tlie following questions.

Title : Marks obtained by Am, a. In which subject Anu~ ot the

100
Scale : 1 unit= 10 marks highest marks? {Y]otbS
90 b. How many marks did she score

t
~
80
70
. H'md'?
m 1.

50
~
0
~
60 c. How many more marks she
U)
U)
..l(
50 scoM d i: Science than English?
l,.,
~ 40 'tJO -.ho ~ U")
~
30 d. In which two subjects she
.t 20 score~ same markf
5c.1onc o CJ{)d- soc1 ra~
.
10
e. Find the total marks obtained
I t- :½0 r,,'C\'b\\s'f\ \\\'C\o.\ ~'3,t'f\S sc\ef\ce soc\'3-\
by her out of 500. _ _ __
.,_ Name of the subjects _ .
b')t- ~O t~o t 8o f 80
The bar graph shown below represents the favourite breakfast of Class-4
children. Look at the ·bar graph and answer the following questions.

a. How many students like vada? Title: Favourite breakfast of class-4 students
Scale : 1 unit = 2 students

b. Which is the g1ost ) iked

l Vada

W.....,.l..At---
breakfast? --1-

c. How many students like idli? ·,·

,: ·1 '
....:i

la ~

~
~
Dosa
tai ' . ~;_, .. ~'(i

d. How many more students like

dosa than upma? l Idli
::;
·-··

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
- - Number of students
 I~ _ _____
, •UJ-11 - - - - ----:..
.. Can you do this ?
~ .J. The giv en bar graph represents th f
ourite ice cream flavour of
' few children in a colony. Look the :v graph and fill in the boxes
I at e ar
·
~I Fa vo uri te
Ice cre am fla vo ur Va nil la Choco late Str aw berr•Y Bu tte rsc otc h PistQ

Nu mb er of chi ldr en
6
No w, an sw er the fo llo wi ng qu Title:Favourite Ice ~ am ftav°!,r of chi
estion s. ldren
Scale : 1 umt = 10 children
1. WJ ~c~ is the least liked flavour?
Pr5 r{)..
2. W hic h i?J he mo st liked flavour?
Vonra ~>-
3. How ma ny mo re ch ild ren like
bu tte rsc otc h fla vo ur tha n
str aw be rry flavour?-6.,..o .........._ _
4. W hic h ice cre am fla vo ur is
,t
.,/
lik ed by 20 ch ild ren? PLsl-o,
5. Ho w ma ny ch ild ren pa rticipate
d
in th e su rv ey ? _ . ',7. ._.----_

\~~ --s
x -' " - - - - - -
(; - +"
Ac tiv ity Ti m e "" • • • ... • m c, .,. mi •
Collect the da ta of the fav ou rit
e colour of yo ur cla ssm ate s an
co mp let e the be low table. d

Fa vo ur ite co lou r Nu mber of

, children Ta lly M ar ks
e Green
- Pi nk
e Bl ue
- Re d
Yellow
am
' Quick Drill
..._
•1,., Title : StonJ books read by cllildrcn
I. Fill in the blanks . Scnle: 1 unit= 2 books
The bar graph given here represents t 14
12
number of books read by 4 friends.
~ 10
~
0
read most numbe r of books ~ 8 '

~ :'II

Stella read 4 books. ti 6 ~

E4
~
~ {{lJ)- read least number of books.
i~ f::t
y\l.\a ~~a \leet'(\a S\eia
EujL read 8 books. +- Names of the children _ .

True or False.
A bar graph can be drawn vertically and horizontally. [ TuJ
A bar graph does not have a title. [ FnJs~
A bar graph displays information through strokes. [ Fai~J
In a bar graph, all the bars must have equal width. [TJVJA

Let's Create
ind the strength of classes I to V of your school and represent it in a tabular
rm.
 Test Your Skills- 4
1. Write the following as indicated.
a. Write in decimal. b. Write in fraction.

2.
2.58 = -g::;:
(
2. Solve:
1
a. 32.57 + 24.35 b. 76.89 - 38.24

-;-
132.. b 7 7b~
2lf ,36

t
J 3. The following bar graph represents favourite flower of few florists.
Look at the bar graph and answer the following questions.

a. Which is the most liked Title: Favourite flower offlorists

flower? _E,rjf. Scale : 1 unit = 1florist

b. Which flower is liked by l Daisy

a.

-
~
6 florists?~ IU
1:$
C Aster -
~
IU b
C. Which ismast liked 'ii
~ Rose
flower? ~
~ C.
l::t
Z Orchid
d. How many florists like
Tulip? ___,1....__
l Tulip
d.

/J/1
t~
0 1 2
•
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Number offlorists ►
e.