R23

RAMACHANDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING: ELURU

(AUTONOMOUS)
B. Tech III Semester
Course: Digital Logic & Computer Organization Program: B.Tech

UNIT – I
Short Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
Convert the decimal number (-13.625)10 to IEEE 754 single-precision PO-
1 2M CO -1 L3
floating-point format. 1
Convert the Decimal Number (234)10 into Octal & Hexadecimal Number PO-
2 2M CO -1 L3
Systems 1
PO-
3 Subtract 15 from 25 using Two's Complement 2M CO -1 L3
1
Represent the decimal number (-18)10 using an 8-bit signed binary PO-
4 2M CO -1 L3
number in two's complement format. 1
PO-
5 Convert the decimal number (7)10 to Excess-3 code. 1M CO -1 L3
1
PO-
6 What is the Gray code for the binary number (101)2 1M CO -1 L3
1
PO-
7 Define logic gates 2M CO -1 L1
1
PO-
8 Simplify the Boolean expression A'B + AB' + AB. 2M CO -1 L4
1
PO-
9 Define combinational circuits 1M CO -1 L1
1
PO-
10 What are some typical applications of decoders? 1M CO -1 L2
1
Long Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
Discuss the principles and methods of converting numbers between PO-
1.a different bases, including binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal 7M CO -1 L2 1
systems
Explain why understanding these conversions are important in PO-
b. 3M CO -1 L2
computing and digital systems. 1
Discuss various types of binary codes, including ASCII, Gray code, and PO-
2.a 5M CO -1 L2
BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) 1
PO-
b. Compare weighted and unweighted codes in digital systems. 5M CO -1 L4
1
Discuss the purpose and advantages of using complements for binary PO-
3.a arithmetic, particularly focusing on 1's complement and 2's complement 6M CO -1 L4 1
systems
Explain the principles of each logic gates, their truth tables, and their PO-
b. 4M CO -1 L2
applications in digital circuit design 1
Simply the expression using Boolean algebra F(A,B,C)=A′BC+AB′C′ PO-
4.a 5M CO -1 L3
+A′B′D+AB′C+ACD′ 1
Simplify the Boolean expression F(A,B,C,D)=A′BCD+AB′C′+A′B′C PO-
b. 5M CO -1 L3
′D+AB′D+A′B′CD+ACD′+BCD′ using Boolean algebra. 1
Simplify the Boolean expression using a 4-variable K-Map: PO-
5.a 5M CO -1 L4
F(A,B,C,D)=∑m(0,1,2,4,5,6,8,9,12,13) 1
Simplify the Boolean expression given the don’t care conditions PO-
b. 5M CO -1 L3
F(A,B,C,D)=∑m(1,2,5,7,9,10,11,14)+d(0,4,6,8,12,13) 1
For the Boolean function: PO-
6.a F(A,B,C,D)=∑m(0,1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15) Determine the prime 5M CO -1 L3 1
implicates and essential prime implicates.
For the function: PO-
b. F(A,B,C,D)= ∏M (0,1,2,4,5,6,8,9,10,12,13,14) 5M CO -1 L2 1
Find the simplified form by strategically grouping and overlapping.
Simplify the Boolean expression given the don’t care conditions PO-
7.a 6M CO -1 L2
F(A,B,C,D)=∏M(1,2,5,6,8,10)+d(0,4,7,9,11,14,15) 1
 Evaluate the role of Karnaugh Maps (K-Maps) in the simplification of PO-
b. 4M CO -1 L3
Boolean functions 1
Explain the importance of combinational circuits in digital design & PO-
8.a 4M CO -1 L2
also explain different types of combinational circuits 1
PO-
b. Draw the logic circuit diagram for the 3-to-8 decoder. 6M CO -1 L3
1
Explain how decoders are used in various digital systems and their PO-
9.a 4M CO -1 L2
impact on improving system efficiency and performance 1
PO-
b. Design and analyze both a half adder and a full adder. 6M CO -1 L3
1
PO-
10.a Draw & explain the logic circuit diagram for a 4-to-1 multiplexer. 4M CO -1 L3
1
Draw & explain the circuit diagram for an 8-to-1 multiplexer using 4-to- PO-
B 6M CO -1 L3
1 multiplexers. 1

