REPORT
OF
(Material Use for Dam proofing &
Water proofing)
{COURCE: - Advance Construction Technology}
{COUREC CODE: -4350604}
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
K D POLYTECHNIC, PATAN
Opp T B hospital
HNGU Road, Patan- 384265
Year 2023-24 (TERM- 2022)
1|Page K.D. Polytechnic, Patan
Introduction
Material use for dam proofing & Water proofing
2|Page K.D. Polytechnic, Patan
Material use for dam proofing.
Damp-proofing refers to methods and materials used
to prevent moisture from entering a building's
structure. It is commonly applied to walls, floors, and
foundations to avoid damp issues that can cause
structural damage or Mold. Here are some common
materials used for damp-proofing:
Damp Proof Course (DPC)
Damp Proof Membrane (DPM)
Waterproofing Coatings
Injection Creams or Liquids
Waterproof Plaster or Render
Exterior Waterproofing Membranes
Polymer Modified Bitumen Sheets
Sealants and Epoxy Injections
Cavity Drain Membranes
3|Page K.D. Polytechnic, Patan
1. Damp Proof Course (DPC)
Material: Usually a layer of waterproof material
(bitumen, polyethylene, or slate) embedded in masonry
walls.
Application: Installed in walls near the base, typically a
few inches above ground level, to prevent moisture
from rising through capillary action.
2. Damp Proof Membrane (DPM)
Material: A thick, flexible sheet of plastic, usually
made from polythene (polyethylene).
Application: Used on floors or walls to form a barrier
against moisture coming through the ground. It's
commonly used beneath concrete floors.
4|Page K.D. Polytechnic, Patan
[Link] Coatings
Material: Cementitious coatings, bitumen-based
coatings, or liquid rubber products.
Application: Applied directly to the surfaces of
walls or floors. Cementitious waterproofing is
often used for below-grade walls and foundations.
4. Injection Creams or Liquids
Material: Silicone-based injection creams or liquid
damp-proofing solutions.
Application: Injected into masonry to form a
chemical barrier against rising damp. The product
is absorbed into the bricks, creating a water-
repellent layer.
5|Page K.D. Polytechnic, Patan
[Link] Plaster or Render
Material: Plaster or cement render mixed with
waterproofing additives or applied with
waterproof coatings.
Application: Applied to internal walls to prevent
moisture from affecting the plaster surface.
[Link] Waterproofing Membranes
Material: Asphalt, rubberized asphalt, or plastic
membranes.
Application: These are installed on the exterior of
foundations and basements to block moisture from
seeping into the building.
6|Page K.D. Polytechnic, Patan
7. Polymer Modified Bitumen Sheets
Material: A blend of bitumen and polymers.
Application: Installed on roofs, basements, and
walls as a barrier against moisture, often with a
self-adhesive backing.
8. Sealants and Epoxy Injections
Material: Sealants (such as polyurethane or
silicone) and epoxy resins.
Application: Used to seal cracks and joints in
concrete walls or floors to prevent water ingress.
7|Page K.D. Polytechnic, Patan
Material use for water proofing.
Waterproofing involves using materials and
techniques to prevent water from penetrating or
damaging structures. This is essential in areas
prone to moisture, like roofs, basements,
balconies, and foundations. Here are some
common materials used in waterproofing:
Cementitious Waterproofing
Liquid Waterproofing Membrane
Bituminous Membrane (Asphalt-based)
Polyurethane Waterproofing
EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) Rubber
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Membrane
Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) Membrane
Polymer-Modified Bitumen
Waterproofing Sheets or Membranes
Bentonite Clay
Crystalline Waterproofing
Silicone or Acrylic Sealants
Elastomeric Coatings
Geotextiles
8|Page K.D. Polytechnic, Patan
1. Cementitious Waterproofing
Material: Cement-based waterproofing coatings,
often mixed with other polymers to improve
flexibility and adhesion.
Application: Commonly used for areas like water
tanks, bathrooms, foundations, and basements.
