COSTOY CRISTALYN

BSN1-B

lecture 1
In the first lecture video that I’ve learned that the heart has to sides the left hand side of the
heart is deals with oxygenated blood and if it contracts it pushes the blood out and feeds the
tissues of the body that's is systemic circulation. The right hand side of the heart is deals with
deoxygenated blood and when it contracts it pushes the blood to the lungs to become
oxygenated that's is pulmonary circulation. Heart has 4 chambers, the top is what we called the
atrium and the bottom is what we called the ventricles. Blood flows to the atrium down to the
ventricles, blood always enter to the atrium and exit to the ventricles. The left hand side of the
heart high pressure system and the right hand side of the hear is low pressure system. Through
the pulmonary valve, the right ventricle sends oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs. The mitral
valve transports oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left ventricle. The left ventricle sends
oxygen-rich blood out to the rest of the body via the aortic valve. The heart's myocardium is a
functioning muscle that requires a constant supply of oxygen and nourishment to function
properly. As a result, heart muscle has a large network of blood arteries that transport oxygen
and waste products to contracting cells. Myocardium, or cardiac muscle tissue, is a specialized
type of muscle tissue that creates the heart. The heart is kept pumping blood around the body
by this muscular tissue, which contracts and releases involuntarily. Between the right atrium
and the right ventricle is the tricuspid valve. Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary
artery is the pulmonary valve. Between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the mitral valve.
The aortic valve is a valve that connects the left ventricle to the aorta. The coronary artery on
the left side is called the left major coronary artery (LMCA). Blood is supplied to the left side of
the heart muscle by the left major coronary artery (the left ventricle and left atrium). The left
coronary artery is divided into branches:
the left anterior descending artery branches off the left coronary artery and delivers blood to
the left side of the heart's front.
The circumflex artery is a branch of the left coronary artery that runs around the heart muscle.
This artery sends blood to the heart's exterior and back sides.
Coronary artery to the right (RCA). The right coronary artery feeds the right ventricle, right
atrium, and the SA (sinoatrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes, which control heart rhythm. The
right posterior descending artery and the acute marginal artery are two minor branches of the
right coronary artery. The right coronary artery, together with the left anterior descending
artery, helps to provide blood to the heart's center or septum.

lecture 2
To function, the heart requires a supply of energy and oxygen. The pumping action of the heart
is controlled by an electrical conduction system that coordinates the contraction of the heart's
distinct chambers.The impulse originates in the SA node, a tiny cluster of specialized cells in the
right atrium. The electrical activity causes the atria to shrink as it spreads through the walls.
Blood is forced into the ventricles as a result of this. Your heartbeat's rate and rhythm are
controlled by the SA node . One heartbeat is represented by each contraction of the ventricles.
Because the atria contract a fraction of a second before the ventricles, their blood flows into
the ventricles first. These cells will take over the pacemaker function from the Atrioventricular
node (or AV node), which is located between the left atrium and the right ventricle within the
atrial septum. The cells of the AV node, also known as the secondary pacemaker, generally
discharge at a rate of 40-60 beats per minute.V1 is positioned to the right of the sternal
boundary, while V2 is positioned to the left. V4 should then be placed ahead of V3. In the
midclavicular line, V4 should be inserted in the fifth intercostal gap. The electrocardiogram
(ECG) of the cardiac cycle is a clinical equipment that measures the electrical activity of the
heart. The tiny extracellular signals produced by the migration of the cardiac action potential
through the transmembrane ion channels in the myocyte are recorded by this device. Factors
change heart rate and stroke volume, which impact cardiac output. Blood volume reflexes,
autonomic innervation, and hormones are all important variables. Extracellular fluid ion
concentration, body temperature, emotions, sex, and age are all secondary contributors.
Your atria (upper chambers of your heart) are telling them to constrict.
The atrioventricular (AV) node, which delays the signal until your atria are blood-free.
The signal is carried to the Purkinje fibers by the His bundle (center bundle of nerve fibers).
Your ventricles (bottom heart chambers) contract as a result of the Purkinje fibers.
Your heart expands and contracts as a result of the electrical signals that go through your
cardiac conduction system. The way blood flows through your heart is controlled by these
contractions.
The electrical conduction system should, in theory, maintain a constant, even heart rate. It also
aids in the speeding up or slowing down of your heart when more blood and oxygen are
required, or when it is time to relax.