Computer Se “4 we computer Networn> ~ © : qe what (5 Computer Network % A computer netwe Anan in bevcounacted nucte nemo penne "si 196 tne : FE Advantages of wetworns c les can iy be shaved bembet, Same : municate by ¢ x 4 — he Seewity 15 good :- Users cannot see useee —- Files unlvke on stund-alone machines | "Pata 1s easy to backvp as au the data fs Steved Oh file server. > vesouvce sharing > enhanced Communica tion t > cost reduction FE Disadvantages of network: |) Purchasing the cabling and the file servers can be expensive ke Managing a lavge hetvork js complicated, repuires —| a bratning ond a network ranager Creeds te ve =meloyed)yeaks down, the 4, , server > al Cle ot ee ere Fle wes inactess; bie fewer become oh the File h. Viyuses con SE Spread to the other Comp Phvonghort a compater network ‘ Steppe: The danger of hackins, Pov t¢cu lav} with the J we need 4," wide avea networks to prevent such abuse. —S Fle Systems ave more So rhis Ercated & perplex to bun : S Ft networks ae badly ranag & d sewtce, can bewWMe Unusa ble and Producty vty fy FE fomporents of A Computer network 1. Hosts I nodes C Such a5 PC, leptops, Smartphones etc) 2- Sewers 2 Clients 4 Webwork heaved: Pan wdWAveEGNIG, outer, Switen, hub etc) SF Communvea hon 5 hahnel © suchas cables, vadio-lnrsee) ee oe c AS cables, radonlinks: Protocels, retwor T. Network Services ¢ =e evading Syston Suchag ne So ee) BAS, Eee~ chuving eee). He ge rest © eee gue, 8 te Shave Pa fen penkers work st network 4h Sewer . a sever tasixs hapre . In other me Saws tomer . + A netwe a for spece > There ® dedicat ® Hron~ clrent: A cliente ve quests ? TH ether MeauestsPate, ule “I eer, Sa Vt Ge ¢ Fos. etc) tc) links ee ous TD) e&e)- Spe eece or Wweles qhen bers West or node veters 3 ave (ee ateched to « networ' F f te Share the vesources Smartphone Pe laptops - network he st ee. become pomnerser tO om Meteors A aerate when Cohn cted to Ps roe ns Wovritaty ae Server Cee eerensivie for me hng the networting tas ee erre . Tn other words: a seve facrbtakes netweritrng tasks tr ve source — sharn ng, he shaving of date, Lommunication ownong hosts SF o GE ts Phe mod Tepebant computer tha network rr ee tee ve eave Eine ook Serre Nceet agen errors eves Ce used gpectairred tmsks Like for printer Spofrlessiowing > Thee can be twe types of Servers: © dedicated a ® wnon- deditated servers. | Ht client: PR peat eva SOE LS gine Pept emeray “sbke Sev vcetasttor a server. {fm othey words; a Sevver computer serves the beauests of clrent compubers %dwave * hay me fi vequire ony Se marae Pre’ ps vee 4 cs ll establish: ore tasks ee x Cty, various z ; q controll ny hetwovk ratte etc. « Some examples? 4a piel Network Interface Card) pera) Welwern Hd” (Advdwave) attaches to a hest 5° © to establish networn tonnections, DERG Me id hes a ung re physical addess® cared the Mac address. whick a Gbytes C43 ots) address assigned BS the NIC manntacturer - AR MIC is alse caued + MIUC Network Be OM EP TART Temrnal Access Point). coe ts 9 conn OY Bloc > uber ye ae devices ye eed ts, ¢ ee h hetverk. Prrect nodes wit ieee Host SMI eo uests -vescurees froma host WMP Shaves. veseurces itn Cicent! 