It’s easy to apply and provides a rigid waterproof
barrier.
2. Liquid Waterproofing Membrane
Material: Liquid-applied waterproofing products
such as polyurethane, acrylic, or bituminous
coatings.
Application: The liquid is applied to surfaces
(usually by brush, roller, or spray) and forms a
seamless, flexible waterproof membrane. It is used
on roofs, balconies, and foundations.
9|Page K.D. Polytechnic, Patan
3. Bituminous Membrane (Asphalt-based)
Material: Bitumen (asphalt), either in the form of
rolls or applied as a hot liquid.
Application: Used extensively on flat roofs,
basements, and below-grade foundations.
Bituminous membranes can be self-adhesive or
torch-applied to form a strong, waterproof barrier.
4. Polyurethane Waterproofing
Material: Polyurethane, a liquid-applied product
that cures to form a flexible, seamless, rubber-like
membrane.
Application: Ideal for flat roofs, balconies, and
terraces, polyurethane waterproofing is known for
its high durability and resistance to weather
conditions.
10 | P a g e K . D . P o l y t e c h n i c , P a t a n
5. EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer)
Rubber
Material: Synthetic rubber sheet or membrane.
Application: Commonly used for waterproofing
roofs and ponds. EPDM is durable, flexible, and
resistant to UV rays, making it suitable for outdoor
waterproofing.
6. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Membrane
Material: A type of plastic waterproofing
membrane, usually supplied in rolls.
Application: PVC membranes are commonly used
on flat roofs, balconies, and tunnels. It provides a
flexible, durable, and weather-resistant barrier.
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7. Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) Membrane
Material: A synthetic rubber polymer.
Application: Widely used in commercial roofing
systems, TPO membranes are durable and
resistant to UV and chemical exposure. They can
be heat-welded at the seams, ensuring a
watertight finish.
8. Polymer-Modified Bitumen
Material: Bitumen enhanced with polymers like
SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene) or APP (atactic
polypropylene).
Application: Used in roofing, below-grade
waterproofing, and waterproofing bridges or
tunnels. It offers flexibility and improved
performance over traditional bitumen.
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9. Waterproofing Sheets or Membranes
Material: Pre-formed sheets of waterproofing
materials such as PVC, TPO, or rubber.
Application: These sheets are often used on roofs
and foundations, providing an instant waterproof
barrier that is rolled out and sealed at the seams.
10. Bentonite Clay
Material: Natural clay with high water-absorbing
properties.
Application: Bentonite sheets or blankets are used
for waterproofing in below-grade applications,
especially in basements and retaining walls. It
swells upon contact with water, creating a seal to
block further water ingress.
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11. Crystalline Waterproofing
Material: Crystalline chemicals that penetrate the
concrete to form crystals within the pores, blocking
water pathways.
Application: Applied as a slurry to concrete
surfaces, it is often used in foundations, tunnels,
water tanks, and other concrete structures. It
provides internal waterproofing by reacting with
moisture.
12. Silicone or Acrylic Sealants
Material: Silicone or acrylic compounds.
Application: Used to seal joints, cracks, and gaps
in windows, walls, and floors. They create a water-
resistant seal that prevents water from entering
through small openings.
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13. Elastomeric Coatings
Material: Flexible, rubber-like coatings that stretch
and return to their original shape.
Application: Applied to exterior walls, roofs, and
terraces to prevent water infiltration and to bridge
cracks. These coatings are highly durable and
resistant to weather conditions.
14. Geotextiles
Material: Permeable fabrics made from synthetic
fibres such as polyester or polypropylene.
Application: Often used in conjunction with
waterproofing membranes in civil engineering
projects like roadways, retaining walls, and
foundations to enhance water drainage while
providing protection against water.
15 | P a g e K . D . P o l y t e c h n i c , P a t a n
Prepared by: -
Suthar Ashok Mohanlal – 226310306001
Guided by: -
D.K. Patel Sir (HOD of Civil Dept.)
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