UNIT – II
Short Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
1 What is the main difference between sequential circuits and combinational 2M CO-2 L2 PO-2
circuits?
2 What is the primary function of a flip-flop in digital circuits? 2M CO-2 L2 PO-2
3 Define about counter in digital logic circuit 2M CO-2 L2 PO-2
4 What are different types of registers 2M CO-2 L2 PO-2
5 Define about registers in digital logic circuit 2M CO-2 L2 PO-2
6 What are the main components of a computer's basic structure? 2M CO-2 L2 PO-2
7 What is the function of the ALU within the CPU? 2M CO-2 L2 PO-2
8 What is a bus in computer architecture? 2M CO-2 L2 PO-2
9 What is a multi computer system? 2M CO-2 L2 PO-2
10 What are the benefits of using a multiprocessor system? 2M CO-2 L2 PO-2
Long Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
Compare the differences between synchronous and asynchronous PO-2
1.a 5M CO-2 L4
sequential circuits with suitable examples
Discuss the differences between edge-triggered and level-triggered flip- PO-2
b. 5M CO-2 L4
flops.
Discuss the various types of flip-flops, such as SR, D, JK, and T flip- PO-2
2.a 6M CO-2 L2
flops
Explain the working principles of T and JK flip-flops, focusing on their PO-2
b. 4M CO-2 L2
toggle operation and versatility.
Compare the differences between synchronous and asynchronous binary PO-2
3.a 5M CO-2 L2
counters in terms of design, timing, and performance
Discuss the Design, Operation, and Applications of Up/Down Counters PO-2
b. 5M CO-2 L3
in Digital Systems.
4.a Explain the design principles behind a 4-bit binary counter 5M CO-2 L3 PO-2
b. Explain the design principles of ring counter in detaik 5M CO-2 L3 PO-2
Explain the fundamental role of registers in a computer system & PO-2
5.a 4M CO-2 L2
Discuss the different types of registers
Explain the basic operation of shift registers, including the different PO-2
b. 6M CO-2 L3
types
Describe the design and operational principles of bidirectional shift PO-2
6.a 5M CO-2 L2
registers
Compare and contrast the functionalities of left shift registers and right PO-2
b. 5M CO-2 L4
shift registers.
7.a Describe the fundamental architecture of a computer system 5M CO-2 L2 PO-2
b. Discuss the different types of buses 5M CO-2 L2 PO-2
Explain how data is managed between primary and secondary memory PO-2
8.a 5M CO-2 L4
and the impact on system performance.
Analyze how these changes have influenced the basic structure and PO-2
b. 5M CO-2 L4
capabilities of modern computers.
9.a Discuss the Architecture, Advantages, and Challenges of Multi- 6M CO-2 L4 PO-2
 Computer Systems in Modern Computing Environments.
Examine the Role of Multiprocessor Systems in the Basic Structure of PO-2
b. 4M CO-2 L4
Computers
10.a Compare the Von Neumann architecture with the Harvard architecture 6M CO-2 L4 PO-2
b Describe the Von Neumann architecture in detail 4M CO-2 L2 PO-2
UNIT – III
Short Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
1 Add the signed binary numbers (1101)2 and (0011)2 2M CO-3 L3 PO-3
2 Subtract (1010)2 from (0110)2 using signed 4-bit binary numbers 2M CO-3 L3 PO-3
Add two negative binary numbers (1101)2 and (1011)2 using signed 4-bit L3
3 2M CO-3 PO-3
binary numbers
4 Calculate the product of (101)2 and (11)2 2M CO-3 L3 PO-3
5 Calculate the product of (1010)2 and (110)2 2M CO-3 L3 PO-3
Calculate the product of (1101)2 and (0011)2, assuming both numbers are in L3
6 2M CO-3 PO-3
4-bit 2's complement representation
7 Multiply (1100)2by (1010)2 using 4-bit signed binary numbers. 2M CO-3 L3 PO-3
8 Calculate the quotient and remainder when (10110)2 is divided by (11)2 2M CO-3 L3 PO-3
9 Calculate the quotient and remainder when (100110)2 is divided by (100)2. 2M CO-3 L3 PO-3
10 2M CO-3 L3 PO-3
Calculate the quotient and remainder when (110011)2 is divided by (101)2
Long Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
Discuss the structure of floating-point numbers according to this standard, CO-3 PO-3
1.a 6M L4
including the sign bit, exponent, and mantissa.
b. Compare floating-point and fixed-point representation 4M CO-3 L5 PO-3
Convert the decimal number –(45.625)10 into its IEEE 754 single-precision CO-3 PO-3
2.a 5M L3
floating-point representation
Convert –(12.625)10 to IEEE 754 single-precision & double precision CO-3 PO-3
b. 5M L3
floating point representation.
3.a Describe the fundamental components of a processor 5M CO-3 L2 PO-3
b. Explain the instruction cycle in a processor 5M CO-3 L2 PO-3
4.a Explain the instruction format in a processor 4M CO-3 L2 PO-3
b. Discuss the various types of instructions in processor architectures 6M CO-3 L2 PO-3
5.a Explain the different types of addressing modes in processors 5M CO-3 L2 PO-3
Explain the base-register addressing mode and how it facilitates accessing CO-3 L2 PO-3
b. 5M
data within a block of memory
Discuss the indexed addressing mode and how it can be used to access CO-3 L2 PO-3
6.a 6M
elements in an array or data structure.
b. Describe the register addressing mode and its use in processor instructions 4M CO-3 L2 PO-3
7.a Describe relative addressing mode and its application in branch instructions 5M CO-3 L2 PO-3
b. Explain the concept of indirect addressing mode. 5M CO-3 L2 PO-3
8.a Explain the design and operation of a Hardwired Control Unit 4M CO-3 L2 PO-3
b. Describe the design and operation of a Microprogrammed Control Unit. 6M CO-3 L2 PO-3
Compare and contrast Hardwired Control Units and Microprogrammed CO-3 PO-3
9.a 5M L4
Control Units.
Describe the process of designing a Hardwired Control Unit for a simple CO-3 PO-3
b. 5M L3
instruction set.
10.a How are microinstructions stored and accessed during execution? 5M CO-3 L2 PO-3
Describe how the microinstructions are organized and executed to control CO-3 PO-3
b 5M L2
the processor's operations.