4 Qn ei “ PS Mac oddvess 2 NM Ge Bhy sich cxddvess for mie > Ty Pes FE Modem ( Mod. wh ich converts ANS miss Ow ( Moduta tre Pevtorms t signals inte can ales ~ tens a Hedem 6 ¢ is © Modulat The me * analog de b. * Se ee: The Signals veceived < —aevrces wort. 2 al ave thé Com Po t oe Sr eas a ‘ ete ulti ple Meee int we é - Pee mS ferry, 0 ov sey ere °° CR G tov com ca trons RS c ee (ov) ee we ay ng Pao Sperone device ; ; 2 | fee Pe tevices ttc to Grn terack fon aidvave eM sencestion) i ee computer network Bra Cae ceca devrees! eoe1ed (uj ARMRraRCuCeSY -ReaRrEeE me aes bwor k «ARORA a ele eS BEEIS POS AERTS FE recess bransmiibcore® aver telephone ee (Medutatron). At the vecetvingend & pra Pevtorms the reverse function & Converts analog pac, signal (tte degctod form (Demo dulatvon). A medern es with Ci AAT.” SRA Sethe ame travel “a long distance wrthent Attenuation, 4 Medex i$ A Combination of tho deures: aes C Medulatey “ Demodulator) odulater e1oents.% * The Mmodulat onverts digital data nto analog data wherthe data is berng sent by the Computer. aad “a B The demodulator Converts $ 1 , analeg data tamale ents digi tel data when 1s beng Veceive a Be the idee ealMoore” Pacds Putor- Cehred rer Pa sane? FOr a etve SF en Peete compe tey tg, - A” ‘ ee x ted upael a Digital signals uy, connee nryevting ve rrtevnet by © avemes analog Bprels 4% Vice vera’ Jem ee MOUMEEEE Converts digit) dat mtoay, . The signals thetecun travel over Prone line be lil 5 Pemadulater: collects the Analog Sighaly ap switch REE Pte a diyrtahesignad tap > Sar Gan be Undevstood by A Com pu ter - A dew fort te BS re tel tink by.) Co, a A ater a i & the internet allowing “Ses to send « tows veceive datw guy . c a eee oe eo - They YOnSmiss, # v BE ee Le tel flee Tae F Swit cy gene WE Router. te na, - > net. hetwerke devices eee a ave cul Puy poses vve ditpevent - A den two or ore, Te Advanred . & tre wall ditt event Man.eee: pA nework Pee eet emma, Hewes: Hubs ave tree an BE ceca ee etka trbenghe rede to “eons Ie etmek Cuan) ttre x hale phe basre vee be : l as hee weleneeornpeters a networt el SD ae Swrteh od > sai hob = A device that forwavds data Port te & pert te tne Covvect ountprt P Ompude, Pp ean) «fin, bubs. Se So be foward trattree to veduce congestion Se - Theg are also capabte of advanced features! leKke Vans es, Ms < Qos. te Router > networm to network connectoon ul wt 5 A devce that Passes tn forma Bron two oe ble rere advan: Po PenxeworKts Roaters “are than hubs & Switches 4 con® Perform sme Advaned trvebrons Ike vouting ta tee sail & He walling THES ave Ofte used te Connect dittevertt hetforics together Such 4s a LANe| MAN.— i OF which t $e The eS diftevence at obue ost edel the layev operate: at te Prysecal lye, Jhupes orerates 2 data nk | » Switch’. operates at the ey wived aM « Kowtey: operates at tre AC twovrd |e wher ano th ables # petwovn tats es ee alse brown as data battre, fs the any = ‘ example ct data beourng across a AS 0 uctiay aba givenume ; > wire $ PRBS WAL Ln peda nN vhen computer. ene « FE Repeater; radio w ae wireles Fee eR. iy amp lr ts ampleCees angther USE amet ae communi co on Channel Pe sin-cokaaanaden interact aa Set , 08 Bie ten eden Toe omenrenctiosy, eres IF emmsertcey Fe eo oe dy wired Communication channels nn hertn eee Seeds)! owe Connected with o prey throngh — guided > ds ike netwaer Sifeeeyets