CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH MCQS

Introduction to Research (MCQs)

1. What is the primary objective of research?

a) To explore and generate new knowledge
b) To verify existing knowledge
c) To solve specific problems
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of research?

a) Systematic
b) Subjective
c) Empirical
d) Logical
Answer: b) Subjective

3. What does "applied research" focus on?

a) Developing theories
b) Solving practical problems
c) Testing hypotheses
d) Generating abstract ideas
Answer: b) Solving practical problems

4. Which type of research involves understanding phenomena

through observation and theory-building?
a) Experimental research
b) Descriptive research
c) Basic research
d) Historical research
Answer: c) Basic research

5. What is the first step in the research process?

a) Hypothesis formulation
b) Literature review
c) Identifying the problem
d) Data collection
Answer: c) Identifying the problem

Types of Research (MCQs)

6. Which type of research focuses on "what is happening now"?

a) Descriptive research
b) Historical research
c) Experimental research
 d) Predictive research
Answer: a) Descriptive research

7. Action research is mainly used in which field?

a) Education
b) Healthcare
c) Business
d) Agriculture
Answer: a) Education

8. Which research method involves manipulating variables to

observe changes?
a) Experimental research
b) Analytical research
c) Exploratory research
d) Fundamental research
Answer: a) Experimental research

9. "Ex post facto" research refers to:

a) Experimental research conducted after an event
b) Research focused on past records
c) Research based on future predictions
d) Research without active intervention by the researcher
Answer: d) Research without active intervention by the researcher

10. Which research type is conducted to gain insights into

problems with limited or no prior information?
a) Exploratory research
b) Descriptive research
c) Explanatory research
d) Correlational research
Answer: a) Exploratory research

Criteria, Characteristics, and Challenges for Ideal Research (MCQs)

11. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for ideal

research?
a) Objectivity
b) Reliability
c) Emotional bias
d) Validity
Answer: c) Emotional bias

12. What is a major challenge faced during research?

a) Lack of funding
 b) Time constraints
c) Availability of accurate data
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

13. What does "validity" in research mean?

a) Consistency of results over time
b) Accuracy in measuring what is intended to be measured
c) Speed of conducting research
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Accuracy in measuring what is intended to be measured

14. An ideal research study must be:

a) Generalizable
b) Biased
c) Ambiguous
d) Inconsistent
Answer: a) Generalizable

15. Which factor commonly affects the reliability of

research results?
a) Sample size
b) Researcher's bias
c) Data collection methods
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Qualitative Requirements and Dissemination of Research (MCQs)

16. What does dissemination of research mean?

a) Collecting research data
b) Distributing research findings
c) Archiving research results
d) Peer-reviewing research articles
Answer: b) Distributing research findings

17. Which method is commonly used to disseminate

research findings?
a) Conferences
b) Journals
c) Online platforms
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
 18. What does "peer-reviewed" research ensure?
a) Funding availability
b) High-quality research
c) Speedy publication
d) Legal protection of findings
Answer: b) High-quality research

19. Which of the following is NOT a qualitative requirement

in research?
a) Objectivity
b) Reproducibility
c) Unsystematic approach
d) Ethical conduct
Answer: c) Unsystematic approach

20. Ethical requirements in research include:

a) Voluntary participation of respondents
b) Ensuring confidentiality
c) Avoiding data fabrication
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Concepts Used in Business Research (MCQs)

21. What is the primary purpose of business research?

a) Forecasting market trends
b) Improving decision-making
c) Identifying opportunities and threats
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

22. What is the Delphi technique used for?

a) Collecting large-scale survey data
b) Gaining expert opinions on business issues
c) Statistical analysis of market trends
d) Identifying consumer behavior
Answer: b) Gaining expert opinions on business issues

23. What does a SWOT analysis in business research focus

on?
a) Sales, Wages, Operations, Taxation
b) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
c) Social Welfare Opportunities Today
d) Strategic Workforce Orientation Tool
Answer: b) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
 24. Which tool is used in business research to study
consumer preferences?
a) Cluster analysis
b) Conjoint analysis
c) Regression analysis
d) ANOVA
Answer: b) Conjoint analysis

25. Which of the following is a key concept in market

research?
a) Market segmentation
b) Customer profiling
c) Demand forecasting
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research (MCQs)

26. Which of the following is an example of qualitative

research?
a) Case study
b) Statistical surveys
c) Numerical data analysis
d) Experimental trials
Answer: a) Case study

27. Quantitative research deals primarily with:

a) Emotions and experiences
b) Numerical and statistical data
c) Open-ended questions
d) Focus groups
Answer: b) Numerical and statistical data

28. A key characteristic of qualitative research is:

a) Structured data collection
b) Flexibility in design
c) Use of large sample sizes
d) Rigid analysis
Answer: b) Flexibility in design

29. Which research method is best suited for hypothesis

testing?
a) Quantitative research
b) Qualitative research
c) Observational research
 d) Ethnographic research
Answer: a) Quantitative research

30. Which of the following tools is commonly used in

qualitative research?
a) Focus groups
b) Surveys
c) Statistical software
d) Experimental trials
Answer: a) Focus groups

Introduction, Scope, and Application of Research – Additional

MCQs

Introduction to Research (More MCQs)

1. Which of the following best defines research?

a) A systematic inquiry to gain knowledge
b) Random collection of data
c) A one-time effort to gather opinions
d) Publishing already known facts
Answer: a) A systematic inquiry to gain knowledge

2. Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of

research?
a) Subjective opinions
b) Systematic and organized process
c) Unreliable sources of information
d) Accidental findings
Answer: b) Systematic and organized process