UNIT – IV
Short Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
1 What is Memory Organization? 2M CO-4 L2 PO-4
2 What is the difference between RAM and ROM? 2M CO-4 L2 PO-4
3 What are the main types of memory hierarchy? 2M CO-4 L2 PO-4
4 What is the purpose of cache memory? 2M CO-4 L2 PO-4
5 What is virtual memory? 2M CO-4 L2 PO-4
 6 What is memory addressing? 2M CO-4 L2 PO-4
7 What is memory segmentation? 2M CO-4 L2 PO-4
8 What is paging in memory management? 2M CO-4 L2 PO-4
9 What is the difference between physical and logical memory? 2M CO-4 L2 PO-4
10 2M CO-4 L2 PO-4
What is memory interleaving?
Long Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
1.a Discuss the various levels of memory organization in a computer system 6M CO-4 L2 PO-4
b. Explain the role of cache memory in modern computer systems 4M CO-4 L2 PO-4
2.a Compare paging and segmentation as memory management techniques. 5M CO-4 L4 PO-4
Define performance considerations in memory management. What factors CO-4 PO-4
b. contribute to the overall performance of a computer system related to 5M L2
memory?
3.a Describe the concept of memory hierarchy 5M CO-4 L2 PO-4
b. Discuss the impact of virtual memory on system performance 5M CO-4 L4 PO-4
4.a Explain the effects of fragmentation on memory performance 5M CO-4 L2 PO-4
What factors influence memory access time? Discuss the role of latency, CO-4 PO-4
b. bandwidth, and the speed of different memory types in determining overall 5M L4
access time
What are the potential overheads associated with memory management CO-4 PO-4
5.a 5M L4
techniques such as paging and segmentation?
Discuss how memory access patterns (sequential vs. random access) CO-4 PO-4
b. 5M L4
influence system performance.
How does increasing the size of memory (RAM, cache) impact system CO-4 PO-4
6.a 5M L4
performance?
Describe the key requirements for effective memory management in CO-4 PO-4
b. 5M L2
computer systems.
7.a Explain the role of secondary storage in a computer system. 5M CO-4 L2 PO-4
Discuss the various types of secondary storage devices, their characteristics, CO-4 PO-4
b. 5M L4
and their impact on system performance.
Explain how virtual memory is implemented, its benefits, and the challenges CO-4 PO-4
8.a 5M L2
associated with its use.
b. Explain about memory fragmentation 5M CO-4 L2 PO-4
Explain how memory protection is implemented in modern operating CO-4 PO-4
9.a 5M L2
systems. Why is it important for system stability and security?
Describe the concept of memory isolation and how it helps prevent CO-4 PO-4
b. 5M L2
processes from interfering with each other.
Compare and contrast internal fragmentation and external fragmentation. CO-4 PO-4
10.a 6M L4
How can each type of fragmentation be addressed?
Explain segmentation in memory management. How does segmentation CO-4 PO-4
b 4M L4
differ from paging, and what are its benefits and drawbacks?