caves Aer dL caecum een channel me ee ee = cooxtal Caples . fipve -eptre cables > WivelesS Communreation Channels? when hosts “< Sevvems) ave saree a SPF RE cctic, thvongh Unquidede ems lee vado waves, wireless Cramnple cateurte ete Commoenrca EVon Micvowaves radio waves Satelrtes intaped waves laser Lit ve caned a channel Je diumHE Software w The Software layers Poss ble - « Tt G@mprees of Network Protocals, Vetwor operating System etc-— Proteco!: setof rules G Way whiel, all parties oF a network connect & shten, with each other. > Network operating sycten: 4 Specialized Mees SSE HL CA, Ri ale ne tuon, task SE Netwovk Services + OS Ot Provide chi¥tevet function ve network, suck e Be GID Ala, Hy Wome Aystey tile Showing & WD ey breny vn ore VelP Voree over af a network make het, we TYPE - Base two 1. Be 2> ay. LAN ( +The ne Wwke otf Avea we > Ky > case each co > Lans dd mMavdr “A eee networn —- treteo poly Bi ewer =,wheel ¢ ee, & Patera ecralize d d Cun, yh Nome, System) Panny ore raise earn? pTWORKS® ery re ee ; ent PO ged on deter - pase dh telat *t phreal Spread Recmee cn seo! eB >, Based on Com ponent a spread p. Based on geograrhreal SF Mee copes ot Ebr se QsILAN, (Local Avea Network) piersparetrerciiten. Aree Rey Gums Aver ewete soi) Avea wetweri) dj. PAN ¢ Personal a). LAN ( Local Avea petwornd! +The networks whic ave confined to loeal aven (ke offree, fattory, school ete, ave Known as Local Aven wetwork > Key Purpose of LAN IS te Chave eSources > pales ave “eee dts Conner taste iS each Computer avea Covevage of UP to Likm > LANs have bb. Mav metropelitan Aven pwvetworr) : 7A metre peltan avea network CMAN) 1S QA Compater network that Connects corn tevs cope twetolpelttan ‘ave, aohwdllt Courd be % Sengle lage GHEY , multiple creres 4, tonne Ave eth or any given large mr arkiple bartdinge .ie sor re tavyer t pb seuirev har & ) > fete de Area CLAN. cwan) =) Lane MAN LWA Os wan Ueide Aven network) ! A wide aver KetwovkLWANd 1S % Computer REE Pink Cows ay arye™ eos erhrcal Rc cam Parsing, own raqtolye A.corntey @® tortrent o even tte whole world Ey: The intevnot , hm Mole Broad band sys dd. PANC Personal Aven wvetwovk) ! Sp esonc)» cx is. ver wetwork (PAN) Connetts clectrene devtes Wether oven ‘ bsevs Varmediate Pe Bre OFA PAN vonges tvon atew Cette ty x tes elas + Eg: anect b os i chen blw aA Bug Bluctesth ee ce SPAR OU ie pwede Jana dS Ci heute a Win a voon) bh av ea local Net ar pret het, —<—_ Key relenc tron oumeshi P ceed Maintain ce | blw Des ala cos!be Repay, es fete Ass eT Grone ot brome jeowarhitel aven, Computes across & ach creres Ge Fons ghort destance whey pemaship [Law 1s OF teh ouned revi ipiteppascL taille Sot be ul Private organimutrons| Prive pe e- fable ®) fe ie LaN’s Barsmission| ThE frarsmrss on speed ‘ ene Se fest of aMAN rs qeweer bho that of a LAW Systems Baten | peintaiaace| pescgning “%q mHrbrning] bes ToNNRT wraintatnring Poems less | AY fs Complex % costly then Maw move costly than LAR vate oth na ld S/w wort ow Lew LEN biees spree OU Ev" Pond aven + DE ASHaly Costs LESS to SeL It up % ~~ SN esa atl aw Single netwovkk » LAN’s Facelepa te. intormotion cle Renced toni Varcetiron, ed Seven Shewing vias 2>. Ba ete wan io => Th fb ECS SPread Ove, yer? very large reg oa bb mt costs