3. What is "deductive reasoning" in research?

a) Moving from general to specific conclusions
b) Moving from specific to general conclusions
c) Observing patterns in data
d) Conducting experiments to test ideas
Answer: a) Moving from general to specific conclusions

4. In research, which term describes the accuracy and

trustworthiness of data?
a) Reliability
b) Validity
c) Objectivity
d) Reproducibility
Answer: b) Validity
 5. What is the goal of fundamental (basic) research?
a) Solve specific problems
b) Add to the existing body of knowledge
c) Develop commercial applications
d) Increase organizational profits
Answer: b) Add to the existing body of knowledge

Types of Research (More MCQs)

6. Correlational research is used to:

a) Determine cause-and-effect relationships
b) Analyze relationships between variables
c) Explore new areas of study
d) Test the feasibility of a study
Answer: b) Analyze relationships between variables

7. Which type of research is conducted to solve an immediate

problem?
a) Fundamental research
b) Applied research
c) Exploratory research
d) Quantitative research
Answer: b) Applied research

8. Which of the following research types focuses on reviewing

past records?
a) Historical research
b) Descriptive research
c) Predictive research
d) Experimental research
Answer: a) Historical research

9. Which research is used to forecast future trends?

a) Predictive research
b) Exploratory research
c) Experimental research
d) Basic research
Answer: a) Predictive research

10. In which type of research is a hypothesis mandatory?

a) Descriptive research
b) Exploratory research
c) Experimental research
d) Historical research
Answer: c) Experimental research
Criteria, Characteristics, and Challenges for Ideal Research (More
MCQs)

11. Which characteristic ensures that research findings are

replicable?
a) Validity
b) Reliability
c) Objectivity
d) Precision
Answer: b) Reliability

12. What does "objectivity" in research mean?

a) Personal opinions of the researcher are important
b) Research must be free from bias
c) Findings should be aligned with researcher preferences
d) Results must always be qualitative
Answer: b) Research must be free from bias

13. Which of the following is NOT a challenge in conducting

research?
a) Time constraints
b) Availability of reliable data
c) Clarity of research objectives
d) Research funding
Answer: c) Clarity of research objectives

14. An ethical researcher must:

a) Fabricate data for convenience
b) Maintain confidentiality of participants
c) Copy data from other studies
d) Avoid publishing results
Answer: b) Maintain confidentiality of participants

15. Which of the following characteristics is essential for an

ideal research question?
a) Vague and complex
b) Clear and specific
c) Irrelevant to the field of study
d) Focused on subjective opinions
Answer: b) Clear and specific

Dissemination of research results involves:

a) Conducting surveys
b) Communicating findings to stakeholders
c) Collecting data from the field
d) Analyzing statistical trends
Answer: b) Communicating findings to stakeholders

16. Which of the following is NOT a method for

disseminating research?
a) Conferences
b) Publication in peer-reviewed journals
c) Data manipulation
d) Online platforms
Answer: c) Data manipulation

17. What is meant by “reproducibility” in research?

a) Research results can be duplicated by others
b) Research findings are generalized easily
c) The research is highly subjective
d) Results are kept confidential
Answer: a) Research results can be duplicated by others

18. Which term refers to sharing research in an easily

understandable manner?
a) Research ethics
b) Knowledge translation
c) Analytical interpretation
d) Statistical modeling
Answer: b) Knowledge translation

19. What ensures ethical dissemination of research?

a) Avoiding misrepresentation of findings
b) Plagiarizing other researchers' work
c) Exaggerating results to attract attention
d) Hiding key findings from stakeholders
Answer: a) Avoiding misrepresentation of findings

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research (More MCQs)

21. What is the primary aim of qualitative research?

a) Understanding underlying meanings and patterns
b) Testing hypotheses with numerical data
c) Predicting outcomes using large datasets
d) Drawing mathematical models for relationships
Answer: a) Understanding underlying meanings and patterns

22. Quantitative research often uses:

a) Open-ended interviews
 b) Statistical tools and software
c) Thematic analysis
d) Participant observation
Answer: b) Statistical tools and software

23. Which type of research is typically smaller in scale but

deeper in focus?
a) Quantitative research
b) Qualitative research
c) Experimental research
d) Correlational research
Answer: b) Qualitative research

24. Which of the following tools is used in quantitative

research?
a) SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)
b) NVivo
c) Focus groups
d) Participant diaries
Answer: a) SPSS

25. Qualitative research typically results in:

a) Numbers and graphs
b) Detailed narratives and patterns
c) Mathematical models
d) Regression equations
Answer: b) Detailed narratives and patterns

Concepts Used in Business Research (More MCQs)

26. Which of the following is an example of a dependent

variable in business research?
a) Advertising expenditure
b) Sales revenue
c) Market competition
d) Management style
Answer: b) Sales revenue

27. In business research, what does a "sample" refer to?

a) The entire population being studied
b) A subset of the population
c) The final research report
d) A theoretical framework
Answer: b) A subset of the population
28. Which tool is used to identify the root cause of business
issues?
a) Pareto analysis
b) Cluster analysis
c) SWOT analysis
d) Regression analysis
Answer: a) Pareto analysis

29. What is the primary goal of a hypothesis in business

research?
a) To provide background information
b) To test a potential relationship or outcome
c) To write a conclusion
d) To collect data
Answer: b) To test a potential relationship or outcome

30. Which type of analysis is used to understand

relationships between variables?
a) Descriptive analysis
b) Correlation analysis
c) Thematic analysis
d) Exploratory analysis
Answer: b) Correlation analysis