Reconstruction Plan
Plan Provisions
Lincoln’s 10% - Amnesty to most ex-confederate
soldiers
- 10% loyalty oath (10% of southern
states promise loyalty, get readmitted
to union
- Ratify the 13th Amendment (ban of
slavery)
(Republican) Wade-Davis Bill - Over 50% loyalty oath
- New Southern gov., those who didn’t
serve in the Confederate Army
- Permanent disenfranchisement of
confederate leaders
- Ratification of the 13th Amendment
Johnson’s Lenient Plan - After Lincoln’s Assassination
- 10% Loyalty oath and Ratification of
the 13th Amendment
- Amnesty to ex-Confederate soldiers
- Pardon ex-Confederate leaders
- Return land to all confederates
Freedmen’s Bureau
- Education Schools and Colleges (for blacks and poor whites)
- Help to displaced blacks
- Investigated southern abusers
- $ Advice, reconcile differences
- Food, clothing, shelter, medical care, education, and reunite families (after war)
13th Amendment, Jan 21, 1865
- Abolished Slavery and Indentured Servitude
Civil Rights Act of 1866
- Enslaved people considered citizens
- Equal protection to all citizens
- Full access to courts (defend and jury)
The Reconstruction Act, 1867
- Divided the South into 5 military districts each under the command of a U.S General
- Suffrage to freedman, disenfranchisement of ex-CSA leaders
- Ratification of 14th Amendment
- Eliminate Black Codes
14th Amendment, July 8, 1868
- All persons born in U.S are considered citizens
- All citizens have equal protection under the law
- Citizens rights cannot be denied w/o due process(court)
15th Amendment, Feb 1870
- States cannot deny anyone the right to vote on the basis of “race, color, or previous
condition of servitude
- Manhood suffrage (not women)
President Andrew Johnson
- Favored southern white power, pardon ex-aristocrats, who set out to establish the new
gov. And regain control
- Vetoed the Freedman’s Bureau, the Civil Rights Act, the 14th Amendment and the
Reconstruction Act
- Hated by Republicans and Southerners
Political Battle of Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson
- Southern Democrat
- Lenient Plan
- Quick Reconstruction
- Friendly toward the South
- Allied w/ ex Confederates
- The U.S. gov. Should be for whites
- Favored black codes
Radical Republicans
- Mainly Northerners, save Southern Republicans
- Strict Plan
- Real reconstruction
- Hostile toward most confederates
- Gov. for blacks and whites
- Overrode Johnson’s vetoes
President Ulysses S. Grant
- Republican
- Elected President in 1868 and reelection in 1872
- 15th Amendment
- Plague by economic scandals
- Economic depression, 1873
- Redemption- South Democrats started to take black power
Black Progress
1. The Union League
- Black organization, fought for black needs
- Represented Congress w/ grievances
- Built schools- college grads
- Reunited militia to protect black communities
2. Black congressmen
- Hiram Revels first black senator, Blanche K. Bruce (senator) both from MS
- Served as lieutenants, governors, mayors, and sheriffs
3. Black Community
- Churches center of community
- Churches as places of worship, schools, social centers, and meeting halls
4. Economy
- Established businesses
- Entrepreneurs
- Land owners
Black Oppression
- 1865 Black Codes- restricted AA freedoms
- Riots against black communities: murdered 24 black political leaders and republicans,
burned houses and schools, beat teachers and leaders
- Government is and will always be white government
- Disenfranchisement: poll taxes, literacy test, grandfather clause
- Denied blacks land, government jobs, and economic opportunities, terminated
reconstruction programs and cut funding
- Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