higher to Set) tubes a +A peer-te- com Put: Sap OCP CSO gs, Aneeworlkk BE wether Many networks, ig thew WAM Ss ferccirtats ca Tor atcon Sheaviy F feat & hanced 5 Communion a PEO man'ly Number thege Gy Own date Qveup. ™S. vale Ve Sources HTS Sige Sev ye at se)— posed on Com poner pid eda spe Ene BASTSO ee ewer are evecare S Lompater networks 4 pace an feer wetwerits es ao. Pew - ‘ etwovks pieaciiet/, Seve" Ag a ay. Peev- to- Peey Networks : A - peer network 1S weve © My “ J tates saa featwes of pee, to- Peoy os Belo eters dons a ny (pene large : eee CF no eS, Cseahictillie sss aa the Computer 6s. tre hetwork store ties pera eeee bed tae datats accesscne but gveup © bythe Hy. ValeBe Clrend Sevres netvorls, pap usec veSouces “ alse Prowdes then, TSE «oye Xhe trodes act ag Clouse PONE thee ts Qk taste re Otback. an Plonest an os teday Support PLP remem,Poe =e Retell aul at ee ae Favor? ee as ts seuply % computer that eR promdes th netwovK yesources % er Cie Pvowdes sevvice %0 other tom puter, ee when tHey vequest 7t é # >A Clientts the computer vUnNIng a nae Proqvam thot vequests tre Service ae fvon G& Sevyer : reg + Lecol oven network (LAN) rs bated on wee Client Server netwoye relation chip qt 3 z BE CERCESOVEY Netw yk ns ond be whith w ote 4 averlable netwove € veseurces suchas files, drrectovves Ap plreatrons Y — + when sit come centrally Inanayes network, Clie & hested c¢ then ave accessed ewan rsatneeee ae present s + Dt majerly Bed denctesot ave Shaving te . Hey wen 2s bo Beep + ~ Trtte case hKetwork, tre | te te servic asked by ty + The Clrent sev Bx PeONSeve a the P2P netwSlave ee tenteer netug Beer cirertsc my von bn gee pee 3 ecuve v thet Pee gee cae ev per tormance Bs Bee oka yom pater, GE has dentealrned baclevp 3 fae is nee velrable Se visadventaye S ea yearves Bt pty J dwave & © RS re a intensive 3. Dt veqnrres expensive dedicated Sef travel] HW ptt bi P2P & Profess: Om ele TSS ad Admararstey =tre4| Clrent -Servey Clrent= Server network s whenittomes to client-server network, Clients < Servers ave dis tingtrshed ecanse of the] distenetive Sewers & Clrent Present Tt majorly concentrates on Shaving tHe Ufornatran + Heve, We mainly Prefer the Centralised Server to Keep tre data re ee hediovk, tre serve vepres Pte sevires whieh ave os Bediray freee 1ratue + Te Clrest Sevvev net wove re Bx P&HSive as Cour paved to the PP network, Peev—to- peer Network botn clvents Servers ave « net distrngucsy, - It masorly Concentates on tHe SenRectrrty pact - eve, Stoves (tS every poer oun data, PLP network, vee Accom plish mth wequest % vespense The e2P networe OS ea Ptedaie@ as compared tee clret Seven network:M Clrend sev ver nebwort Vos They ave a move ctable netwovik form + TRSe Can be used both TH Small | lavge networks ae Bvantie™ . They we ea F Project? bom pavatively 7 leg no stable ae Comput § ZEVS most Preferved fov she, netwevi4s. > The a new wSFret ARPANE imi te — But re seave) Private | —3 eee pwn net > The ti hetwovmes netvouns) SS Tre lado > Fund > Since wnt MeMRE g CameSy, SS 1 w ‘ poner Pirancy steno” oor Wadvamced Ke seavcW ” ely 1 Project? Agency Network SS ‘ Siprengenl fete this project was to connect ws i drftevent ivev br tres moet, canhtrers.2act eve n for sho> Shot Bee e Nationa! Scrence. Foundatron