UNIT – V
Short Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
1 What is I/O Organization? 2M CO-5 L1 PO-1
2 What are I/O Devices? 2M CO-5 L1 PO-1
3 What is the Role of an I/O Controller? 2M CO-5 L2 PO-1
4 Explain the Concept of I/O Ports. 2M CO-5 L2 PO-1
5 What is Direct Memory Access (DMA)? 2M CO-5 L1 PO-1
6 What is an Interrupt in I/O Operations? 2M CO-5 L1 PO-1
7 Describe Polling in I/O Organization 2M CO-5 L2 PO-1
8 What is I/O Bus? 2M CO-5 L1 PO-1
9 What is the Purpose of Buffers in I/O Operations? 2M CO-5 L2 PO-1
10 Explain the Role of Device Drivers in I/O Organization. 2M CO-5 L2 PO-1
Long Answer Questions
Question Marks CO BL PO
1.a What is the role of an interrupt in computer systems 5M CO-5 L2 PO-1
b. How does it facilitate efficient CPU utilization? 5M CO-5 L4 PO-2
2.a Describe the difference between polling and interrupt-driven I/O. 4M CO-5 L2 PO-1
b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? 6M CO-5 L4 PO-2
Explain the concept of Direct Memory Access (DMA) and how it differs CO-5 PO-1
3.a 5M L2
from traditional I/O operations.
b. How does DMA improve system performance? 5M CO-5 L4 PO-2
4.a What are the primary components of a system bus? 5M CO-5 L1 PO-2
How do they contribute to data transfer between the CPU, memory, and CO-5 PO-1
b. 5M L2
I/O devices?
5.a In the context of interface circuits, what is the function of a buffer? 5M CO-5 L2 PO-1
b. How does it impact data transfer rates and system performance? 5M CO-5 L4 PO-2
6.a Provide an example of how an interrupt service routine (ISR) operates ? 5M CO-5 L3 PO-1
b. When an interrupt signal is received by the CPU. 5M CO-5 L2 PO-2
Discuss the purpose of standard I/O interfaces, such as USB or PCI CO-5 PO-1
7.a 5M L2
Express.
How they standardize communication between the CPU and peripheral CO-5 PO-2
b. 5M L2
devices.
How does the processor handle an interrupt request when it is already CO-5 PO-2
8.a 5M L4
executing a task?
b. What steps are involved in processing an interrupt? 5M CO-5 L2 PO-1
9.a Explain the concept of bus arbitration 5M CO-5 L2 PO-1
Why it is necessary in a system with multiple devices sharing the same CO-5 PO-2
b. 5M L4
bus.
What is the role of an I/O controller in managing communication CO-5 PO-1
10.a 5M L2
between the CPU and peripheral devices.
b How does it interact with other components of the system? 5M CO-5 L2 PO-1

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