created PERMA Ne Capac ty network Boor c NSPreb, Wwhrer has move Crpabilrtres than ARPANET. imc bored Gee etree veseaveh on rts Atcademre AoW Ss only the Mend of network % hot any Private baseness onrk —> Later Vavious Companres Created there pwn network. > The Whking of trese two ¢ Some other hetworns Cie., ARPANET , WSEnot % Some Private hetwovns) that was named as Entewnet D> The ervgrred ARPANET Was shut down -, 1Qao <> FMinditien, for NSP, 5 net, was Stepped ry 1445 > Since Lommeveral tnteunet Services Came ts e into Pietuve, Which ave xbit! ums pgieee The Internet? eiiemecme Word Wide 4) grow mtere he Dates q~ ee Computer network Mat *& file / do ¢ Pe Lt. conn. le/ > Internet is Super- many Smaner networks Fy is together | alloy, pre Roe cane a exchange | all tte Computers te with each other. informe bier @® each Pa > TH Common set of rules for “pie 7" COmmunrcation ave called Protocols DS _Lrtemet uses a set of protocgls (Gy THe as Called Ter/iP. Packets ¢h -Tcp - Tansmessron Control Protoce/ ) eal <1P- Intemet Protoco/ a ) he Pa 4E How does Tictemet worne oa re SSade > tw =e 4 “orlbieeti a tse ae dewee that @ tre com Conne, - if BES e+ de ssi hetwovies Brternet > Bactbe Lon atte ca Couey come > TeLTS metre thet eee ye Chee. eaeert hetwories - ‘ 4 Piece. Yust ive Te frank ot ave Source comp Sprne : ofa Burra being Veassemblern oe compu ter, cones Mg? COUP eras a" ais up | - liv ce Pee the: et eer Dntern n the add So that te ite ee apuconnecting rove a tree functions atevnet grow 7 ipeeee “eH PETE Dat tre file /dooumet Bar divided ig evs tly packets. 7 packet ge wT tom vate very smal t caned jrformeation number a ach peeves ts Stvers AD pu the pecet> Acc perk) Coane @ Bermernare co rete = destina tron Computey yecerves the @ the Packets 6 random manney @ rt + Pee tees ces demanded again ©. Tr packets ave avranged tm evder 4 pressase 'S obtarned @ Tre CB raranieatson Protece! “Sed bg Internet "S Tes iP. ves pons ble for devidt4g eee Te Packets on the the File/message inte Souvee computer. Ase. yesponsrble for thea Packets on destrna Ere yeassembling com pu ber. => er vesponsible for hendl rng A dene destination compete ts vouted (ent) address of $0 that cts each Pack et Proper destination.HE THe Intevspace! ‘ ‘ Rie: The interspace ie. ae ltent/ Server Sopp et 1 oad \ et i ttrple Users 1 Progra Ahot ailows ™- cpl Bers Eg networ Communreete online with veal- tine cre i audio, video @& text Chat in. dona. eS 3D Chvivonment. Om e9.- @ : ° 200m calls @ cive ae a de - Beer tree + exrst ae tre ¢t - & Ce eerst Place ee networ + fixed in Cte——" oth Bie cannons r iS Rap prvaererry ge tect > eves ® pee “Sed ransrnittins ¥ petwou ws ~e ! : Se ave 3 gw rtcheng technra nes a eee, Ser eens @® Message Su rtehrng @ Prarie Seite y MO civenrt guitchrng : fret |@s tablishes| echnrane a, veceivey PRC Sera 6 watery Be dedicteeummr es ee + Fibre gee git Oe Conn et t0om sc Soe suaeme men RIC Orti cOhexce ge veces tad then tre eee rt Te eo etors Gertie tae ~ Tb operates *~ * eye Sim lay Way as fre telephone worlts- A Complete endvte-end POUL exrst betove te communication bakes Place -rt vs used fo publee telephone i Hie cs wee Tor ee “ey issn be transf ervet aha tine Fixed bta can sertching technology. jaw area